Axininca language

Axininca
Native to	Peru
Native speakers	4,000 (2000)[1]
Language family	Arawakan Southern Campa (Pre-Andine) Axininca
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cpc
Glottolog	ajyi1238[2]

Axininca (also Axininca Campa,^[3] Ajyíninka Apurucayali, Campa, Ashaninca, Ashéninca Apurucayali, Apurucayali Campa, Ajyéninka) is an Arawakan language spoken along the Apurucayali tributary of the Pachitea River in Peru.

It has figured quite prominently in linguistic theory involving phonology (especially prosody including its stress) and morphology.

Demographics and language policy

There is 20% literacy in Ajyíninka Apurucayali and 30% literacy in Spanish, there is much bilingualism.

It is an official language.

Genealogical relations

The language is not mutually comprehensible with related Ashéninka Campa varieties.

Sounds

Consonants

		Bilabial	Apical	Postalveolar /Palatal	Velar		Placeless
Plosives	aspirated		tʰ
	unaspirated	p	t		k		ʔ
Affricates	aspirated		tsʰ	tʃʰ
	unaspirated		ts	tʃ
Fricatives			s	ç			h
Nasals		m	n	ɲ			N
Liquids			ɲ	rʲ
Glides		β		j	p

Notes

1. Axininca at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Ajyininka Apurucayali". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. The name Campa is offensive.

Bibliography

• McCarthy, John. (1993). Prosodic morphology: Constraint interaction and satisfaction. (Online: roa.rutgers.edu/view.php3?roa=482).
• Payne, David. (1981). The phonology and morphology of Axininca Campa. Arlington, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics. (Online: www.sil.org/acpub/repository/16298.pdf).
• Payne, David; Payne, Judith; & Santos, Jorge. (1982). Morfologia, fonologia, y fonetica del Asheninca del Apurucayali (Campa–Arawak Preandino). Yarinacoha, Peru: Ministry of Education, Summer Institute of Linguistics.