Asháninka language
| Asháninka | |
|---|---|
| Campa | |
| Native to | Perú |
| Ethnicity | Asháninka people |
Native speakers | 26,000-96,000 (2016)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
cni |
| Glottolog |
asha1243[2] |
General Information
Asháninka , is a language from the Arawakan family. Sometimes referred to as Campa , although this characterization has a negative underlying connotation. The people who speak this language call the deep rainforests in Peru their home. Located around the coordinates of 8°23′S 74°31′W (Pucallpa, Peru) 9.3070° S, 74.4430° W (Iparia, Peru) 9.2796° S, 76.3960° W (Monzon, Peru), the people continue to survive among the shadows from modern civilization. This is echoed by low literacy and writing rates. Despite this those that speak Ashaninka have shown resilience, and have not needed to develop these skills.
History
The language has also been called both Asháninca and Campa; the latter of which is considered by the Asháninka to be offensive, as it derives from the Quechua word thampa, meaning ragged and dirty. Like all languages that have a predominance in any particular region of Perú, Asháninka is an official language in the area in which it is spoken, as provided by the Constitution. Literacy rates range from 10% to 30%, compared to 15% to 25% literacy for the second language, Spanish.
Lineage
The Campa (or Pre-Andean) group of the Maipurean language family includes what have been called Asháninka, Gran Pajonal Campa, Ashéninka, Axaninca, Machiguenga, and Nomatsiguenga. As these are all very closely related linguistic systems, the decision to call them dialects of a single language or different languages rests on social and political considerations rather than linguistic similarity or difference, as in so many other places in the world. Attempts to unify the varieties with one written standard have not been successful.
Language basics and comparisons
| English | Spanish | Asháninka |
|---|---|---|
| One | Uno | Aparo |
| Two | Dos | Apite |
| Three | Tres | Maava |
| Man | Hombre | Shirampari |
| Woman | Mujer | Tsinane |
| Dog | Perro | Otsiti |
| Sun | Sol | Poreatsiri |
| Moon | Luna | Cashiri |
| Water | Agua | Nija |
Threats
This language can be categorized as vulnerable for a multitude of reasons. South America has been a target for logging and other deforestation efforts, that are oftentimes illegal. Those that speak Asháninka call the historically dense rainforests of Peru their home, and live off this land. This habitat faces a moderate threat from logging and other destructive practices by outside forces.
References
- ↑ Asháninka at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Asháninka". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- Cushimariano Romano, Rubén and Richer C. Sebastián Q. (2009). Diccionario asháninka–castellano (versión preliminar).
- Crevels, Mily, Lyle Campbell, Veronica Grondona, and Mouton De Gruyter. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." A Comprehensive Guide The Indigenous Languages of South America, 2012, 167-234.
- "Base De Datos De Pueblos Indígenas U Originarios." Base De Datos De Pueblos Indígenas U Originarios. Accessed March 11, 2016. http://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/pueblo/ashaninka.
- http://www.language-archives.org/language/cni
- "Native American Vocabulary: Ashaninka Words (Campa)." Ashaninka Words (Campa, Ashninka). 2015. http://www.native-languages.org/ashaninka_words.htm.
- "The Endangered Languages Project." Endangered Languages Project. Accessed May 05, 2016. http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1718/guide.
- "Asháninka." Language, Alphabet and Pronunciation. Accessed May 05, 2016.
Rutgers Student: Languages in Peril
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