Irish Braille

Irish Braille
Type
alphabet
Languages Irish
Parent systems
Print basis
Irish alphabet

Irish Braille is the braille alphabet of the Irish language. It is augmented by specifically Irish letters for vowels that take acute accents in print:

⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
áéíóú

é and ú are only coincidentally the French Braille letters for é and ù: They are simply the braille letters of the third decade after z, assigned to print in alphabetical order.

Irish Braille also uses some of the Grade-1½ shortcuts of English Braille,

⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246) ⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2) ⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)⠲ (braille pattern dots-256)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
ch gh sh th ed er st ing ar* ea con dis com† en in

* only has the value ar in prose. In poetry, it is used to mark a new line, like "/" in print.

†Abolished in Updated Irish Braille (see below)

These shortcuts are not used across elements of compound words. For example, in uiscerian (uisce-rian) "aqueduct", e-r is spelled out, as is s-t in trastomhas (tras-tomhas) "diameter". There are no special braille letters for dotted consonants. The letter h is used instead, as in modern print. A shortcut may be used even when the final consonant is lenited with h; comh, for example, is written com-h.

The only word-sign is the letter s for agus "and".

The letters j k q v w x y z were not originally part of the Irish alphabet, but apart from w they have been introduced through English loans, so they occur in Irish Braille. Punctuation is the same as in English Braille.

Updated Irish Braille

In 2014, the Irish National Braille and Alternative Format Association approved a new standard, Updated Irish Braille (UIB), designed largely to match Unified English Braille for ease of use by bilingual braille readers.

UIB uses most of the contractions of UEB, with the exception of the doubled letters bb , cc , ff , and gg . These must be written as , , , and respectively. The contractions used are as shown above.

A full set of wordsigns has been added:

Letter Braille Word Letter Braille Word
b bíonn bh bhíonn
c cathain ch chuaigh
d déanamh dh dhéanamh
e eile
f féidir fh fhéidir
g gach gh gheobhaidh
h halla
l leis
m maith mh mhaith
n nuair
o oíche
p píosa ph phíosa
r raibh
s agus sh shampla
t tabhair th tháinig
u uaireanta
v véarsa

(Even when a lenited letter requires two cells, it is treated as one letter in Irish.) In addition, the letters a, i, á, é, í, and ó, along with the digraphs in and ar, are Irish words in their own right, and are treated as wordsigns.

The third-decade English wordsigns and, for, of, the, and with are not used as wordsigns nor as contractions. The first three are spelled out , , and , while the last two use the th contraction and . All occurrences of in UIB text are for vowels with accents.

The only shortform word in UIB is b-r-l "braille".

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, February 18, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.