Toposa language

Toposa
Toposa–Jiye
Native to South Sudan
Region Eastern Africa
Ethnicity Toposa
Native speakers
100,000 (2000)[1]
none
Language codes
ISO 639-3 toq
Glottolog topo1242[2]

Toposa (also Akara, Kare, Kumi, Taposa, Topotha) is a Nilo-Saharan language (Eastern Sudanic, Nilotic) spoken in South Sudan by the Toposa people. Mutually intelligible language varieties include Jiye of South Sudan, Nyangatom of Ethiopia, Karimojong, Jie[3] and Dodos of Uganda and Turkana of Kenya. Teso (spoken in both Kenya and Uganda) is lexically more distant.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Plosive Voiceless p t k
Voiced b d ɡ
Affricate Voiceless t͡ʃ
Voiced d͡ʒ
Fricative s
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Flap ɲ
Approximant w l j

Vowels

+ATR

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e o
Open

-ATR

Front Central Back
Close ɪ ʊ
Mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Bibliography

Schröder, Martin C. (1989). "The Toposa Verb in Narrative Structure". Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 20: 129–142. 

Schröder, Martin C.; Helga Schröder (1987a). "Voiceless Vowels in Toposa". Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 12: 17–26. 

Schröder, Martin C.; Helga Schröder (1987b). "Vowel Harmony in Toposa". Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 12: 27–36. 


References

  1. Toposa at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Toposa". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  3. Jiye and Jie are the same name, but refer to different varieties
  4. Schröder & Schröder 1987b, p. 27
  5. Schröder & Schröder 1987a, p. 17
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