Hugh M‘Neile

The Very Reverend
Hugh M‘Neile
Dean of Ripon
Church Church of England
Province York
Diocese Ripon
Installed 29 October 1868
Term ended 31 October 1875
Predecessor William Goode
Successor Sydney Turner
Orders
Ordination 1820
by William Magee
Personal details
Birth name Hugh Boyd M‘Neile
Born (1795-07-17)17 July 1795
Ballycastle, County Antrim
Died 28 January 1879(1879-01-28) (aged 83)
Bournemouth
Buried Bournemouth New Cemetery
Nationality Irish
Denomination Anglican
Parents Alexander M‘Neile (1762-1838) and Mary M‘Neile (née McNeale)
Spouse Anne Magee (1803-1881)
Children 16
Occupation Anglican cleric
Alma mater University of Dublin

Hugh Boyd M‘Neile[1] (18 July 1795 – 28 January 1879) was a well-connected and controversial Irish-born Calvinist Anglican of Scottish descent.[2]

Fiercely anti-Tractarian and anti-Roman Catholic (and, even more so, anti-Anglo-Catholic) and an Evangelical and millenarian cleric,[3] who was also a devoted advocate of the year-for-a-day principle, M‘Neile was the perpetual curate of St Jude’s Liverpool (1834-1848), the perpetual curate of St Paul’s Princes Park (1848-1867), an honorary canon of Chester Cathedral (1845-1868) and the Dean of Ripon (1868-1875).

He was a member of the Protestant Association (in its 19th century incarnation),[4][5] the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews,[6] the Irish Society,[7] the Church Missionary Society, and the Church Association.[8]

M‘Neile was an influential, well-connected demagogue, a renowned public speaker, an evangelical cleric and a relentless opponent of “Popery”,[9] who was permanently inflamed by the ever increasing number of Irish Roman Catholics in Liverpool.[10] He was infamous for his stirring oratory, his immoderate preaching, his prolific publications,[11] and his inability to accurately construe the meaning of the scripture upon which his diatribes were based (see below). He was just as deeply loved, admired and respected by some,[12] as he was an object of derision and scorn for others.[13]

Family

Hugh Boyd M‘Neile, the younger son of Alexander M'Neile (1795-1830) and Mary M'Neile, née McNeale (?-1852), was born at Ballycastle, County Antrim on 17 July 1795, just three years before the Irish Rebellion of 1798; and, in 1798, M‘Neile was taken by his mother from Ballycastle to relatives in Scotland, in an open boat, to escape the dangers and atrocities of “the troubles” associated with the Irish Rebellion (Boyd, 1968).

M‘Neile's father owned considerable property (including the large farm at Collier’s Hall), was a Justice of the Peace and served as the High Sheriff of the County of Antrim.[14] His father's brother, John M‘Neile (1788-1855), having made his fortune in South America, returned to Ireland and was one of the founding members of the Northern Bank, the first bank in Belfast. John M‘Neile married Charlotte Lavinia Dallas (1803-1859) on 11 June 1823 and had two sons, Henry Hugh (1829-?) and Alexander John (1842-?) and one daughter, Mary Harriet (1833-1919), who married Hugh McCalmont Cairns (1810–1885), the First Earl Cairns, who served as Attorney General in the third Derby ministry (10 July 1866 – 29 October 1866), as Lord Chancellor in the first and second Disraeli ministries,[15] and as (opposition) Conservative Leader in the House of Lords (1869-1870).

M‘Neile was 6 ft 3in tall (190 cm), extremely strong, intelligent, a good horseman and considered by most to be extremely handsome.[16]

In 1822 M‘Neile married Anne Magee (1803-1881), the fourth daughter of William Magee (1766–1831), the Archbishop of Dublin.[17] They had sixteen children (four of whom died early in life): three daughters, two of whom remained unmarried, and thirteen sons.[18] As a testament to his influence, a number of his children went on to have distinguished careers, including:

Education

M‘Neile in 1840

M‘Neile received a private education. He entered Trinity College, Dublin in 1810, and graduated Artium Baccalaureus (AB), with a good degree in classics in 1815. He also began legal studies at The King’s Inns in Dublin and, having served all his terms there, transferred to London’s Lincoln's Inn in 1814. He almost completed his terms there as well when, around 1819, he decided to abandon the law as well as the political career that his family had anticipated for him and return to his studies in order to qualify for ordination. He graduated Magister Artium, at Dublin University in 1822.

In 1847, M‘Neilee graduated Bachelor of Divinity (BD) and Doctor of Divinity (DD) from Dublin University.[23] In essence, the BD degree was a coursework and postgraduate degree only available to those who had graduated MA at least 10 years earlier; the DD was conventionally awarded simultaneously on the basis of published work. In M‘Neile's case the published work would have been The Church and the Churches (1846).[24]

On 16 June 1860, an Incorporate DD — i.e., a doctorate ad eundem gradum ("to the same degree"), admitting M‘Neile as a member of Cambridge University by virtue of his possession of a DD from another university (Trinity College, Dublin) — was conferred upon him at Cambridge University.[25]

Early adulthood

Whilst a student, and preparing for a career in the law, M‘Neile loved the theatre even more than the fashionable society in which he moved.[26] He attended the theatre in Dublin, London and Bath as often as he could. In those days, Sarah Siddons, her brother John, and Eliza O'Neill (later Lady Wrixon-Becher) — all favourites of M‘Neile — were at their peak; and his later platform and pulpit performances drew very heavily on their example.[27]

When M‘Neile was 20, his father’s unmarried brother, Lieutenant-General Daniel M’Neile (1754-1826), returned to Ireland following distinguished service with the East India Company. His uncle, who settled in Bath, delighted in M’Neile's company, and his uncle virtually adopted him; and, it seemed, he was the heir presumptive to his uncle’s considerable fortune.[28] His uncle, whose wealth and influence would have easily have procured M‘Neile a seat in parliament, and who understood that success at the bar would be a stepping-stone for the talented lad into a productive political career, encouraged him to pursue a legal career. He took his A.B. in 1815, and continued his legal studies.

Most of his time between 1815 and 1819 was spent with his uncle in Bath. In 1816 he and his uncle travelled extensively on the continent, enjoying the social advantages of his uncle’s influence.[29] In the process, M’Neile spent time with mixing with influential people, such as Madame de Staël (1766–1817) and Lord Byron (1788–1824).

In the middle of 1816, whilst staying with his uncle in a Swiss village inn, M’Neile fell very seriously ill. His life was saved by the medical intervention of Henry Brougham (1778–1868), a stranger to M’Neile at the time, who had called at the inn for refreshment (or a change of horses). Upon his return to England, a changed M’Neile began reading the Bible daily and, around 1819, he experienced a conversion to Christianity within the Evangelical Anglican tradition. To his uncle’s dismay, he hinted that he might give away law and politics and dedicate his life to the church. According to most accounts, when he finally announced that he was embracing church ministry as a profession, his greatly disappointed uncle "disinherited" him.[30]

Clerical career

Following his theological studies, M‘Neile was ordained in 1820 by his future father-in-law, William Magee (1766–1831) - who, at that time, was the Church of Ireland’s Bishop of Raphoe - and served as a curate in Stranorlar, County Donegal from 1820 to 1821. Early in 1822, his preaching in London so impressed the banker and parliamentarian Henry Drummond (1786–1860) that Drummond appointed M‘Neile to the living of the parish of Albury, Surrey, from where M‘Neile’s first collection of sermons, Seventeen Sermons, etc., were published in 1825.

From 1826 to 1830, Drummond hosted the annual Albury Conferences,[31] held in Albury for the Union of the Students of Prophecy moderated by M‘Neile.[32] Each of the Albury Conferences involved days full of close and laborious study of the prophetical books of the Bible; attempting to seek out as-yet-unfulfilled prophecies within them. As they progressed, "[their] prophetic speculations became more and more extreme".[33] It was at Albury that M‘Neile first met Edward Irving (1792-1834). Irving was a strong believer in the "gifts" of "speaking in tongues" (glossolalia) and spiritual healing. It was through Irving that M‘Neile first encountered the Irish-born Okey Sisters. His experience of the deception of Okey Sisters’ reputed speaking in tongues with Irving, and his knowledge of their later association with Elliotson and his mesmerism, and their well-attested fraudulent deception of Elliotson, must have strongly informed his later views of the activities of magnetists such as Lafontaine.[34]

In relation to the reputed prophecy, glossolalia and healing, M‘Neile became increasingly torn between his own developing view that they were not of the Holy Spirit of and his desire to remain loyal to Drummond who thought that they were. In the early 1830s, whilst still within the "Prophetic Circle", M‘Neile had dabbled with spiritual healing and speaking with tongues himself.

By July 1832, M‘Neile was preaching at Albury against the reputed spiritual gifts and was protesting about Drummond’s private prayer meetings, because, equating Drummond’s residence to a church, M‘Neile "would not suffer laymen to pray in his presence". Further, he most strongly objected "[that] it was not of God" when a female at one of Drummond’s prayer sessions, which M‘Neile had "attended reluctantly", spoke in tongues — and, thus, "contradicting the biblical injunction against women teaching in church". This caused such a rift that Drummond said "if [M‘Neile] persisted in preaching against the work of the Lord and against all who believed in it" he would be unable to remain within the Church of England.[35] Soon after, Drummond ceased attending services at Albury. Their relationship became so unworkable that M‘Neile resigned his post in June 1834.

Evangelical Anglican Opposition to Ritualism

     There were a number of aspects of Victorian ritualism to which
Anglican Evangelicals took particular exception. Prominent among
them were the doctrine of the real presence in the Eucharist, the
use of wafer bread, mixing water and wine in the chalice during the
service, reservation, adoration, benediction, the eastward position
of the celebrant, and the wearing of vestments including albs,
chasubles and coloured stoles. Priestly absolution, and in partic-
ular making the sign of the cross during it, the use of confessionals
and bowing at the name of Jesus were all also particularly offensive
to Evangelicals …
            Scotland (1997).

In October 1834, at the suggestion of a friend, the Revd William Dalton (1801-1880), he was appointed to St Jude’s Church, Liverpool. The church, which had been built by subscription expressly for Dalton in 1831, could comfortably hold 1,500 people (it was demolished in 1966). At St Jude’s, M‘Neile had "a handsome salary" and "a very large and opulent congregation".[36] Once installed at St Jude’s, M‘Neile’s eloquence attracted the attention of the Bishop of Chester — John Sumner (1780-1862), later Archbishop of Canterbury — who appointed him as an honorary canon of his cathedral. The next Bishop of Chester, John Graham (1794-1865), also held the important and influential ecclesiastical position of Clerk of the Closet to Queen Victoria. Graham was equally impressed with M‘Neile and possibly used his connections to facilitate the conferral of the Incorporate D.D. upon him in 1860.

Later, at St Paul’s, a 2,000 plus seat church specifically built for him and consecrated on 2 March 1848 by John Bird Sumner, then Archbishop of Canterbury elect (it closed in 1974) he enjoyed a large income. Over time, M‘Neile became a rich man and his financial independence meant that he answered to none: "McNeile was a fighter by instinct and a political parson by principle and, supported by a confidence derived from considerable personal wealth, he was his own man."[37]

     The impelling force behind [M‘Neile’s] actions and utterances was
two basic propositions, the truth of which he believed in totally. First
that the Roman Catholic Church was the enemy of Christianity and
the Pope the Antichrist. [M‘Neile] had difficulty in bringing himself
even to use the word "religion" when referring to Roman Catholicism.
Thus, in his view, it was the duty of a Christian to oppose the Roman
Church at all times and in all places. Individual Roman Catholics were
not to be persecuted, because, in his view, they were victims of a cruel
deception who needed the love and compassion of Christians to help
them find true religion. Second was his belief that the Roman Catholic
Church was engaged in a political conspiracy. It did not, in his view,
recognise the supremacy of temporal rulers and would, whenever
possible, grasp political power and use it to crush heresy. Any
political concessions to Roman Catholicism had to be opposed because,
in his view, the Roman Church was evil and, to the extent that it
obtained political power and influence, true religion would suffer.[38]

His stipend at St Paul’s was £1,000 per annum, more than twelve times that of an average curate. He also received £1,500 per annum in pew rents: "He had a large following, and his capacity to imbue popular prejudice against Roman Catholicism with the dignity of a spiritual crusade gave him enormous and explosive influence on Merseyside."[39]

Roman Catholicism and the Anglo-Catholics

In the simplest terms, the doctrines and the rituals peculiar to the Anglo-Catholics were considered, by Evangelicals such as M‘Neile,[40] to be a blatant violations of the promise that all of the Anglican clergy routinely made: viz., to adhere to the forms of service as specified in the Book of Common Prayer — in particular, to what it demanded and what it disallowed — and to adhere to the "Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion".

For M‘Neile, Roman Catholicism endangered "Britain’s providential mission to defend and propagate reformed Christianity": this "providential mission" was a mission of "nationalism" — a concept "contain[ing] an inherent conviction of objective national superiority" — rather than one of "patriotism" (Wolffe, 1991, pp. 308–309).[41]

The Roman Catholic Relief Act, enacted in 1829 principally to avert the threat of religious civil war in Ireland, abolished many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics that had operated in the United Kingdom for more than a century. This distressed many Anglicans such as M‘Neile, who were already fighting against the influence of Anglo-Catholics in the Church of England.

"As the Tractarian movement in the Church of England developed, M‘Neile became one of its most zealous opponents and the most conspicuous leader of the evangelical party. In 1840, he published Lectures on the Church of England and in 1846 (the year after John Henry Newman's secession to Rome), The Church and the Churches, in which he maintained with much dialectical skill the evangelical doctrine of the "invisible Church" in opposition to the teaching of Newman and Pusey" (McNeile, 1911, p. 265).

In April 1845, when speaking in the House of Commons on the Maynooth Endowment Bill, Thomas Macaulay characterized M‘Neile as "the most powerful representative of uncompromising Protestant opinion in the country" (McNeile, 1911, p. 265).

Queen Victoria, clearly shared M‘Neile's view:

The Queen feels, more strongly than words can express, the duty which is imposed upon her and her family, to maintain the true and real principles and spirit of the Protestant religion; for her family was brought over [from the Netherlands] and placed on the throne of these realms solely to maintain it; and the Queen will not stand the attempts [that are being] made to… bring the Church of England as near the Church of Rome as they possibly can.           Queen Victoria (Friday, 23 November 1866).[42]

In late 1850, the Pope issued a bull, Universalis Ecclesiæ, unilaterally (a) reviving the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England, (b) appointing twelve bishops and, also, (c) appointing the first English cardinal since the Reformation. This generated strong anti-Catholic sentiment among some English people.[43] There were widespread "No Popery" processions and anti-"Papal Aggression" meetings, many of which were addressed by M‘Neile, protesting against this perceived attack on British sovereignty.[44]

In late 1873, Queen Victoria expressed alarm at the increase of the "Romanising tendencies" in the Church of England. She declared that, in the absence of "a complete Reformation" (her preferred solution), the only remedy seemed to be for the British Parliament to give the Archbishop of Canterbury "the power… to stop all these Ritualistic practices, dressings, bowings, etc. and every thing of that kind and, above all, all attempts at confession". Further, she lamented “the terrible amount of bigotry, and self-sufficiency and contempt of all other Protestant Churches… [shown by the Church of England, and felt] the English Church should stretch out its arms to other Protestant Churches … and bethink itself of its dangers from Papacy, instead of trying to widen the breach with all other Protestant churches, and to magnify small differences of form”.[45]

The growing ritualism of the Anglo-Catholics and the rise of the Oxford Movement had become so intolerable to Queen Victoria[46] that, at her urging, and on her behalf, the Archbishop of Canterbury introduced a bill to the House of Lords on 20 April 1874, to limit the use of ritual, vestments, ornaments, etc., and to ensure all ceremonies were conducted according to the Book of Common Prayer.[47] Once enacted, many Anglo-Catholic clergy were charged with breaches of the Public Worship Regulation Act (1874); a number were placed on trial and at least five were imprisoned.

Politician

In a political speech in 1834, M‘Neile expressed his opinion on the oft-expressed view that clerics should stand aside from politics: "It was said that ministers of religion should not mingle in politics; but God, when he made the minister, did not unmake the citizen."[48] A "big, impetuous, eloquent Irishman with a marvellously attractive personality and a magnificent voice",[49] he had a considerable influence on the developing religious and political life of Liverpool:

     When he came to be Curate-in-charge of St. Jude's in 1834, the Town Council had just decided that the Corporation schools should no longer be opened with prayer, that the Bible should be banished, and a book of Scripture Extracts substituted, taken largely from the Douay [rather than the King James] Version, and that no further religious instruction should be given during schoolhours. McNeile flung himself into the fray, and led the opposition. At a great meeting in the Amphitheatre he boldly appealed for funds to open rival schools, and £3000 was promised on the spot — an amount which in a few days increased to £10,000. A circular to the parents next persuaded them to withdraw their children; and north and south the Corporation schools were left almost empty, while the temporary buildings which the Churchmen had taken were crowded to the doors. New schools began to arise as fast as sites could be found, and the Town Council with its great majority had to own itself defeated by one who was almost a perfect stranger to the city. From that moment his power in municipal life was absolute. No Town Council again dared to dispute his will … [50]

In 1835,[51] M‘Neile entered a long dispute, in which he was eventually successful, with the Liverpool corporation, which had been captured by the Whigs, after the passing of the Municipal Reform Act. A proposal was carried that the elementary schools under the control of the corporation should be secularised by the introduction of what was known as the Irish National System. The threatened withdrawal of the Bible as the basis of denominational religious teaching was met by agitation led by McNeile, who so successfully enlisted public support that before the new system could be introduced every child was provided for in new Church of England schools established by public subscriptions. At the same time, M‘Neile conducted a campaign that gradually reduced the Whig element in the council until it virtually disappeared in 1841. The defeat of the Liberal parliamentary candidates in the general election of 1837, followed by a long period of Conservative predominance in Liverpool politics, was largely due to his influence.

Orator

Contrast between the Orator and Preacher, John Ross Dix[52]

     But with all our respect and admiration for Dr. M‘Neile, we do not consider him to be a deep thinker: there is great talent, but little profundity, in his verbal discourses; and, popular as he is, we venture to say that he shines less in the pulpit than on the platform.
      [On the platform] he is at home; for, released from those trammels which the clergyman must feel around him in the pulpit, he can give a loose rein to his impetuous temper, and allow his eloquence to take broader and bolder flights.
     Who that has seen him on the platform of Exeter Hall, and there witnessed his form dilate, and his eye kindle, as he launched forth the thunderbolts of his eloquent indignation against the Romish Church, will not agree with us in thinking that, great as he is in his church at Liverpool, he is still greater as the orator of the public meeting …

"His eloquence was grave, flowing, emphatic — had a dignity in delivery, a perfection of elocution, that only John Bright equalled in the latter half of the 19th century. Its fire was solemn force. McNeile's voice was probably the finest organ ever heard in public oratory. His action was as graceful as it was expressive".[53] According to one observer, M‘Neile was “the most brilliant and highly-polished compound of natural and artificial advantages which I have ever beheld”; and, “as a specimen of appropriate action, refined oratory, stern, judicious argument, and commanding talent, all combined in one majestic whole, I may say M‘Neile is incomparable and perfectly unique” (Anon, 1838d).[54]

M‘Neile was a tenacious, dogged, relentless, and formidable foe; and, along with his extreme verbal aggression, he was a man of the most imposing physicality. He was at least 6 ft 3in tall, thick-set, and broad shouldered. He walked with a slight stoop:

He has all the appearance of a man of surpassing muscular power. The very aspect of his countenance bespeaks a person of great mental decision, and of unbounded confidence in his bodily strength. He is just such a person as, were a stranger meeting him in the streets, would be at once set down as a man who could, should ever the occasion arise, distinguish himself in any physical-force exhibition. No footpad would ever think of encountering the reverend gentleman, lest he should come off second best in the scuffle that would be sure to ensue. (Grant, 1841, pp.244-245)

Preacher

     We have before had occasion to allude to the extraordinary oratory of Dr. McNeill. He was eloquent beyond even Irish eloquence, Protestant even beyond Irish Protestantism. Several times he has been carried away into confessedly injudicious acts and words, which many would wish unsaid, undone … [55]

There were several extraordinary aspects of his preaching, and of the pulpit from which he preached. Almost without exception, and entirely removed from the firmly established Anglican convention, M‘Neile never preached from notes; and always preached extemporaneously.[56] His sermons routinely lasted 90 minutes;[57] and were never measured, structured appeals to reason — they were outright, impassioned histrionic performances intentionally directed at the emotions of his audience:

“I shall never go to hear Mr. M‘Neile again”, said a religious friend of ours, returning from St. Jude’s.
“Why not?”, we inquired.
“Because”, replied he, “if I agree with him, I must come away with feelings of ill-will against parties he has been assailing and who are quite as respectable and intelligent as himself; or, otherwise, I must come away with sentiments of anger towards himself for his intolerance, if I do not agree with him; and I do not choose to go to a place of worship with the liability of leaving it in such an unchristian-like state of mind in either case.”[58]

M‘Neile's flawed hermeneutics

M‘Neile was well known for his flawed hermeneutics; viz., his inaccurate interpretation of Biblical texts. He was renowned for both his inaccurate exegesis,[59] and for his eisegetical projections of Biblical texts onto current events.[60]

For example, in July 1846, Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert, visited Liverpool and, among other duties on 31 July 1846, he officially opened the Albert Dock and laid the foundation stone for one of M‘Neile's pet projects, the Liverpool Sailors' Home.

Two days later, on 2 August 1846, M‘Neile preached a sermon, "Every eye shall see Him";[61] the text of which was immediately published.[62]

Within his sermon — regarded, overall, as a "most melancholy, wretched, and most degrading composition”[63] — M‘Neile moved to speak of “The Prince in all his beauty”, mapping Prince Albert’s laying of a foundation stone onto a text from Isaiah (33:17) “Thine eyes shall see the King in his beauty"[64]

There were many protests at his equation of "the Saviour of the world" with a "colonel of hussars" and his implicit assertion that Albert held "title-deeds to… divinity" (Anon, 1847h). It was clear his "fearful irreverence" — implying that "an earthly prince" visiting Liverpool had some link to "the awful coming of the Prince of Heaven and Earth to Judgment" — was something that "must be [immediately] apparent to every reverent mind"; and, further, that a "piece of gross and rank blasphemy [was perpetrated] by making the third Person of the Holy Trinity a type of Prince Albert".[65][66]

M‘Neile's immoderate preaching

Another extraordinary aspect was his propensity for "[being] carried away into confessedly injudicious acts and words, which many would wish unsaid, undone" (Arnold, 1875, p. 307). On 28 February 1847, he preached that the Irish Famine was an act of God’s retribution, punishing the Irish for their collective sins and their tolerance of Roman Catholicism.[67]

On the morning of 8 December 1850, when throwing "thunderbolts" at one of his favourite targets, the evils of the Roman Catholic confessional,[68] M‘Neile made a series of outrageous statements of which, immediately after his sermon had been delivered, he denied any knowledge of ever having uttered; and, for which he specifically apologized at the evening service, and withdrew without reservation, as the following newspaper account relates:

The Anti-Popery Agitation — Dr. M‘Neile

     The frenzied vehemence of bigotry has reached its climax. At Liverpool, the Rev. Dr. M‘Neile, the notorious platform orator, uttered a sentence last Sunday morning, in the pulpit in St. Paul’s Church, Prince’s Park, which, we are sure, was never surpassed by the cruel ferocity of Popish intolerance, in the worst days of the Inquisition. To be sure, Dr. M‘Neile did not mean it,— he would shudder to be taken at his word; but why does he, a Christian minister, not bridle his tongue, unruly evil that it is? Here is the sentiment, at which Bonner might have blushed, in the bloody reign of persecuting Mary:—

     "I would make it a capital offence to administer the confession in this country. Transportation [to the colonies] would not satisfy me; for that would merely transfer the evil from one part of the world to the other. Capital punishment alone would satisfy me. Death alone would prevent the evil. That is my solid conviction."

     No, thank God, it is not your solemn conviction, Dr. M‘Neile nor is it the conviction of any English mind, however narrowed by sectarian jealousies, in this age of mild humanity! No bigot, no fanatic, now exists in England, who would, in deed and in fact, erect the gallows or the stake, for the punishment of an erring act of religious custom.
Dr. M‘Neile, on the same Sunday evening, went into his reading desk, and pronounced before his congregation the following apology:—

     "In the excitement of an extemporaneous discourse delivered by me this morning, I used, I believe, a most atrocious expression. That expression I have already withdrawn in the sight of God; I have, I trust, made my peace with him; and I now beg to withdraw that expression in the sight of this congregation, and to make my peace with you. I will not repeat the expression which I have referred to; for those who heard it will sufficiently well remember it; whilst I will not grieve (or indict pain upon) those who did not hear it by repeating it."[69]

In 1851, these events were also presented as a classic example of "the dangers of extempore preaching" (Gilbert, 1851, p. 10).

M‘Neile's "Satanic Agency and Mesmerism" sermon

On the evening of Sunday, 10 April 1842, M‘Neile preached against Mesmerism for more than ninety minutes to a capacity congregation.[70][71] He began, speaking of "latter days" — following which, Christ would return to Earth, and peace would reign for 1,000 years — and how, as the second advent neared, "satanic agency amongst men" would become ever more obvious; and, then, moving into a confusing admixture of philippic (against James Braid and Charles Lafontaine), and polemic (against animal magnetism), where he concluded that all mesmeric phenomena were due to "satanic agency".[72] The sermon was reported on at some length in the Liverpool Standard, two days later.[73] Once Braid became fully aware of the newspaper reports of the conglomeration of matters that were reportedly raised in M‘Neile’s sermon, and the misrepresentations and outright errors of fact that it allegedly contained, as well as the vicious nature of the insults, and the implicit and explicit threats which were levelled against Braid's own personal, spiritual, and professional well-being by M‘Neile, he sent a detailed private letter to M‘Neile accompanied by a newspaper account of a lecture he had delivered on the preceding Wednesday evening (13 April) at Macclesfield,[74] and a cordial invitation (plus a free admission ticket) for M‘Neile to attend Braid's Liverpool lecture, on Thursday, 21 April.

Yet, despite Braid’s courtesy, in raising his deeply felt concerns directly to M‘Neile, in private correspondence, M‘Neile did not acknowledge Braid’s letter nor did he attend Braid’s lecture. Further, in the face of all the evidence Braid had presented, and seemingly, without the slightest correction of its original contents, M‘Neile allowed the entire text of his original sermon, as it had been transcribed by a stenographer (more than 7,500 words), to be published on Wednesday, 4 May 1842.[75] It was this ‘most ungentlemanly’ act of M‘Neile towards Braid, that forced Braid to publish his own response as a pamphlet; which he did on Saturday, 4 June 1842;[76] a pamphlet which, in Crabtree's opinion is "a work of the greatest significance in the history of hypnotism, and of utmost rarity" (1988, p. 121).

Aside from the newspaper reports of the M'Neile's actual sermon, there were at least twelve published responses to the published version of the sermon and its contents.[77]

Dean of Ripon

M'Neile was in close sympathy with the philanthropic work, as well as the religious views, of the Earl of Shaftesbury, who tried hard to persuade Lord Palmerston to make him a bishop. Although Palmerston usually followed the advice of Shaftesbury in the appointment of bishops, he would not consent to the elevation to the House of Lords of so powerful a political opponent as M'Neile, whom Lord John Russell had accused of frustrating the education policy of the Liberal Party for thirty years.[78]

On 13 August 1868, William Goode, the Dean of Ripon, the senior Anglican cleric in the Diocese of Ripon after the Bishop of Ripon, died suddenly.

On 14 August, Disraeli wrote to Queen Victoria, recommending that the Queen immediately appoint M'Neile to the vacancy, arguing in support of his case that, "at this critical conjuncture [M'Neile] is gaining golden opinions all over England for his eloquent, learned and commanding advocacy of the Royal supremacy …" (Buckle (1926a), p. 533). The Queen's detailed response, written on her behalf by Major General Sir Thomas Myddleton Biddulph, the joint Keeper of the Privy Purse, spoke directly of her reluctance:

     Dear Mr. Disraeli, — I am desired by the Queen to reply to your letter of the 14th instant, respecting the appointment of a successor to the late Dr. Goode, Dean of Ripon.

     You must be aware how desirous the Queen is generally to sanction the recommendations you make for the disposal of the patronage of the Crown, and that it is most unwillingly her Majesty demurs on the present occasion.
     But before sanctioning the appointment of Dr. McNeile to the vacant Deanery, the Queen would wish you to consider well what the effect may be of appointing so strong a partisan to a high dignity in the English Church.
     However great Dr. McNeile's attainments may be, and however distinguished he may be as speaker, the Queen believes he has chiefly rendered himself conspicuous by his hostility to the Roman Catholic Church.
     The Queen would ask whether his appointment is not likely to stir up a considerable amount of ill-feeling among the Roman Catholics, and in the minds of those who sympathise with them, which will more than counter-balance the advantage to be gained by the promotion of an able advocate of the Royal supremacy. I am, yours faithfully, Thos. Biddulph.[79]

In his response, written on 19 August,[80] Disraeli replied that he had only recommended M‘Neile after the most anxious and deep consideration. Further, and given that he was being subjected to considerable pressure to elevate M‘Neile from a number of quarters (including "the vast number of letters [Disraeli] daily receives on the subject"), he strongly advised the Queen to appoint M‘Neile to the Deanery of Ripon, on the basis that he (Disraeli) had consulted the Lord Chancellor (Hugh Cairns, M‘Neile's nephew by marriage) "on this matter", and that Cairns was "very strongly in favour of the appointment".

He also indicated to the Queen that, in his view, and regardless of her declared reservations, such an appointment was prudent: "the step … would be favourably received by the High Church party [viz., 'faction'], who feel that the claims of Canon McNeile cannot be overlooked"; and, more significantly, he noted that, if he were to be "overlooked" at this time, the pressures might become such that if he were to be "passed over" at this time, he might well gain an even "higher preferment" than the Dean of Ripon.

M‘Neile was hurriedly appointed to the vacancy at Rippon,[81] and was installed on 29 October 1868.

He served in that position until he retired due to ill health on 31 October 1875.

M‘Neile's statue in St Georges Hall

M‘Neile’s statue

Following his installation as the Dean of Ripon (on 29 October 1868), M‘Neile made his last speech in Liverpool on 4 November 1868. A group of his friends and parishioners, "having resolved to erect a full-length marble statue of him in Liverpool, in commemoration of his many valuable and long-continued services in the cause of religion and religious education", announced the next day that they were accepting donations to the Statue Fund, the maximum contributions to which were fixed at £5.[82]

In May the following year, the statue committee announced that its target amount had been reached and that an eminent sculptor, George Gammon Adams, had been commissioned to produce the work and that Adams had already had several sittings with M‘Neile.[83] The statue was carved from a pure white 8-ton block of Italian Carrara marble (the same marble as Michelangelo's David).

Adams took 18 months to finish the 6'9" (225 cm), 3-ton statue; and it was finished in mid-October. On 28 October 1870, the Liverpool Council considered a request from the McNeile Statue Committee "that the statue be accepted for placement in St George’s Hall" (Cavanagh, 1997, p. 281). The suggestion it should place a statue of M‘Neile in such a conspicuous place of honour,[84] "produced an acrimonious discussion"; and, given the fierce objections by a considerable number present, the subject was deferred,[85] for the simple reason that every statue that had been placed in St. George’s Hall up to that time, had been accepted by a unanimous vote.

At the next meeting, on 9 November 1870, the first chaired by the new Lord Mayor, Joseph Gibbons Livingston (who was a strong supporter of M‘Neile), various motions were put, various amendments were proposed, and a number of very strongly held views were expressed.[86] Despite the convention requiring a unanimous vote, it seems the majority (the final vote was 36 "aye" to 16 "nay") were prepared to take the view that, whatever divisive conduct M‘Neile may have displayed, he deserved recognition as a writer and orator, and agreed to place the statue amongst the other eleven local and national dignitaries (Cavanagh, 1977).

The established Liverpool custom was a public unveiling, with "the most prestigious guest available invited to officiate". These were great popular occasions, wherein "extended eulogies [were] delivered by the succession of committee-members and honoured guests", reports of which were "invariably peppered with the parenthetic "cheers", "hear-hears", "applause" and, even, "loud and extended applause" from crowds that attendant reporters frequently emphasized "encompassed all classes and creeds" (Cavanagh, 1997, p.xvi). Yet, in the case of M‘Neile’s statue, it was brought to Liverpool and placed on its pedestal in the dark of night, and was unveiled "without any ceremonial" in St. George's Hall, three days later, on the evening of Monday, 5 December, in the presence of the Mayor, the chairman, secretary, and other several members of the Statue Committee, several "ladies", M‘Neile’s son, the Revd Edmund Hugh M‘Neile (who took over St. Paul’s, Princes Park from his father) and the Revd Dyson Rycroft, Honorary Canon of Liverpool.

Often, according to the established Liverpool custom, the sculptor would be present; and, on occasion, the sculptor might even deliver a short speech. In the case of M‘Neile’s statue, the sculptor was the only one to speak; and, moreover, Adams had to unveil M‘Neile’s statue himself.[87]

The final irony is that, of all the statues, "the only statue in St George’s Hall to cause offence because of the character of its subject, is also the only statue to have received unanimous acclaim as a work of art" (Cavanagh, 1997, p. 282):

Mr. G.G. Adams, the artist who has given us the one good statue in St George’s Hall. … People may quarrel with the objects of the promoters of the memorial, but no one can withhold a tribute of admiration to the rare ability of the sculptor. (Liverpool Daily Post, 15 December 1870).[88]

Death

M‘Neile died in Bournemouth on 28 January 1879 after a short illness.

He was interred in the midst of a severe snowstorm at Bournemouth New Cemetery on 1 February 1879. The funeral ceremony was officiated by the Bishop of Peterborough (his nephew, William Connor Magee (1821-1891)), assisted by his son, the Revd Edmund M‘Neile (1840-1893).

Earl Cairns (1810–1885), who was related to M'Neile through his marriage to M'Neile's niece, Mary Harriet M'Neile (1833-1919), and Lord Shaftesbury (1801–1885) were amongst the mourners. Throughout the day the muffled minute bell of Ripon Cathedral was tolled and the cathedral’s lectern and pulpit were each covered with a black cloth.[89]

Footnotes

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  1. ↑ "M‘Neile", which was M‘Neile's preferred orthography, with conventional inverted comma, like a filled in "6"; not "M’Neile" with erect comma like a filled in "9". Despite the modern belief that "Mac" and "Mc" indicate names of Scottish and Irish origin respectively, "M‘Neile", "McNeile" and "MacNeile" were 100% equal in M‘Neile’s time. In some places his family name is given as "MacNeile", "Mac Neile" or "McNeile".
  2. ↑ M‘Neile was descended from Scots who came to Ireland in 1610, with Randal MacDonnell (?-1636), First Earl of Antrim, to settle in King James I’s Plantation of Ulster (Dublin University Magazine, 1847, p. 462).
  3. ↑ In 1838, Mourant Brock (1802-1856) had estimated that there were at least seven hundred of the English clergy were pre-milenialists (Advent Tracts, Vol. II, (1844), p.135); and, in 1855, "a commentator in the British and Foreign Evangelical Review … estimated that more than half of the evangelicals in the church favored millenarian views" (Sandeen, E.R., The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800-1930, University of Chicago Press, p.40)
  4. ↑ The Protestant Association had been inactive since the time of the "No Popery" Gordon Riots of 1780. This unrest, fomented by Lord George Gordon (1751–1793), was directed against the Irish in general, Roman Catholics in particular, the Government in general and, most particularly the Lord Chief Justice William Murray (1705-1793). The riots were in reaction to the passing of the first “Catholic Relief Act”, the Papists Act (1788), that had attenuated some of the restrictions of the Popery Act (1698). The riots involved up to 60,000 people and resulted in widespread looting, significant destruction of churches and other property, including the private residence of the Lord Chief Justice, and many deaths. Ironically, Gordon later converted to Judaism (in 1787), adopting the name Israel Abraham George Gordon and remained a devout Jew for the remainder of his life.
  5. ↑ Inactive since Lord George Gordon’s "No Popery" riots in London in 1780, the Protestant Association re-emerged as an active force in 1835. M’Neile, one of its most active clerical participants, founded its Liverpool branch in 1837 or 1838 (Paz, 1992, p. 200).
  6. ↑ The Society, founded in 1809, emerged from a committee formed by the London Missionary Society two years earlier, in 1807, to work exclusively amongst London’s Jews. M‘Neile delivered the society’s annual sermon in both 1826 and 1846, as well as publishing a number of lectures and sermons related to Jews and Jewish matters: e.g., his Popular Lectures on the Prophecies Relative to the Jewish Nation (1830), revised and reissued as Prospects of the Jews; or, Popular Lectures on the Prophecies Relative to the Jewish Nation (1840). A letter written to his future wife (on 28 September 1841), by William Ballantyne Hodgson (1815-1880), describes M‘Neile’s position:
    "Bigotry, encouraged by the want of opposition, speaks out more and more boldly [here in Liverpool]. "Every Jew, dying as a Jew, is irretrievably lost", said the Rev. Hugh McNeile the other day; "it is godlike love to tell them of their miserable condition; godless liberalism to conceal it from them". The tyranny of the priesthood is said to be great in Scotland, but really I think it is much worse here." (Meiklejohn, 1883, p.36).
  7. ↑ The Irish Society for Promoting the Scriptural Education and Religious Instruction of Irish Roman Catholics, Chiefly Through the Medium of Their Own Language. According to an advertisement placed by the Society in the end papers of Crockford (1868), the Society was established in 1818 and, in 1868, M‘Neile was one of its Vice Presidents.
  8. ↑ Scotland (1997): "The Church Association … formed in 1865 … had as one of its avowed aims to fight ritualism in the courts by means of legal action. Many, such as Lord Shaftesbury, who had tried to introduce various bills into Parliament to curb ritualism were growing frustrated at their inability to do anything. The Church Association had a number of influential members including the Rev Dr William Wilson (Vicar of Holy Rood, Southampton), brother-in-law to the Bishop of Winchester. Canon Champneys, who was made Dean of Lichfield … [and M‘Neile]. "The purpose of the Association was "to uphold the doctrines, principles, and order of the United Church of England and Ireland, and to counteract the efforts now being made to pervert her teaching on essential points of Christian faith, or to assimilate the services to those of the Church of Rome, and to further encourage concerted action for the advancement and progress of spiritual religion". "The Church Association [sought] to effect these objects by publicity through lectures, meetings, and the use of the Press, by Appeals to the Courts of Law...’ in an effort to secure episcopal and other authoritative suppression of ceremonies, vestments and ornaments which had departed from the Church at the time of the Reformation."
  9. ↑ "It is our intention to call the religion of the Church of Rome by the name of Popery, or Romanism, and not of Catholicism, and to designate the subjects of the Pope as Papists, or Romanists, and not as Catholics. As we reckon this a topic of some importance, and as it is one on which Papists are much in the habit of complaining and declaiming, we think it proper to explain, once for all, the grounds of the course we mean to pursue in this matter. The adherents of the Church of Rome always call themselves Catholics, and refuse this designation to all other professing Christians, while they resent it as an insult and an injury when they are styled Papists or Romanists. The grounds of the course we mean to follow in this matter of names may be embodied in these two positions:—1st, The adherents of the Church of Rome have no right to the designation of Catholics, they insult and injure Protestants by assuming it, and therefore it ought never to be conceded to them; and, 2d, Protestants do not insult and injure the adherents of the Church of Rome by calling them Papists or Romanists, but, on the contrary, employ, in doing so, a perfectly just, fair, and accurate designation…" (p. 22, "On the Use of the Names "Popery", and "Romanism", and "Papist" and "Romanist"", The Bulwark or, Reformation Journal: In Defence of the True Interests of Man and of Society, Especially in Reference to the Religious, Social and Political Bearings of Popery, Vol. 1, No. 2 (August 1851), pp. 22-25.
  10. ↑ In a private letter to Queen Victoria in 1869, advocating M‘Neile’s elevation to Dean of Ripon, Benjamin Disraeli, mentioned that "[M‘Neile] is a great orator, and one of those whose words, at periods of national excitement, influence opinion". The response, written on the Queen’s behalf, by Major General Sir Thomas Myddleton Biddulph, the joint Keeper of the Privy Purse, spoke directly of the Queen’s reluctance: "However great Dr. McNeile's attainments may be, and however distinguished he may be as speaker, the Queen believes he has chiefly rendered himself conspicuous by his hostility to the Roman Catholic Church. The Queen would ask whether his appointment is not likely to stir up a considerable amount of ill-feeling among the Roman Catholics, and in the minds of those who sympathise with them …" (Buckle (1926a), pp.533-534).
  11. ↑ Whilst none of them are considered to have even the slightest theological value today, more than 100 of his works are listed at List of works by Hugh Boyd M‘Neile.
  12. ↑ "Unquestionably the greatest Evangelical preacher and speaker in the Church of England during this century" (Stock, 1899, p.376); "universally known… as one of the most powerful instruments ever raised up to arm the church in troublous days… No man living has been so grossly, so impudently, calumniated in the face of all evidence; no man is so notoriously dreaded by the workers of seditious evil in church and state; and perhaps no man on earth is so ardently, so extensively loved by all classes of right-minded people." ("Charlotte Elizabeth", (1840), p.143.)
  13. ↑ “A bold bad Irishman”; “this politico-religious firebrand”; “the factitious bigotry [evoked by] this dangerous man” (Thomas Earnshaw Bradley (1820-1866) in Bradley, 1852, p.393). “Probably the most eloquent, the most able and the most consistent religious agitator of his day” (James Murphy, 1959, p.51). “A bigoted divine, who enjoys unfortunately a very extensive popularity” (William North (1825-1854), 1845, I, p.174.).
  14. ↑ In the latter part of the 1870s the Revd Hugh M‘Neile of Ripon was registered as owning 699 acres in County Antrim, Ireland.
  15. ↑ He served from February to December 1868 and February 1874 to April 1880 respectively. It was during this time that he exerted sufficient pressure on the Prime Minister, Benjamin D'Israeli (1804–1881), to have his uncle-by-marriage, Hugh M‘Neile, appointed as Dean of Ripon and his nephew, William Connor Magee (1821-1891), appointed as to Bishop of Peterborough.
  16. ↑ An American travel writer, David W. Bartlett (1828-1912), described M‘Neile, then in his 50s, as follows: "In the pulpit he looks more like a son of Vulcan than a minister of the Prince of Peace, and one is reminded while looking at him of the celebrated Methodist Minister, Peter Cartwright, of Illinois, who often left his pulpit to silence disturbances with his brawny fists. When [M‘Neile] rises to speak, you are awed by his powerful physical appearance; he is tall and stout, with broad shoulders and muscular arms, while his great, sloping forehead, white as snow, contrasts finely with his dark hair. His eyes are expressive of genius, while his whole face has the look of a man whom all the powers of Europe could not drive from a position he had taken conscientiously." (Bartlett (1853, pp.275-276). (Peter Cartwright (1785-1872), was a tough, menacing, travelling Methodist Episcopal Church Minister, "The Backwoods Preacher", renowned for his physical strength and aggression, who operated over vast frontier areas in Kentucky and Tennessee, before moving to Illinois in 1824.)
  17. ↑ William Magee, who was strongly anti-Catholic, was Assistant Professor of Oriental Tongues (1800-1806) and Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College, Dublin (1806-1812), the Church of Ireland’s Dean of Cork (1813-1819), Bishop of Raphoe (1819-1822) and Archbishop of Dublin (1822-1831). His grandson (also M‘Neile’s nephew), William Connor Magee (1821-1891), was appointed Bishop of Peterborough by Disraeli in 1868; he served until 1891 when he was appointed as Archbishop of York, dying four months later.
  18. ↑ McDonnell (2005).
  19. ↑ He married Julia Savage in 1869. They had three children. Whilst on twelve months’ home leave with his family, staying with his father at Ripon, he went fishing in the river Ure on the morning of 31 August 1874 near West Tanfield. Whilst he was in the river fishing the level of the river suddenly rose some four feet and he was swept away. Despite extensive searches along the river, his body was not found until twelve days later, floating face up in the river near Boroughbridge.
  20. ↑ Ethel became the headmistress of the CMS School in Agra in 1912. Having spent some time in England, Ethel was returning to India on the British P & O steamer S.S. Egypt. On the evening of 20 May 1922, near Ushant, off the coast of Brittany, in a heavy sea fog, the S.S. Egypt, en route to Bombay, with 38 passengers and 290 crew, was rammed at 7:30PM, whilst many of the passengers were still on deck, the dinner gong having just sounded, sliced in two, and sunk by the French cargo steamer Seine. 98 died and 230 were saved. According to the New York Times of 22 May 1922, whilst there were more than enough lifeboats for all to safely leave the ship, the majority of the lascar (Indian) crew had taken to the lifeboats immediately. This meant that there was not enough lifeboat-launching manpower left on deck. Ethel refused to enter a lifeboat, giving her seat to a woman whose children would have been orphaned and, kneeling on the deck in prayer, she went down with the ship; she was one of the 10 passengers and 88 crew that perished. A memorial to her is inscribed on her father’s grave in the churchyard of St Nicholas’ Church, Bishop’s Sutton.
  21. ↑ He married Christiana Mary Sloggett on 28 July 1870 in the Cathedral at Ripon, with his father officiating, and his brother Ernest assisting. Father of Lieutenant Malcolm Douglas McNeile, R.N. (1880-?), Minnie Mabel Barkworth, M.B.E. (1871-1898), and Lieutenant-Colonel Herman Cyril McNeile (1888-1937) who, with the pen-name "Sapper", was possibly the most popular English author in the 1930s.
  22. ↑ He had been taught by the Revd Robert Hugh Blair, Rector of St Michael’s, Worcester, first at a Liverpool school and later at The King’s School, Worcester. It was Blair who founded the Worcester College for the Blind Sons of Gentlemen in 1866 (the first such public school in England, as distinct from earlier vocational and industrial training establishments), under the auspices of the Bishop of Worcester, where M‘Neile would go for assistance with his studies at Trinity College, Dublin and for additional coaching and preparation on each of his vacations between 1867 and 1871 (Bell, 1967, p.16). He received his B.A. in 1868, and M.A. in 1871. He had been trained to read the services from a special prayer book, created for him by Blair, that had raised print on each page ("Personal", Oswego Daily Palladium, 15 June 1876).
  23. ↑ "Domestic Intelligence: Ireland", The Aberdeen Journal, and General Advertiser for the North of Scotland, No.5182, (5 May 1847), p.7, col.B.
  24. ↑ Crockford (1868, p. 432) mistakenly asserts that M‘Neile’s two divinity degrees were awarded to him "honoris causa". They were not honoris causa and they were not "token" degrees. They were awarded simultaneously on the basis of coursework (BD) and published work (DD). They were, essentially, Trinity College’s equivalent of the Oxford University’s current Bachelor and Doctor in Divinity by Accumulation.
  25. ↑ "University Intelligence", Morning Chronicle, 18 June 1860.
  26. ↑ Much of this section is based upon the article "The Rev. Hugh M‘Neile, A.M." in Dublin University Magazine of April 1847.
  27. ↑ "… [and] it might also be considered whether much of that grace and elegance of enunciation and manner for which he has always been remarkable, may not be owing to impressions unconsciously stamped upon a plastic mind, by the contemplation of those brilliant models…" p.463.
  28. ↑ McNeile (1911), p.265.
  29. ↑ There is no doubt, so soon after the victory of the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815), the Restoration of Louis XVIII (28 June 1815), and the permanent exiling of Napoleon Bonaparte to the island of St. Helena (16 October 1815), "[that] on the continent… the name of an English general was sure to meet with… more than an ordinary degree of respect and attention" (Dublin University Magazine, 1847, p.464).
  30. ↑ For example, see McNeile (1911), p.265.
  31. ↑ Albury parish website: Brief History of Albury.
  32. ↑ According to Flegg (1992, pp.3 7-38), apart from M‘Neile, the participants included the clerics Henry Forster Burder (1783–1864), William Hodgson Cole (1806-1852), William Dodsworth (1798-1861), William Dow (1800-1855), Edward Irving (1792–1834), William Marsh (1775-1864), Henry John Owen (1795-1862), John Simons (1754-1836), John Haldane Stewart (1766-1854), Robert Story (1790-1859), Edward Thomas Vaughan (1777-1829), Daniel Wilson (1778-1858) and Joseph Wolff (1795-1862); and the laymen, John Bayford (1774-1844), Thomas William Chevalier (1799-1835), Henry Drummond (1786–1860), John Hookham Frere (1769-1846), James Gambier (1756-1833), Charles Robert Malden (1797–1855), Viscount Mandeville (1799-1855), Spencer Perceval (1795-1859), John James Strutt (1796–1873) and John Owen Tudor (1783-1861).
  33. ↑ Carter (2001), p.179.
  34. ↑ For a detailed treatment of Jane and Elizabeth Okey, see pp.155-194 in Clarke, J. F., Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Profession, J. & A. Churchill, (London), 1874.
  35. ↑ Carter (2001), p.186).
  36. ↑ Grant (1841), p.239.
  37. ↑ Neal (1998), p.45.
  38. ↑ Neal (1988), pp.45-46.
  39. ↑ Wolff (2004).
  40. ↑ This view was also held by Queen Victoria; at whose urging the Public Worship Regulation Act (1874) was passed. (See below)
  41. ↑ M‘Neile was one of the first to use the term "nationalism". He did so when he delivered a speech, "Nationalism in Religion", to the England Protestant Association at the Exeter Hall in London on 8 May 1839.
  42. ↑ From a letter written to Gerald Valerian Wellesley (1809–1882), Dean of Windsor, nephew of the Duke of Wellington, her resident chaplain, and one of Queen Victoria's most valued advisors, on 23 November 1866 (Buckle, 1926a, p. 877, emphasis in original).
  43. ↑ Altholz, J.L., The Political Behavior of the English Catholics, 1850-1867, Journal of British Studies, Vol.4, No.1, (November 1964), pp.89-103; Ralls, W., "The Papal Aggression of 1850: A Study in Victorian Anti-Catholicism", Church History, Vol.43, No.2, (June 1974), pp. 242-256; "Men are called upon to combine to prevent foreign interference with the prerogatives of the Queen, and to resist jurisdiction by the Pope in Her Majesty's dominions" (Disraeli: "Papal Aggression" (Letter to the Editor), The Times, 9 November 1850, p.4, col.F.
  44. ↑ M‘Neile, H., The Rev. Dr. M'Neile's Speech on the Papal Aggression: Delivered at Exeter Hall, on Tuesday, December 17th, 1850, C. Westerton, (London), 1850.
  45. ↑ From a letter written to Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815-1881), Dean of Westminster, on 13 November 1873 (Buckle, 1926b, pp. 290-291, with the emphases in original).
  46. ↑ In the same letter to Stanley (p.291), Queen Victoria urged that the Bishops, in the House of Lords, "ask for power to put a stop to all these new and very dangerous as well as absurd practices…" (emphasis in original).
  47. ↑ "[The] Public Worship Regulation Bill, for restraining ritualistic excesses in the Church of England … was introduced in the House of Lords by Archbishop Tait on behalf of the bench of Bishops, and warmly recommended to her Ministers by the Queen. Though viewed with much suspicion by the High Church party, who were strongly represented in the Ministry, the Bill proved to be very popular as one "to put down Ritualism", and passed, with certain agreed amendments, all its important stages in both Houses without a division" (Buckle, 1926b, pp. 299, emphasis added). In a letter to Queen Victoria, written on 7 October 1879, Disraeli, by then the Earl of Beaconsfield, in asking a favour of the Queen, makes it quite clear that the Bill was only passed after considerable effort on his part: "Your Majesty is aware of the great hostility Lord Beaconsfield excited against himself by carrying the Public Worship Bill "in obedience to your Majesty's commands"." (Buckle, 1928, p.51, emphasis added)
  48. ↑ "Tory meeting at the Amphitheatre", The Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, (28 November 1834), p.392, col.D.
  49. ↑ Balleine, 1908, p.201.
  50. ↑ Balleine, (1908), pp.201-202.
  51. ↑ See McNeile (1911), p.265.
  52. ↑ Dix (1852), pp.93-94.
  53. ↑ (Sir Edward Russell, "The Religious Life of Liverpool", The Sunday Magazine, (June 1905); quoted in McNeile, R.J. (1911, pp.265-266).
  54. ↑ Random Recollections of Exeter Hall, in 1834-1837; by One of The Protestant Party, James Nisbet and Co., (London), 1838, p.110.
  55. ↑ Arnold, (1875), p.307.
  56. ↑ Grant, 1841, p.247.
  57. ↑ The contemporary standard was something like 25-30 minutes at most; and never more than 40 minutes, even on some extraordinary special occasion.
  58. ↑ “The Rev Hugh M‘Neile + Malignity x Agitation = Mischief”, The Liverpool Mercury, Vol.35, No.1766, (Friday, 14 March 1845), p.92, col.B.
  59. ↑ Exegesis ('drawing out'); an exegetical interpretation brings out the “real” meaning of a word or passage through an examination of the spiritual/literary heritage, and the textual, allegorical, historical, and cultural context of the word or passage by going beyond its literal meaning.
  60. ↑ Eisegesis ("reading into"); an eisegetical interpretation involves the deliberate imposition of one’s idiosyncratic impression of the moment upon the word/passage entirely on its own and in complete isolation from the actual context of the chosen word or passage.
  61. ↑ Revelation 1:7: "Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him …".
  62. ↑ M'Neile, H., "Every Eye Shall See Him"; or Prince AIbert's Visit to Liverpool used in Illustration of the Second Coming of Christ. A Sermon, preached [in Saint Jude's Church, on the second day of August, 1846, the Sunday next after the Prince's visit (the Sunday After Prince Albert Laying the Foundation Stone of the Liverpool Sailor's Home). By the Rev. Hugh M'Neile, M.A., Hon. Canon of Chester, and Incumbent of St. Jude's, Liverpool, J. Hatchard & Son, (London), 1846.
  63. ↑ "The Prince "In His Beauty", and the Parson (From Douglas Jerrola’s Weekly Newspaper)", The Moreton Bay Courier, Vol.1, No.41, (Saturday, 27 March 1847), p.4, col.C.; Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, Saturday, 12 August 1846; and The Bengal Catholic Herald, 17 October 1846.
  64. ↑ "Church Parties", (1853), pp.292-293.
  65. ↑ "The Prince, etc."
  66. ↑ "We were [shocked] on reading the title of Mr. M‘Neile's recently published sermon. We could scarcely believe our eyes when we saw such language as the following:— "Every eye shall see Him, or Prince Albert's visit to Liverpool, used in illustration of the second coming of Christ". Many excellent persons have pronounced this as something worse that astounding irreverence, and are of the opinion that it would be just as proper to make use of the Prince of Wales's visit to Liverpool, in 1806, as an illustration of the first coming of our Savior. We never met before, the equal of this perversion of all propriety. "To illustrate", be it remembered, is "to throw light upon"." ("Astounding Irreverence", Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, 14 August 1846, p. 394.)
    "[Its title] has been universally condemned; because no critic has yet been able to discover that the Prince's visit to Liverpool can in any way be regarded as a type of the Second Coming, or even, in the remotest degree, as an 'illustration' of that great mystery" ("Religious Gleanings (From The Bath Herald)", The South Australian Register, Vol.11, No.706, 17 February 1847), p.3, col.A.
    "The words "every eye shall see him" were applied to Prince Albert, and to those Liverpudlians who should stare at him. "From the sublime to the ridiculous there is but one step", and from the sublime to the blasphemous we fancy there is about the same distance. The Press, with one voice, protested against the selection of such a text on such an occasion, and the Prince himself was not flattered by it. Doubtless the doctor's loyal enthusiasm led him astray in this instance, as his Orange predilections have hurried him into opinions and observations, which, a few hours after he uttered them in the pulpit, he publicly retracted, and properly stigmatised as "atrocious"…" (Dix, 1852, p.95).
  67. ↑ The sermon was published privately by M‘Neile in 1847 and was widely distributed throughout his network of admirers. It also appeared later, as: "The Famine a Rod of God; Its Provoking Cause — Its Merciful Design (A Sermon (on Micah 6:9) Preached in St. Jude’s Church, Liverpool, on Sunday 28th of February, 1847, during the Irish Famine)", pp.67-100 in Sermons by Eminent Living Divines of the Church of England, Contributed by the Authors, With an Introductory Charge on Preaching, by the Venerable Archdeacon Sinclair, Richard Griffin and Company, (London),1856.
  68. ↑ M‘Neile’s issue was that, unlike the "general confession", that was part of every standard Anglican service, where each individual confessed silently and privately, direct to God, followed by a general "absolution" or "remission of sins" by the officiating cleric, the Roman Catholic practice was that of "auricular confession", audibly addressed directly to the ear of a priest. M‘Neile strongly criticized the conflation, within the "Romish Confessional", of spiritual sins and criminal acts. Perhaps, his last ever communication was on this topic: M‘Neile, H., "Confession in the Church of England (Letter to the Editor of The Times)", The Times, No.27966, (Thursday, 2 April 1874), p.4, col.F.
  69. ↑ "The Anti-Popery Agitation — Dr. M‘Neile", The Manchester Examiner and Times, No.221, (Saturday, 14 December 1850), p.4, col.D; note that a more detailed account of M‘Neile’s retraction, etc. is at: M‘Neile, H., "Dr. M‘Neile and the Confessional (Letter to the Editor of The Times)", The Times, No.20676, (Thursday, 19 December 1850), p.2, col.E.
  70. ↑ His text was 2 Thessalonians ii. 9,10: "Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, and with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved."
  71. ↑ See Yeates (2013), pp.273-308.
  72. ↑ In particular, he attacked Braid as a man, a scientist, a philosopher, and a medical professional. He claimed that Braid and Lafontaine were one and the same kind. He also threatened Braid’s professional and social position by associating him with Satan; and, in the most ill informed way, condemned Braid’s important therapeutic work as having no clinical efficacy whatsoever.
  73. ↑ "The Rev. Hugh M‘Neile on Mesmerism", The Liverpool Standard, No.970, (Tuesday, 12 April 1842), p.3, col.G: the corrected text of the article is at Yeates (2013), pp.591-598.
  74. ↑ "Neurohypnology: Mr. Braid’s Lecture at Macclesfield", The Macclesfield Courier & Herald, Congleton Gazette, Stockport Express, and Cheshire Advertiser, No.1781, (Saturday, 16 April 1842), p.3, col.A: the corrected text of the article is at Yeates (2013), pp.599-620.
  75. ↑ M‘Neile, H., "Satanic Agency and Mesmerism; A Sermon Preached at St Jude's Church, Liverpool, by the Rev. Hugh M'Neile, M.A., on the Evening of Sunday, April 10, 1842", The Penny Pulpit: A Collection of Accurately-Reported Sermons by the Most Eminent Ministers of Various Denominations, Nos.599-600, (1842), pp.141-152: the corrected text of the publication is at Yeates (2013), pp.621-670.
  76. ↑ Braid, J., Satanic Agency and Mesmerism Reviewed, In A Letter To The Reverend H. Mc. Neile, A.M., of Liverpool, in Reply to a Sermon Preached by Him in St. Jude’s Church, Liverpool, on Sunday, 10 April 1842, by James Braid, Surgeon, Manchester, Simms and Dinham; Galt and Anderson, (Manchester), 1842: the corrected text of the publication is at Yeates (2013), pp.671-700.
  77. ↑ The texts of the responses are at Yeates (2013), pp.701-739.
  78. ↑ McNeile (1911), p265.
  79. ↑ Buckle (1926a), p.533.
  80. ↑ "Mr. Disraeli to Queen Victoria", Buckle (1926a), pp.533-534.
  81. ↑ "The deanery of Ripon has been offered to and accepted by the Rev. Hugh M‘Neile, incumbent of St. Paul’s, Liverpool": London's Morning Post, Thursday, 27 August 1868, p.4, col.D.
  82. ↑ "Public Notice: Testimonial to the Very Rev. Hugh M‘Neile, D.D., Dean of Ripon", The Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, No.6493, (Thursday, 5 November 1868), p.1, col.C.
  83. ↑ "Local News: The M‘Neile Testimonial", The Liverpool Mercury and Lancashire General Advertiser, No.6493, (11 May 1869), p.1, col.C.
  84. ↑ The eleven other dignitaries so honoured were: Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850), twice Prime Minister, founder of the Conservative Party; William Roscoe (1753-1831), Liverpool patron of the arts; Sir William Brown (1784-1864), Liverpool cotton merchant, politician, benefactor of the Free Public Library; Edward Smith-Stanley (1799-1869), 14th Earl of Derby, three time Prime Minister; William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898), four time Prime Minister; Samuel Robert Graves (1818-1873), merchant, ship owner, Mayor of Liverpool, M.P.; Edward Whitley (1825-1892), Mayor of Liverpool, M.P.; Frederick Stanley (1841-1908), 16th Earl of Derby, politician, Governor-General of Canada; Rev. Jonathan Brooks (1775-1855), Senior Rector and Archdeacon of Liverpool; George Stephenson (1781-1848), inventor and pioneer of railways; and Joseph Mayer (1803-1886), goldsmith, antiquary, collector, principal founder of Liverpool Museum.
  85. ↑ "Local and General: A proposal to place a statue of Dr. McNeile…", The Leeds Mercury, No.10156, (Saturday, 29 October 1870), p.8, col.C.
  86. ↑ These strongly held views included:
    (1) His entire 34 years in Liverpool had consistently stirred up such ill-will among the classes, and such division between different sections of the Liverpool community, that any suggestion that he had a national or local claim to such a high honour simply beggared belief; (2) He was a clergyman of high status and pre-eminent in one of the Church’s largest divisions; (3) He had no national significance as a clergyman, because he only served the interests of one section of the Church of England; (4) He was an earnest, conscientious, zealous Christian, of the highest principles whose integrity was beyond question; (5) His extreme anti-Catholicism had insulted, antagonized, and alienated at least a third of the population of Liverpool; (6) His vicious attacks on those who did not share his religious views (Roman Catholics, Anglo-Catholics within the Church of England, non-Evangelicals, non-Conformists, and Dissenters, etc.) were so offensive that, if a statue must be placed in St. George’s Hall, it was better to allow considerable time to pass and the offence he had caused to dissipate; and (7) He was a well-published author on divinity and theological subjects, and a measure of his excellence was that his works had been reviewed in prestigious publications such as The Edinburgh Review and The Times.
  87. ↑ In Cavanagh’s opinion view, "McNeile, with his vituperative anti-catholicism, was perhaps such a controversial figure that even those councilors who had forced through his commemoration thought it wiser to abstain from such an open declaration of affinity" (1997, p.xvii).
  88. ↑ Cited by Cavanagh (1997, p. 282).
  89. ↑ "The Late… ", Leeds Mercury, 4 February 1879.

References

Biographical treatments

Cited works by M‘Neile

Other sources

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