International Criminal Court judges election, 2007

A special election for three judges of the International Criminal Court was held during the 6th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in New York on 30 November and 3 December 2007.^[1]

The election was to replace three judges who had resigned during 2006 and 2007.

Background

The judges elected at this election took office on the date of their elections. Two were to remain in office until 10 March 2012, one judge (to be chosen by drawing of lots) until 10 March 2009.

The election was governed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Its article 36(8)(a) states that "[t]he States Parties shall, in the selection of judges, take into account the need, within the membership of the Court, for:

• (i) The representation of the principal legal systems of the world;
• (ii) Equitable geographical representation; and
• (iii) A fair representation of female and male judges."

Furthermore, article 36(3)(b) and 36(5) provide for two lists:

• List A contains those judges that "[h]ave established competence in criminal law and procedure, and the necessary relevant experience, whether as judge, prosecutor, advocate or in other similar capacity, in criminal proceedings";
• List B contains those who "[h]ave established competence in relevant areas of international law such as international humanitarian law and the law of human rights, and extensive experience in a professional legal capacity which is of relevance to the judicial work of the Court".

Each candidate must belong to exactly one list.

Further rules of election were adopted by a resolution of the Assembly of States Parties in 2004.^[2]

Nomination process

Following these rules, the nomination period of judges for the 2007 election lasted from 1 June to 24 August 2007. The following persons were nominated:^[3]

Name	Nationality	List A or B	Region	Gender
Bruno Cotte	France	List A	Western European and Other States	Male
Graciela Dixon	Panama	List A	Latin American and Caribbean States	Female
Daniel David Ntanda Nsereko	Uganda	List A	African States	Male
Jean Angela Permanand	Trinidad and Tobago	List A	Latin American and Caribbean States	Female
Fumiko Saiga	Japan	List B	Asian States	Female

The candidature of Sunday Akinola Akintan of Nigeria was withdrawn.^[4]

Minimum voting requirements

Minimum voting requirements governed part of the election. This was to ensure that article 36(8)(a) cited above is fulfilled. For this election, the following minimum voting requirements existed; they were to be adjusted once the election was underway.

Regarding the List A or B requirement, there was a minimum voting requirement (not to be waived at any time) of two judges from List A .^[5]

Regarding the regional criteria, there was no minimum voting requirement.

Regarding the gender criteria, there was no minimum voting requirement.

The regional and gender criteria could have been adjusted even before the election depending on the number of candidates. Paragraph 20(b) of the ASP resolution that governed the elections states that if there are less than double the number of candidates required for each region, the minimum voting requirement shall be a (rounded-up) half of the number of candidates; except when there is only one candidate which results in no voting requirement. Furthermore, if the number of candidates of one gender is less than ten, then the minimum voting requirement shall not exceed a certain number depending on the number of candidates.

The regional and gender criteria could have been dropped either if they were not (jointly) possible any more, or if after four ballots not all seats were filled.

The voting requirements were as follows:

Criterion	Voting requirement ex ante	Candidates as of now	Adjusted voting requirement	Adjusted requirement equals ex ante?
Lists A or B
List A	2	4	2	Yes
List B	0	1	0	Yes
Regional criteria
African states	0	1	0	Yes
Asian states	0	1	0	Yes
Eastern European states	0	0	0	Yes
Latin American and Caribbean States	0	2	0	Yes
Western European and other States	0	1	0	Yes
Gender criteria
Female	0	3	0	Yes
Male	0	2	0	Yes

Ballots

The first two ballots took place on 30 November 2007. The other two ballots took place on 3 December 2007.

Name	Nationality	List A or B	Region	Gender	1st round	2nd round	3rd round	4th round
Number of States Parties voting					105	104	102	102
Two-thirds majority					70	69	68	68
Fumiko Saiga	Japan	List B	Asian States	Female	82	elected
Bruno Cotte	France	List A	Western European and Other States	Male	79	elected
Daniel David Ntanda Nsereko	Uganda	List A	African States	Male	54	53	60	74
Graciela Dixon	Panama	List A	Latin American and Caribbean States	Female	45	25	21	28
Jean Angela Permanand	Trinidad and Tobago	List A	Latin American and Caribbean States	Female	50	26	21	withdrawn

The drawing of lots had Saiga serve until 2009 and Cotte and Nsereko until 2012.^[6]

References

1. "Results of the third election of the judges of the International Criminal Court". International Criminal Court. Archived from the original on 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
2. "Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.6" (PDF). International Criminal Court. 2004-09-10. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
3. "Alphabetical listing". International Criminal Court. 2007-10-03. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
4. Nomination of judges. ICC. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
5. Note verbale governing the election. ICC. Retrieved 11 December 2011. Take into account that Claude Jorda's resignation was not yet taken into account for that note verbale!
6. Official Records. ICC. Retrieved 11 December 2011.