Hyaluronate lyase

Cleaves hyaluronate chains at a beta-D-GalNAc-(1->4)-beta-D-GlcA bond, ultimately breaking the polysaccharide down to 3-(4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically those carbon-oxygen lyases acting on polysaccharides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hyaluronate lyase. Other names in common use include hyaluronidase [but cf. internal_xref(ec_num(3,2,1,35)), (hyalurononglucosaminidase) and internal_xref(ec_num(3,2,1,36)), (hyaluronoglucuronidase)], glucuronoglycosaminoglycan lyase, spreading factor, and mucinase.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 27 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1C82, 1EGU, 1F1S, 1F9G, 1I8Q, 1LOH, 1LXK, 1LXM, 1N7N, 1N7O, 1N7P, 1N7Q, 1N7R, 1OJM, 1OJN, 1OJO, 1OJP, 1W3Y, 2BRP, 2BRV, 2BRW, 2C3F, 2DP5, 2PK1, 2YVV, 2YW0, and 2YX2.

References

Linker A, Hoffman P, Meyer K, Sampson P and Korn ED (1960). "The formation of unsaturated disacharides from mucopoly-saccharides and their cleavage to alpha-keto acid by bacterial enzymes". J. Biol. Chem. 235: 3061–5. PMID 13762462.
MEYER K, RAPPORT MM (1952). "Hyaluronidases". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem. 13: 199–236. PMID 14943668.
Moran F, Nasuno S, Starr MP (1968). "Extracellular and intracellular polygllacturonic acid trans-eliminases of Erwinia carotovora". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 123 (2): 298–306. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(68)90138-0. PMID 5642600.

Carbon-oxygen lyases (EC 4.2) (primarily dehydratases)

4.2.1: Hydro-Lyases	Carbonic anhydrase Fumarase Aconitase Enolase Alpha Enolase 2 Enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-Hydroxyacyl ACP dehydrase Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase Tryptophan synthase Cystathionine beta synthase Porphobilinogen synthase 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase Urocanase Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Nitrile hydratase

4.2.2: Acting on polysaccharides	Hyaluronate lyase

4.2.3: Acting on phosphates	Threonine synthase

4.2.99: Other	Carboxymethyloxysuccinate lyase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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