Ivo Josipović

Ivo Josipović
3rd^[a] President of Croatia
In office 19 February 2010 – 18 February 2015[1]
Prime Minister	Jadranka Kosor Zoran Milanović
Preceded by	Stjepan Mesić
Succeeded by	Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović
Member of Parliament
In office 22 December 2003 – 11 January 2008[2]
In office 11 January 2008 – 19 February 2010[3]
Constituency	I. electoral district[4]
Personal details
Born	28 August 1957 Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia (now Croatia)
Political party	League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1980-1990) Social Democratic Party (1990–1994, 2008–2010) Forward Croatia-Progressive Alliance (2015-)
Spouse(s)	Tatjana Josipović
Children	Lana
Alma mater	University of Zagreb
Profession	Lawyer, musician
Signature
Website	predsjednica.hr/IvoJosipović
^a 3rd counting from the 1990 Croatian parliamentary election. 19th Croatian president overall.

Ivo Josipović (pronounced [ǐːʋo josǐːpoʋit͡ɕ]; born 28 August 1957) is a Croatian jurist,^[5] composer and politician who served as the 3rd President of Croatia from 2010 to 2015.^[6][7][8]

Josipović entered politics as a member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ), and played a key role in the democratic transformation of the League of Communists of Croatia into the Social Democratic Party (SDP) as the author of its first statute. He left politics in 1994, but returned in 2003, winning a seat in the Croatian Parliament running as an independent candidate on the SDP party list.^[2] In addition to politics, Josipović has also worked as a university professor, legal expert, musician and composer.

Following the end of his term in parliament in January 2008, he ran in the 2009–10 presidential election as SDP candidate, which he had rejoined in January 2008. In the first round he topped eleven rivals with 32.4% of the vote, and entered the run-off with independent conservative populist candidate and mayor of Zagreb, Milan Bandić, who had secured 14.8%. He won the election with 60.28% of the vote in the second election.

His campaign was titled New Justice (Nova Pravednost), calling for a new legal framework to address deep social injustice, corruption and organised crime. This included protection of individual rights and promotion of fundamental values such as equality, human rights, LGBT rights, justice, diligence, social empathy and creativity.^[9] Josipović was inaugurated on 18 February 2010, at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb. His term officially began at midnight on 19 February.

Josipović sought re-election in the first round of the 2014–15 presidential election held on 28 December 2014. He won 38.46% of the vote, in front of conservative candidate Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. They entered a run-off which took place on 11 January 2015, which Josipović lost by a slim margin (32.509 votes), winning 49.3% of the vote, while Grabar-Kitarović won 50.7%. He is the first President of Croatia not to be reelected to a second term.

Biography

Josipović's parents, originally from Baška Voda, a small town near Makarska in Dalmatia, had moved to capital Zagreb in 1956, about a year before he was born.^[10] As a high school student, Josipović attended both the V. Gymnasium and a secondary music school in Zagreb from 1972 to 1976.^[10] As a teenager he was a promising football player.^[11] He is married to Tatjana, a civil law professor and legal expert.^[12] They have one daughter, Lana (born c. 1991).^[12][13]

He is the son of Ante Josipović, who was a member of the Executive Committee of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Croatia in 1971 during the Croatian Spring, the movement for democratic and economic reforms. He headed the commission that investigated the occurrence of reformist ideas within the Croatian Communist Party.

Apart from his native Croatian, he speaks English fluently and has some understanding of German.^[14]

Law

Ivo Josipović attended the Faculty of Law of the University of Zagreb, from which he graduated passing his bar examination in 1980. He completed his MA in criminal law in 1985 and his PhD in criminal sciences in 1994. He began as a lecturer at the same law faculty in 1984, and has since become a Professor for criminal procedure law, international criminal law and misdemeanour law.^[13]

Josipović has been a visiting researcher at a number of prestigious institutes including the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany, the Institute for Criminal Law of the University of Graz, Austria, as well as the HEUNI Institute (European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control) in Helsinki, Finland. He has also spent time as a private researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and Private International Law in Hamburg, Germany as well the Yale University in the US. As member of several domestic and international legal and artists' associations he published over 85 academic and professional papers in domestic and international journals.^[13] In year 1994, he co-founded the independent Hrvatski pravni centar (Croatian Law Center).^[13] Josipović helped to save 180 Croatian prisoners of war from Serbian detention centers and has represented Croatia before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).^[15] He participated in several international projects and acted as a Council of Europe expert in evaluation of prisons in Ukraine, Mongolia and Azerbaijan.^[13]

Music

After graduating from a secondary music school he enrolled at the Composition Department of the Zagreb Music Academy under the tutelage of renowned scholar Stanko Horvat. He graduated in 1983 majoring in composition.^[12] Between 1987 and 2004 Josipović was also a lecturer at the Zagreb Music Academy.^[16]

Josipović composed some 50 chamber music pieces for various instruments, chamber orchestra and symphony orchestra. In 1985 he won an award from the European Broadcasting Union for his composition "Samba da Camera" and in 1999 he was awarded the Porin Award for the same composition,^[17] which was followed by another Porin Award in 2000 for his piece titled "Tisuću lotosa" ("A Thousand Lotuses").^[18] His most successful pieces also include "Igra staklenih perli" (The Glass Bead Game) and "Tuba Ludens".^[13] These pieces are performed by numerous musicians in Croatia and abroad.^[13] Since 1991 Josipović also served as director of the Music Biennale Zagreb (MBZ), an international festival of contemporary classical music.^[12]

During the 2010 election campaign Josipović announced that as president he will compose an opera based on the murder of John Lennon.^[19]

Film

Josipović was interviewed in Boris Malagurski's documentary film The Weight of Chains 2 (2014). Ivo Josipović lent his voice to the third film of the Toy Story series and in a short animated film "Night and Day". Josipović at the beginning of the film pronounces the sentence, in Croatian, 'Best things in life are unknown, turn to new things'.^[20] Opening the Pula film festival, in 2014, President Josipović called for the audience to enjoy movies and art. 'For some, film is the most beautiful and noble fraud, while for some, filmmakers are magicians. Indeed, they put in a big hat under the stars a lot of important spices and most importantly the talent and love for the art', said Josipovic.^[21]

Politics

Victory speech of Ivo Josipović on 10 January 2010.

In 1980 Ivo Josipović became a member of the League of Communists of Croatia. He played a key role in the democratic transformation of this party as the author of the first statute of the Social Democratic Party of Croatia (SDP). In 1994, he left politics and the SDP, dedicating himself to law and music. Upon the invitation of Ivica Račan, acting Prime Minister at the time, he returned to politics in 2003, and became an independent MP with the SDP and Vice-President of the SDP Representatives' Group in the Croatian Parliament. During his mandate in 2005, he was also a representative in the Assembly of the City of Zagreb. In 2007, he was re-elected to the Croatian Parliament. He formally renewed his SDP membership in 2008. On 12 July 2009 he was elected as the party's official presidential candidate.^[13] As MP he served on various parliamentary committees dealing with legislative, judiciary and constitutional questions, as well as for defining parliamentary rules of procedure and the political system.^[13]

Presidential election 2010

After serving two consecutive five-year terms, the incumbent president Stjepan Mesić was not eligible to run in the scheduled 2009 presidential election. On 20 June 2009, Josipović was nominated as one of the official SDP candidates for the Croatian presidential election, 2009–2010.^[22] He won in a primary against Ljubo Jurčić on 12 July, becoming the party's official candidate.

Josipović based his campaign on the slogan 'Justice for Croatia' and kicked off his campaign with a rally in front of the Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb. He attacked the current Croatian government and the prime minister Jadranka Kosor for ignoring the needs of the little man and criticized her for not dealing with corruption.^[23]

On 27 December 2009, Josipović won the first round of the presidential election with 32.42% of the vote. He faced Milan Bandić, an expelled member of the SDP running as an independent, (runner-up with 14.83%) in the second round on 10 January 2010. Subsequently, on 10 January 2010 he was elected as the 3rd president of Croatia with 60.26% of the vote, beating Milan Bandić in the second round.^[24]

President of Croatia

Polish President Lech Kaczyński with Ivo Josipović in 2010

Croat member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Dragan Čović with Ivo Josipović in Mostar in 2014

In April 2010, Josipović met with the Bosnian Croat Catholic archbishop cardinal Vinko Puljić and the head of the Islamic Community reis Mustafa Cerić and the three made a joint visit at the sites of Ahmići massacre and Križančevo selo killings, and paid respect to the victims.^[25] Ivo Josipović made an official visit to Bosnia during which he addressed the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina,^[26] and in his speech he expressed a "deep regret" for Croatia's involvement in efforts to divide Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s, resulting in the Croat-Bosniak war and suffering for many people on both sides.^[27] The presidency of the Croatian Democratic Union condemned the apology.^[28] Jadranka Kosor, the current Prime Minister and member of the Croatian Democratic Union, criticized Josipović and accused him of breaching the constitution.^[29] The vice president of the Croatian Democratic Union, Andrija Hebrang, contested that Josipović should have visited Bleiburg before Ahmići and Grabovica.^[30]

He has chosen a couple of counselors who have caused scandals.^[31] Josipović's first option as counselour for rural areas and agriculture was Mato Mlinarić, who was dismissed two hours after being appointed when the press discovered that he had some non-paid tax debts.^[32] Former journalist Drago Pilsel served as Josipović's counselor for a month, but left the position after a publishing a column in which he insulted his opponents.^[33][34]

In May 2010, Josipović met the leaders of the Republika Srpska Rajko Kuzmanović and Milorad Dodik, as well as the prominent Bosniak leader Sulejman Tihić, and visited the site of the Sijekovac killings to pay respect to the victims.^[35] The site and the visit provoked some controversy in the Croatian public, with allegations of impropriety levelled against President Josipović and the authorities of Republika Srpska for misattributing some of the casualties.^[36] During a visit to Israel in February 2012, Josipović apologized for atrocities committed against Jews by the Croatian Ustaše regime during the 1940s. Josipović's apology was accompanied by criticism in Croatia because his predecessor Stjepan Mesić had already apologized earlier for the crimes. Josipović also said that "he is the son of Tito's partisan".^[37]

Standing in opinion polls

Ivo Josipović's approval ratings since taking office (conducted by IpsosPuls).

In the year 2010, President Josipović had on average maintained a very high 81% approval rating (according to Ipsos), surpassing the former president Stjepan Mesić.^[38] With ratings reaching as high as 84% in May, August and December^[39] in 2010 and 2011, Ivo Josipović was ranked as the most popular Croatian politician in the past 20 years (with the possible exception of Franjo Tuđman), since Croatia's secession from Yugoslavia.^[40] However, while he remains the most popular Croatian active politician, in the first half of the 2012 his popularity suffered a decline: from ratings of over 80% at the end of 2011 and 84% in February 2012, to 74.2% in March 2012 and 68.8% in April 2012.^[41]

Ivo Josipović's approval ratings

Date	Event	Approval (%)
27 February 2010	Inauguration	78[42]
25 March 2010	First month in office	83[43]
30 April 2010	After apologizing in Croatia's name	84[44]
25 November 2010	Serbian president apologizes for Vukovar	81[45]
28 January 2012	Personal High	88[46]
25 August 2014	Personal Low	68[47]

Presidential election 2015

President Josipović announced plans for reelection in the 2014 presidential election, with his electoral program focusing on amendments to the constitution and decentralization of Croatia. The first round of elections took place on 28 December 2014 with Josipović narrowly coming in ahead of his main challenger Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović of the conservative Croatian Democratic Union. Ivo Josipović received 38,46% of the vote, 22.000 vote more than Grabar-Kitarović, who was at 37,22%, but both failed to win more than 50% of the vote, leading to a runoff. As the two most voted candidates, Josipović and Grabar-Kitarović proceeded to the second round on 11 January 2015. As the results came in on election night, Grabar-Kitarović was predicted as the winner, taking 51,4% according to exit polls. However, as official results began coming in Josipović had an initial lead, but Grabar-Kitarović overtook the incumbent to win by 32.509 votes, as voting continued to take place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where problems arose due to voting papers. Josipović lost the election by 1.989 votes if the diaspora vote is not taken into account and he conceded defeat to Grabar-Kitarović later in the evening. His term formally expired at midnight 18 February 2015, while his successor had already been inaugurated on 15 February. After having lost his bid for reelection Josipović founded a new political party called Forward Croatia-Progressive Alliance and plans to contest parliamentary elections to be held late in 2015. Josipović also refused to have his own office and staff, to which he is entitled to for a period of 5 years after leaving office as president.

Parliamentary election 2015

Josipović's Forward Croatia-Progressive Alliance signed a coalition agreement with the People's Party - Reformists led by former Economy minister Radimir Čačić.

Honours and awards

Award or decoration		Country	Date	Place
	Order of St. Olav[48]	Norway	12 May 2011	Zagreb
	Order of Merit of the Italian Republic[49]	Italy	06 July 2011	Zagreb
	Order of the Elephant[50]	Denmark	21 October 2014	Zagreb

References

1. HINA (11 January 2015). "Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović na predsjedničku dužnost stupa 19. veljače" (in Croatian). Index.hr. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
2. "Zastupnici 5. saziva Hrvatskoga sabora" (in Croatian). Sabor.hr. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
3. "Zastupnici 6. saziva Hrvatskoga sabora" (in Croatian). Sabor.hr. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
4. Hrvatski sabor - Ivo Josipović
5. Radosavljević, Zoran (28 December 2014). "No outright winner in Croatia's presidential vote, run-off on Jan 11". Reuters. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
6. "Josipović: Hvala na čestitkama! Strpimo se još malo", Jutarnji list (in Croatian), 11 January 2010
7. "Ivo Josipović treći hrvatski predsjednik", hrt.hr (in Croatian) (Croatian Radiotelevision), 11 January 2010
8. Social Democrat Ivo Josipović elected Croatia president, BBC News, 11 January 2010, retrieved 18 February 2010
9. "New Justice" (PDF). Ivo Josipović Main campaign page. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2011.
10. Hudelist, Darko (5 January 2010). "SDP-ovac koji je devet godina izbjegavao Račana" (in Croatian). Globus. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
11. Šetka, Diana (20 August 2009). "IVO I TATJANA JOSIPOVIĆ: Naših dvadeset godina ljubavi". Gloria (in Croatian) (763). Retrieved 31 December 2009.
12. Ožegović, Nina (14 April 2009). "Ivo Josipović – presidential ambitions of an avant-garde composer". Nacional (700). Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
13. Ivo Josipović. "Resume" (PDF). Main campaign page.
14. Ivo Josipović – Predsjednik Hrvatske
15. "Josipović: Sudjelovao sam u spašavanju 180 branitelja i obranio Hrvatsku od Haaga" [Josipović: I took part in saving 180 Croatian veterans and defended Croatia against the Hague]. Nacional (in Croatian). 7 December 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
16. (Croatian) Ivo Josipović personal home page
17. [[[:hr:Dobitnici Porina 1999.|Dobitnici Porina 1999.]] "Dobitnici Porina 1999."] Check |url= value (help) (in Croatian). Croatian Wikipedia. 21 January 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
18. [[[:hr:Dobitnici Porina 2000.|Dobitnici Porina 2000.]] "Dobitnici Porina 2000."] Check |url= value (help) (in Croatian). Croatian Wikipedia. 21 January 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
19. Ivo Josipovic, Croatia’s new president, to write an opera on John Lennon
20. "Ivo Josipović posudio glas za "Priču o igračkama 3"". 24sata.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 29 June 2010.
21. "'Za neke je film najljepša i najplemenitija prevara'". tportal.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 19 July 2014.
22. "12. srpnja: Jurčić ili Josipović?". sdp.hr (in Croatian). Social Democratic Party of Croatia. 20 June 2009. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
23. "Josipović snažno započeo službenu kampanju". Javno.com (in Croatian). 19 November 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
24. "Potpuni službeni rezultati izbora za predsjednika Republike Hrvatske 10. siječnja 2010. (drugi krug)" [Complete Official Results of Elections of the President of the Republic of Croatia on 10 January 2010 (Runoff)] (in Croatian). State Election Committee. 11 January 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
25. "Predsjednik RH u Ahmićima – Josipović s Puljićem i Cerićem odao počast žrtvama rata u BiH" (in Croatian). Novi list. 15 April 2010. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
26. "Govor predsjednika Josipovića u parlamentu BiH". Croatian Radiotelevision. 14 April 2010. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
27. "Josipovic apologizes for Croatia's role in war in Bosnia". Croatian Times. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
28. "Josipović's apology diminishes Milošević's guilt". SEEbiz. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011.
29. Raseta, Boris (17 April 2010). "Croatian president stirs hornet's nest with apology". Monsters and Critics. Archived from the original on 14 November 2010.
30. Grdic, Tina (15 April 2010). "Josipovic introduced Croatia to the aggressor list". Dalje.
31. Josipović i sedam poučaka: Tko kaže da je novi predsjednik dosadan? – Vijesti.net – Index.hr
32. "Josipović smijenio povjerenika Mlinarića šest sati nakon imenovanja". Večernji list (in Croatian). 19 February 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
33. Dnevnik.hr – Pilsel vrijeđao, Josipović ga brani: 'Nije moj savjetnik'
34. Pilsel odlazi iz Josipovićevog ureda zbog novinarstva, Kajin mu odgovorio: "Gazda će čistiti" > Slobodna Dalmacija > Hrvatska
35. "Josipović odao počast ubijenim srpskim civilima". Novi list (in Croatian). 30 May 2010. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010.
36. "Posavljaci Josipoviću – Ne idite u Bosansku Posavinu, Dodik će vas prevariti". Slobodna Dalmacija (in Croatian). 29 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
37. "Josipović u Knessetu: I ja sam dijete Titova partizana". Večernji list (in Croatian). 15 February 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
38. "Josipović najpopularniji – Prepolovljena prednost SDP-a pred HDZ-om, za Kukuriku 40,5 posto". Večernji list (in Croatian). 28 July 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
39. Dnevnik.hr – SDP najjači, potpora Jadranki Kosor pala za 44 posto
40. "Tko je najpopularniji hrvatski političar dosad? Ivo Josipović je najpopularniji hrvatski političar u zadnjih 20 godina. Možda mu je samo Tuđman mogao parirati". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 11 September 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
41. Istraživanje: Popularnost Ive Josipovića i HNS-a strmoglavo pada | HRsvijet.net – Hrvatski svijet
42. IpsosPuls Agency poll, 27 February 2010
43. IpsosPuls Agency poll, 25 March 2010
44. IpsosPuls Agency poll, 30 April 2010
45. IpsosPuls Agency poll, 25 November 2010
46. IpsosPuls Agency poll, 28 January 2012, Nova TV
47. Predsjednik više nije najpopularniji političar: Holy skinula Josipovića s trona - Vijesti - Index.hr
48. https://web.archive.org/20150527122134/http://www.predsjednik.hr/12052013. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015. Missing or empty |title= (help)
49. "Onorificenze - Dettaglio del conferimento". Quirinale.it. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
50. Josipović od danske kraljice Margarete II. dobio Red slona - 24sata

External links

• Ivo Josipović on Facebook
• Ivo Josipović Main campaign page (Croatian)
• Ivo Josipović Personal homepage (Croatian)
• Ivo Josipović at the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) official web site (Croatian)
• Ivo Josipović at the Croatian Composers' Society official web site (Croatian)
• List of musical works (Croatian)
• SDP-ovac koji je devet godina izbjegavao Račana (Croatian)