J/Z (New York City Subway service)

Nassau Street Local/Express

A J train made of R32 cars at Marcy Avenue, bound for Jamaica Center.
Northern end Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer
Southern end Broad Street
Stations 30 (J service)
21 (Z service)
Rolling stock R32, R42, R160
Depot East New York Yard

The J Nassau Street Local/Express and Z Nassau Street Express[1] (earlier Jamaica Express and displayed as Jamaica Local/Express on the R160 cars) are two rapid transit services in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Their route emblems, or "bullets", are colored terra cotta brown since they use the BMT Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan.[2] The J operates at all times while the Z operates six rush-hour trips in the peak direction on weekdays; both services use the entire BMT Archer Avenue, Jamaica, and Nassau Street lines between Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer in Jamaica, Queens and Broad Street in Lower Manhattan (via the Williamsburg Bridge between Brooklyn and Manhattan). On weekdays, trains run express in the peak direction in Brooklyn between Myrtle Avenue and Marcy Avenue, bypassing three stations. During rush hours also in the peak direction, the J and Z form a skip-stop pair between Sutphin Boulevard and Myrtle Avenue. At all other times, the J serves every station on its entire route.

History

Before the Chrystie Street Connection

A Z train made of R42 cars, crossing the Williamsburg Bridge.

The Jamaica Line – then known as the Broadway Elevated – was one of the original elevated lines in Brooklyn, completed in 1893 from Cypress Hills west to Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg.[3] It was then a two-track line, with a single local service between the two ends, and a second east of Gates Avenue, where the Lexington Avenue Elevated merged.[4] This second service later became the 12, and was eliminated in 1950 with the abandonment of the Lexington Avenue el.

The second major service on the Broadway Elevated ran between Canarsie and Williamsburg via the BMT Canarsie Line, started on July 30, 1906, when the Broadway and Canarsie tracks were connected at East New York.[5] As part of the Dual Contracts, an extension from Cypress Hills east to Jamaica was completed on July 3, 1918,[6] a third track was added west of East New York, and express trains began running on it in 1922.

The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation numbered its services in 1924, and the Canarsie and Jamaica services became 14 and 15. Both ran express during rush hours in the peak direction west of East New York, and additional 14 trains, between Eastern Parkway or Atlantic Avenue on the Canarsie Line and Manhattan provided rush-hour local service on Broadway.[7] When the 14th Street–Eastern Line and Canarsie Line were connected on July 14, 1928,[8] the old Canarsie Line service was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, providing only weekday local service over the Broadway Elevated west of Eastern Parkway. The Atlantic Avenue trips remained, and rush-hour trains continued to serve Rockaway Parkway (Canarsie), though they did not use the Broadway express tracks.[9] The 14 was later cut back to only rush-hour service.

On the Manhattan end, the first extension was made on September 16, 1908, when the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks opened.[10] Broadway and Canarsie trains were extended to the new Essex Street terminal, and further to Chambers Street when the line was extended on August 4, 1913.[11] When the BMT Nassau Street Line was completed on May 30, 1931, the 15 was extended to Broad Street,[12][13] and the 14 was truncated to Canal Street.[9] Some 14 trains began terminating at Crescent Street on the Jamaica Line in 1956.

Inbound rush hour skip-stop service between Jamaica and East New York was implemented on June 18, 1959.[14] Express 15 trains served "A" stations, while the morning 14 became the Jamaica Local, running between Jamaica and Canal Street, and stopped at stations marked "B".[15] These stations were as follows:[16]

Letters were assigned to most BMT services in the early 1960s. The BMT Jamaica services retained their numbers until November 1967. The 15 became the J (express), and the 14 became the JJ.[17]

Chrystie Street Connection to 1976

 
JJ

Jamaica 


R32 end rollsign

When the Chrystie Street Connection opened on November 26, 1967, many services were changed. The two local services - the JJ (non-rush hours) and KK (rush hours) - were combined as the JJ, but without any major routing changes. Thus non-rush hour JJ trains ran between Jamaica and Broad Street, while morning rush hour JJ trains ran to Canal Street, and afternoon rush hour JJ trains ran between Canal Street and Atlantic Avenue or Crescent Street. The rush-hour express J was combined with the weekday QT Brighton Local via tunnel to form the weekday QJ, running between Jamaica and Brighton Beach via the Jamaica Line (express during rush hours in the peak direction), BMT Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Brighton Line (local). Finally, the RJ was a special peak-direction rush-hour service, running fully local on the Jamaica Line, Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Fourth Avenue Line to 95th Street in Fort Hamilton. This was an extension of a former rush-hour RR service, and thus ran towards Jamaica in the morning and towards Fort Hamilton in the afternoon.[18]

The next change was made on July 1, 1968, when the Chrystie Street Connection tracks to the Williamsburg Bridge opened. The Jamaica Line portion of the rush-hour JJ was modified to become a new rush-hour KK, running between Jamaica (peak direction) or Eastern Parkway (both directions) and the new 57th Street station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The MM (with a dark green bullet on R-27 signage) was a proposed alternative to the KK as a local to 57th Street/6th Avenue, which finally opened in July, 1968.[19] The RJ was eliminated, being cut back to an RR variant, and the off-hour JJ was relabeled QJ (but not extended to Brighton Beach). At the same time, the existing skip-stop service was extended to afternoon Jamaica-bound trains, with those QJ trains running express west of Eastern Parkway and service "A" stations east to Jamaica, and those KK trains serving "B" stations. Less than two months later, on August 18, the QJ was extended to Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue.[20][21]

On January 2, 1972, the QJ, which was the longest route in the transit system, was cut back to Broad Street and redesignated the J; and the M was extended to Coney Island in its place. At the same time, the KK was cut back to Eastern Parkway from 168th Street and renamed the K,[22][23] and both skip-stop patterns were carried out by alternate J trains. Eventually, the K was discontinued entirely on August 30, 1976,[24] eliminating the J skip-stop and express service east of Myrtle Avenue. (One-way express service remained west of Myrtle Avenue, since the M was switched to the local tracks at that time.)

The following table summarizes the changes that were made between 1959 and 1976.

Morning rush-hour local Morning rush-hour express Afternoon rush-hour local Afternoon rush-hour express Other local Other service
1959–67 14/KK 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street, "A" stops inbound 14/KK Crescent Street, Atlantic Avenue, or Rockaway Parkway - Canal Street 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street 15/JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
1967–68 JJ 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, "A" stops inbound JJ Crescent Street or Atlantic Avenue - Canal Street QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, middays and early evenings		 RJ 168th Street - Bay Ridge, rush hour non-peak direction only
1968–1974 KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops inbound KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Broad Street or Brooklyn
1974–1976 K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two inbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two outbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops J 168th Street - Broad Street

1976 to present

Current rolling stock.
From top: R32, R42, R160.
From left to right: Trains in J and Z service.

The J was truncated to Queens Boulevard just after midnight on September 11, 1977,[25] and to 121st Street on April 15, 1985,[26] as portions of the elevated Jamaica Line closed and were demolished. The Q49 shuttle bus replaced service at the closed stations until 1988.

The BMT Archer Avenue Line opened on December 11, 1988, extending the line back east from 121st Street to Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer. The Z train first ran that day, introducing the present J/Z skip-stop pattern.[27] The new Z trains would go skip-stop between Jamaica Center and Broadway Junction (later Myrtle Avenue) during rush hours. Bus service on several Queens bus routes was rerouted to serve Jamaica Center instead of 169th Street station several blocks away. The J/Z skip-stop service was touted as being faster to lower Manhattan than E, F, and R service, in an attempt to relieve some crowding on the IND Queens Boulevard Line. Because the MTA hoped that Queens passengers would transfer to the J/Z from the E, F, and R, every subway car on the J and Z's fleet was completely graffiti-free.[28]

On September 30, 1990, weekend J service was cut back to Canal Street,[29] but it was extended back to Chambers Street in 1994.

From April 30 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge was closed for reconstruction. J trains ran only between Jamaica Center – Parsons Archer and Myrtle Avenue. J/Z skip-stop service was in both directions between Jamaica Center and Eastern Parkway-Broadway Junction.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, service on the BMT Broadway Line in Lower Manhattan, and R service, was suspended. J trains were extended beyond Broad Street via the Montague Street Tunnel to replace the R to Bay Ridge – 95th Street at all times except late nights, when it only ran to Broad Street and a shuttle ran in Brooklyn between 95th and 36th Streets. J/Z skip-stop service was suspended.[30] Normal service on all three trains was restored on October 28.[31]

On June 14, 2015, weekend J service was extended back to Broad Street; this was proposed in July 2014 to improve weekend service between Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn.[32][33][34][33] Between 1990 and 2015, when weekend service terminated at Canal or Chambers Streets, Broad Street and the J/Z platforms at Fulton Street were two of the four New York City Subway stations that lacked full-time service (the remaining two being the platforms for the IRT 42nd Street Shuttle).

Route

Service pattern

The following table shows the lines used by the J and Z, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:

Line From To Tracks Times
middays evenings weekends rush peak rush peak
BMT Archer Avenue Line Jamaica Center Sutphin Boulevard all        
BMT Jamaica Line 121st Street Myrtle Avenue local (all)  
local (skip-stop)        
Myrtle Avenue Marcy Avenue local      
express        
Williamsburg Bridge all    
BMT Nassau Street Line Essex Street Broad Street

Stations

For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.

Station service legend
Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays only
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
Stations Subway transfers Connections
Queens
Archer Avenue Line
Jamaica Center – Parsons / Archer E  Q44 Select Bus Service
Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport E  AirTrain JFK
LIRR at Jamaica
Q44 Select Bus Service
Jamaica Line
121st Street Q10 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
111th Street
104th Street
Woodhaven Boulevard
85th Street – Forest Parkway
75th Street – Elderts Lane
Brooklyn
Cypress Hills
Crescent Street
Norwood Avenue
Cleveland Street
Van Siclen Avenue
Alabama Avenue
Broadway Junction A  C  (IND Fulton Street Line)
L  (BMT Canarsie Line)		 LIRR Atlantic Branch at East New York
Terminal for select rush hour trains
Chauncey Street
Halsey Street
Gates Avenue
Kosciuszko Street
Myrtle Avenue M 
Flushing Avenue M  B15 bus to JFK Airport
Lorimer Street M 
Hewes Street M 
Marcy Avenue M  B44 Select Bus Service
Manhattan
Nassau Street Line
Essex Street M 
F  (IND Sixth Avenue Line at Delancey Street)
Bowery
Canal Street 4  6  <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
N  Q  R  (BMT Broadway Line)
Chambers Street 4  5  6  <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Brooklyn Bridge – City Hall)
Fulton Street 2  3  (IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line)
4  5  (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
A  C  (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
Connection to N  R  (BMT Broadway Line) at Cortlandt Street via Dey Street Passageway
Broad Street

References

  1. ↑ "J/Z Subway Timetable, Effective December 6, 2015" (PDF). New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
  2. ↑ "mta.info - Line Colors". mta.info.
  3. ↑ "Trains Running This Morning". Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, NY). May 30, 1893. p. 10.
  4. ↑ "Better Service on the Brooklyn L". Brooklyn Daily Eagle (Brooklyn, NY). December 20, 1893. p. 12.
  5. ↑ "The BRT Opens Its New Extension for Through Traffic". The New York Times. July 31, 1906. p. 12. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  6. ↑ "New Subway Line". The New York Times. July 7, 1918. p. 30. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  7. ↑ Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1924
  8. ↑ "Celebrate Opening of New B. M. T. Line". The New York Times. July 15, 1928. p. 13. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  9. 1 2 Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1931
  10. ↑ "Mayor Runs a Train Over New Bridge". The New York Times. September 17, 1908. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  11. ↑ "Bridge Loop to Open for One Line Only". The New York Times. August 3, 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  12. ↑ "Nassau St. Service Outlined by B. M. T.". The New York Times. May 21, 1931. p. 29. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  13. ↑ "Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link". The New York Times. May 30, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  14. ↑ "Jamaica BMT to Start Speed-Up Tomorrow". The New York Times. June 17, 1959. p. 28. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  15. ↑ New York City Transit Authority, Official New York City Subway Map and Station Guide, 1959
  16. ↑ New York City Transit Authority, Skip Stop on the BMT Jamaica Line, 1959
  17. ↑ Joseph Cunningham and Leonard DeHart, A History of the New York City Subway System Part 2: Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1977
  18. ↑ New York City Transit Authority, New York City Rapid Transit Map and Station Guide, 1967
  19. ↑ "THANK YOU FOR YOUR SERVICE Retired line designations Page 2". forgotten-ny.com.
  20. ↑ New York City Transit Authority, Rapid Transit Service Changes, 1968
  21. ↑ New York City Transit Authority, KK - a new service, 1968
  22. ↑ "Subway Schedules In Queens Changing Amid Some Protest". The New York Times. January 2, 1973. p. 46. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  23. ↑ "Changes Set for Jan. 2 Praised". New York Times. November 25, 1972. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  24. ↑ "Transit Agency Drops 215 Runs". The New York Times. August 31, 1976. p. 42. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  25. ↑ Dembart, Lee (September 9, 1977). "A Sentimental Journey on the BMT...". The New York Times. p. 61. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  26. ↑ "www.nycsubway.org". www.nycsubway.org.
  27. ↑ Johnson, Kirk (December 9, 1988). "Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin". The New York Times. p. B1. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
  28. ↑ nycsubway.org—The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s
  29. ↑ "Service Changes September 30, 1990" (PDF). subwaynut.com. New York City Transit Authority. September 30, 1990. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  30. ↑ "www.nycsubway.org". nycsubway.org.
  31. ↑ "www.nycsubway.org". nycsubway.org.
  32. ↑ "mta.info - 2014 - 2017 MTA Financial Plan". mta.info.
  33. 1 2 "MTA - news - MTA’s Proposed 2015 Budget Includes Systemwide Service Enhancements". mta.info.
  34. ↑ http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/train-service-upgrade-part-mta-new-financial-plan-article-1.1878079

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