Jamestown, New York

Jamestown
City

Downtown Jamestown, view from Washington Street.
Nickname(s): The Pearl City
Coordinates: 42°5′44″N 79°14′19″W / 42.09556°N 79.23861°W / 42.09556; -79.23861Coordinates: 42°5′44″N 79°14′19″W / 42.09556°N 79.23861°W / 42.09556; -79.23861
Country United States
State New York
County Chautauqua
Founded 1810
Incorporated (village) 1827
Incorporated (city) April 19, 1886
Government
 • Type Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Samuel Teresi (D)
 • Common Council
Area
 • Total 9.1 sq mi (23.5 km2)
 • Land 9.0 sq mi (22.94 km2)
 • Water 0.1 sq mi (0.217 km2)
Elevation 1,378 ft (420 m)
Population (Census 2010)[1]
 • Total 31,146
 • Density 3,534.6/sq mi (1,364.3/km2)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 14701, 14702
Area code 716
FIPS code 36-38264
GNIS feature ID 0953925

Jamestown is a city in southern Chautauqua County, New York, in the United States. The population was 31,146 at the 2010 census. Situated between Lake Erie to the northwest and the Allegheny National Forest to the south, Jamestown is the largest population center in the county. Nearby Chautauqua Lake is a fresh water resource enjoyed by fishermen, boaters and naturalists. Chautauqua Institution is approximately 17 miles away, offering music, theater, educational classes and lectures for nine weeks during the summer.

Notable people from the Jamestown area include comedian Lucille Ball; Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson; naturalist Roger Tory Peterson; singer Natalie Merchant; and NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. Products developed in Jamestown include the crescent wrench and automatic voting machines.

Jamestown was once called the "Furniture Capital of the World" where people visited from all over the country to attend furniture expositions at the Furniture Mart, a building that still stands in the city and currently houses offices for a variety of companies.

History

James Prendergast, Founder of Jamestown

Jamestown is named after James Prendergast, an early Chautauqua County settler.[2] His family purchased 3,500 acres (14 km2) in 1806, in the area now known as Chautauqua County. James Prendergast explored the area that is now Jamestown. Prendergast saw the area to be valuable, and so he purchased 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) of land in the area in 1808. In the fall of 1809, Prendergast and an employee, John Blowers built a log cabin, which became the first building in Jamestown. Another log cabin as well as mills and a dam were built on the Chadakoin River later on.[3] In 1855, Nightwatch was created for the purpose of looking out for fires.[4]

Jamestown was incorporated into a village in 1827 and incorporated into a city on April 19, 1886.[5] Oscar F. Price was elected as the first mayor of the city on April 13, 1886.[3] James Murray was appointed to be the first Chief of Police and would lead a force of six police officers.[4]

In 1887, Jamestown Electric Light and Power Company, Art Metal, and WCA Hospital were established. In 1888, Jamestown Woolen Spinning Co. established; cornerstone of Holy Trinity Lutheran Church laid. In 1889, the American Aristotype Co. was established.[5] The first electric trolley car in Jamestown made its appearance in 1890. In 1891, a fire destroyed the Old Homestead Hotel at Third and Pine Streets and four people died. James Prendergast Library and the Municipal Light Plant were established the same year.[5]

Prendergast Library, postcard circa 1901–1907

In 1892, Chautauqua Worsted mills was formed. In 1893, Jamestown Veneer Works was started by Nathan Wilson and Jamestown's first ice cream company started making Collins Ice Cream. In 1895, the cornerstone of City Hall was laid and the City Council decided to lay no more wooden sidewalks. Eleazer Green is elected mayor the same year. In 1896, Empire Worsted Mills was formed. In 1898, Chautauqua Towel Mills was opened. In 1899, Henry H. Cooper was elected mayor. In 1900, Tinkham Brothers established their business, the Furniture Index was published, and the Hall Textile Corporation was formed.[5] In 1903, Jamestown purchased a water system and the J.P. Danielson Tool Co. was organized. In 1906, James L. Weeks was elected mayor. In 1907, the Crescent Tool Company was started by Karl Peterson and Charles F. Falldine. In 1908, Samuel A. Carlson was elected mayor. Music Study Club and Jamestown Symphony Orchestra began the same year.[5]

In 1910, the excavation began for construction of Jamestown General Hospital, which still stands in the present day. In 1911, the Norden Club was started. On August 6, actress Lucille Ball was born in Jamestown. The first plane to ever fly over Jamestown occurred on September 28, 1911. The Norden Clubhouse was completed in 1914. On April 8, 1917, Company E left for guard duty.[5] The Emerson Glass Company started the same year. In 1918, Jamestown Corp. formed to make airplane propellers. A steam ship, the City of Pittsburgh sank at Boatlanding, also in 1918.

In 1921, the Zonta Club was organized.[5] In 1925, the Hotel Samuels was sold. In that same year, the Scottish Rite Temple was formally opened and taxpayers voted a $350,000 bond issue for the Third Street Bridge. The following year, Third Street Bridge was completed and it still stands today. In 1927, Jamestown celebrated the centennial of its incorporation as a village. Lars Larson was elected mayor the same year.[5] In 1930, Samuel A. Carlson served as mayor once again. In 1931, a fire destroyed the old Martyn Factory. Also, the city purchases Niagara, Lockport and Ontario Power Company.[5]

Erie Railroad Station, 1909 postcard
East Second Street c. 1910

In 1932, the ground was broken for the new armory, the Erie Railroad station was dedicated, and the Community Chest was permanently formed.[5] In 1933, Elk Furniture Company was sold. Also, Milton Carlson and Frederick Larson took over Jamestown Airport. The board of education assumed title to school forest. Also in 1933, city councilman Leon F. Roberts was elected mayor. In 1934, Jamestown Airport Corp. offered an airport to the city and the city secured the old armory as a relief center. As part of The New Deal, ground was broken for a new high school, which provided jobs during the Great Depression.[5]

In 1935, the Board of Education opened the new industrial arts building and City Council approved $314,000 airport for North Main Street site.[5] In November, Jamestown High School was formally dedicated. In 1937, the Temple Hesed Abraham was dedicated and the Alfred Collegiate Extension Center opened with 80 students. In 1938, Harry C. Erickson became mayor and Jamestown General Hospital's maternity annex opened. In 1939, twelve local plans surveyed by the government to produce supplies in wartime. Also, the city's new airport formally dedicated.[5]

In 1940, the PONY league baseball began and Co. E was inducted into federal service.[5] In 1941, Jamestown Municipal Stadium was dedicated and Samuel A. Stroth was elected mayor. In 1942, East Second Street widening was ordered and flames destroyed the old state armory. In 1945, Jamestown was hit by a tornado. In 1946, Dr. Carlyle C. Ring was named superintendent of schools. C.C. Ring Elementary School presently stands, in his honor. In 1950, Jamestown Community College was opened.[5]

In 1951, Stanley A. Weeks was elected mayor and the addition to the municipal power plant was opened.[5] In 1954, Samuel A. Stroth was elected mayor and Allegheny Airlines began east-west flight via Jamestown. In 1955, Carl F. Sanford was elected mayor.[5] In 1956, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz visited Jamestown. In 1957, a $400,000 runway improvement to Jamestown Municipal Airport was added. In 1958, a new sewage disposal plant was opened, Buffalo Street pumping station was modernized, and a new wing opened at Jamestown General Hospital. In 1959, Jamestown's new post office was started.[5] In 1960, Jamestown celebrated the sesquicentennial of first house erected here. That same year, Mohawk Airlines started to serve Jamestown.[5]

In 1961, Jamestown Community College moved into new Falconer Street campus and William D. Whitehead was elected mayor.[5] In 1963, the City's first parking ramp opened at Main and Second Streets and Frederick H. Dunn elected mayor.[5] Additionally, Grandin Mills on Allen Street was destroyed by fire and singer Natalie Merchant was born in Jamestown.[5] In 1964, the Washington Street Bridge was completed. In 1967, an addition to Jamestown High School was completed.[5] Also, Jamestown Community College opened a new Science and Engineering Building. In that same year, Charles B. Magnuson was elected mayor. In 1968, an addition to the James Prendergast Free Library was completed. In 1969, the Cherry Street parking ramp was opened, Rail service to Jamestown discontinued by Erie-Lackawanna Railway, Stanley N. Lundine was elected mayor, and the New Gustavus Adolphus Children's Home opened. In 1970, the Final approval was granted for the Brooklyn Square Urban Renewal Project.[5]

Throughout the 1970s, homes in Brooklyn Square were relocated as well as many stores and shops. A second Urban Renewal Project was proposed in 2006, and the project began in 2007. Jamestown has hosted thirteen Babe Ruth World Series since 1980, and hosted the 13-Year-Old Babe Ruth World Series in 2008. The James Prendergast Library has regularly ranked in the top ten in the nation among those that service populations of 25,000-49,999, according to HAPLR, with a peak ranking of fourth in 2004.

Gallery

Climate

Climate data for Jamestown, New York
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 31.9
(−0.1)		 34.8
(1.6)		 43.7
(6.5)		 56.9
(13.8)		 67.8
(19.9)		 76.3
(24.6)		 80.0
(26.7)		 79.0
(26.1)		 71.8
(22.1)		 59.7
(15.4)		 47.9
(8.8)		 35.8
(2.1)		 57.1
(13.9)
Average low °F (°C) 14.5
(−9.7)		 14.9
(−9.5)		 22.1
(−5.5)		 33.3
(0.7)		 42.0
(5.6)		 52.1
(11.2)		 55.9
(13.3)		 54.7
(12.6)		 47.3
(8.5)		 37.5
(3.1)		 29.8
(−1.2)		 20.7
(−6.3)		 35.4
(1.9)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.94
(74.7)		 2.57
(65.3)		 2.96
(75.2)		 3.59
(91.2)		 4.16
(105.7)		 4.59
(116.6)		 4.82
(122.4)		 3.84
(97.5)		 4.29
(109)		 3.70
(94)		 4.26
(108.2)		 3.59
(91.2)		 45.31
(1,150.9)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 25.7
(65.3)		 16.7
(42.4)		 12.4
(31.5)		 2.8
(7.1)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 .3
(0.8)		 8.1
(20.6)		 20.8
(52.8)		 86.9
(220.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 17.3 13.1 13.1 12.5 11.5 11.9 11.2 10.7 10.3 12.2 13.2 16.2 153.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 11.8 8.9 5.7 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 .3 3.1 9.1 40.3
Source: NOAA[6]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18603,155—
18705,33669.1%
18809,35775.4%
189016,03871.4%
190022,89242.7%
191031,29736.7%
192038,91724.3%
193045,15516.0%
194042,638−5.6%
195043,3541.7%
196041,818−3.5%
197039,795−4.8%
198035,755−10.2%
199034,681−3.0%
200031,730−8.5%
201031,146−1.8%
Est. 201430,429[7]−2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census
[8]

As of the census of 2000, there were 31,730 people, 13,558 households, and 7,904 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,534.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,364.3/km2). There were 15,027 housing units at an average density of 1,673.9 per square mile (646.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.52% White, 3.39% African American, 0.64% Native American, 0.44% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 2.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.94% of the population. 19.7% were of Italian, 18.1% Swedish, 12.8% German, 9.0% Irish, 8.7% English and 5.5% American ancestry according to Census 2000.[1]

There were 13,558 households out of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were non-families. 35.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.94.[1]

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.[1]

The median income for a household in the city was $25,837, and the median income for a family was $33,675. Males had a median income of $30,003 versus $20,039 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,316. About 15.8% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.[1]

Government

The government of the City of Jamestown is a mayor-council form of government.[9]

Executive branch

The executive branch consists of a mayor elected to 4-year terms without term limits, and the heads of the departments, most of them appointed by the mayor.[9]

This section lists the mayors of Jamestown, New York.

# Mayor name Took office[5] Left office[5] Political party
1 Oscar F. Price April 13, 1886 May 7, 1894[3]
2 Eleazer Green May 7, 1894 April 11, 1898[3]
3 Henry H. Cooper April 11, 1898 1900[3]
4 J. Emil Johnson 1900[3] April 9, 1906 Republican[10]
5 James L. Weeks April 9, 1906[11] 1908 Republican[12]
6 Samuel A. Carlson 1908 1928 Republican
7 Lars Larson 1928 1930
8 Samuel A. Carlson 1930 January 1, 1934 Republican
9 Leon F. Roberts January 1, 1934[13] January 1, 1938 Democratic
10 Harry C. Erickson January 1, 1938[14] 1942 Good Government Party[14]
11 Samuel A. Stroth 1942 January 1, 1952 Progressive Party
12 Stanley A. Weeks January 1, 1952 January 1, 1954 Greater Jamestown Party[15]
13 Samuel A. Stroth January 1, 1954[16] January 2, 1956 Progressive Party[17]
14 Carl F. Sanford January 2, 1956[17] January 1, 1962 Greater Jamestown Party[18]
15 William D. Whitehead January 1, 1962[19] January 1, 1964 Taxpayer's Party[20]
Independent[21]
16 Frederick H. Dunn January 1, 1964[22] 1967 Democratic [21]
17 Charles B. Magnuson 1967 1969 Republican
18 Stanley Nelson Lundine 1969 1976 Democratic
19 Steven B. Carlson 1976[23][24] 1990 Democratic
20 Donald W. Ahlstrom 1990 1992 Republican
21 Carolyn Gifford Seymour 1992 1994[25] Democratic
22 Richard A. Kimball, Jr. 1994 2000 Republican
23 Samuel Teresi 2000[26] Incumbent Democratic

Legislative branch

The legislative body of Jamestown consists of nine council members, who are elected every two years without any term limits. Six council members represent each of the city's 6 wards, and three additional council members are known as councilmembers-at-large, representing the entire city.[9] The table below outlines the current members of the Jamestown City Council.[27]

Name/Party Elected Notes
Gregory P. Rabb (D) At-Large, Council President
Kimberly A. Ecklund (R) At-Large
George S. Spitale (D) At-Large
Stephen Szwejbka (D) Ward I
Anthony Dolce (R) Ward II
Michael A. Taylor (D) 2005 Ward III
Vince DeJoy (D) Ward VI
Maria B. Jones (D) Ward V
Paul D. Whitford (D) Ward VI

Culture

Museums

Sports

This is the home city for the Jamestown Jammers baseball team of the New York–Penn League. The Jammers are the Single A Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Following the 2014 season, the Jammers announced that they would be relocating to Morgantown, West Virginia.[30] It was later announced that a new team in the Prospect League would replace the Jammers, and the team would keep the name.

Jamestown is the current home of the Jamestown Chiefs, a semi-pro football team.

Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena is a 1,900 seat ice arena in the city. Among the teams that have played in the arena as primary tenants included the Jamestown Ironmen of the North American Hockey League, the Jamestown Jets of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League, the minor professional Jamestown Vikings of the Mid-Atlantic Hockey League, the Jamestown Titans of the North Eastern Hockey League and the current Southern Tier Xpress of the North American 3 Hockey League.

Jamestown High School's boys and girls basketball teams have both won numerous Sectional and Division titles, with the basketball team winning back to back Section VI titles in 2009–10, 2010–11 while reaching the NYSPHSAA Class AA State Championship in 2011. The High School football team has been to five New York State Championships, losing in 1993, and winning in 1994, 1995, 2000 and 2014.

Jamestown hosted its 15th Babe Ruth World Series in August 2011.[31]

Jamestown hosted, at the Jamestown Savings Bank Ice Arena, three exhibition games prior to the start of the 2011 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

Retail

Chautauqua Mall is located in nearby Lakewood.

The first Jamesway store opened in Jamestown. It later relocated to Chautauqua Mall.

Geography

Jamestown is located 71 miles south of Buffalo, 158 miles north of Pittsburgh, and 145 miles Northeast of Cleveland.

Major employers

The Jamestown area has a few large manufacturing plants that are major employers in this region. These include Bush Industries (makers of ready-to-assemble furniture), Cummins Inc. (manufacturer of diesel engines; the heavy duty engine plant is located in the Town of Busti, just west of Jamestown, but still called the Jamestown Engine Plant or JEP), SKF AeroEngine (formerly MRC Bearings), TitanX Engine Cooling Inc., Jamestown Container Companies (corrugated container manufacturer), Truck-Lite (makers of truck lighting systems), "Blackstone" (makers of sheet metal), "Jamestown Electroplating Works Inc" (Metal Plating Finishing Service), and "Water Street Brass Corporation" (manufacturer of decorative brass hardware). The area was once known as the "furniture capital of the world" for its many talented furniture and brass hardware manufacturers. Chain stores have opened in recent years in the surrounding area, including Walmart, KMart, Wegmans, Sam's Club, CVS, and Rite Aid.

"The Connection" an outsource phone call center has become a major employer on the corner of Second and Washington Streets in Jamestown housed in the Furniture Mart building, and headquartered out of Minnesota.

WCA Hospital (Women's Christian Association) was founded May 23, 1885, and included a nursing school until Jamestown Community College filled the need with a two-year RN nursing program. It currently has a school of Medical Technology and Radiology Technology. Though Jamestown General Hospital still stands on Jones Hill, it is no longer publicly owned, and is now part of WCA Healthcare System. It houses mental health units as well physical, drug and alcohol rehab units. The main campus of WCA is on the corner of Allen St and Foote Avenue.

At present, the greater Jamestown area remains at the center of an impressive agricultural region. Among the area's leading producers are Welch's, Mogen David, Kraft Foods and Red Wing. Of all the counties in New York State, Chautauqua County has more farms than any other (about 2,200). Although its primary agricultural product is milk, Chautauqua County is also the State's greatest producer of wine and jelly grapes. The area's production of Concord grapes is one of the largest in the nation, second only to California.

Education

Jamestown Community College provides a two-year education and four-year degrees through matriculation agreements with several universities. Recent additions to the campus include a state-of-the-art LEED certified science building and three residence halls. Jamestown Business College, located near the downtown core, now offers a four-year degree.

Jamestown Public Schools include: Jamestown High School; three middle schools, Persell Middle School, George Washington Middle School, and Thomas Jefferson Middle School; as well as six elementary schools.

The Red Raider Marching Band won the NY State Field Band Conference Championship in 2014 and 2015, and has consistently placed in the top 10 at Bands of America competitions. They played at the pregame show at the 2004 FedEx Orange Bowl. In December 2007, they traveled to Florida to play at the Citrus Bowl. The other premiere music ensemble at JHS is the A Cappella Choir.

Also located just within the Jamestown City limits is another public school: Southwestern Central School, located almost on the border with Lakewood NY, which serves students K–12. The physical address is 600 Hunt Road W.E. Jamestown, New York 14701

The Southwestern Central School District serves approximately 1,499 students. Southwestern Central School occupies three buildings on one large campus. Southwestern Elementary School, which opened in September 2002, has 655 students enrolled in grades Pre-K–5; the Middle School serves 356 students in grades 6–8, and at the High School there are 441 students in grades 9–12.

The Southwestern Central School District is located on the west end of the city of Jamestown, New York. Included in the district are the villages of Lakewood and Celoron, the Town of Busti, rural areas and the suburban area of West Ellicott. Jamestown and the surrounding area comprise a population of approximately 60,000 people located 40 miles east of Erie, Pa. and 70 miles southwest of Buffalo.

Transportation

Air

The Chautauqua County-Jamestown Airport (JHW) is north of the city and provides scheduled and charter air service.

Bus

Bus service is provided by Coach USA of Erie. Connections are available to the Greyhound service in Buffalo. There is also a county-wide bus service (CARTS) and taxi service through various companies.

Rail

Long distance railroads

Present day Jamestown is on the mainline of the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad which provides freight service. Amtrak does not serve the area, except through contract with Coach USA to provide Thruway Motorcoach service along Coach USA's existing bus route to bus Amtrak passengers to and from the Exchange Street Station in Buffalo.

Until the 1970s, four railroad companies traveled through Jamestown:

In 1976, the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad was absorbed into Conrail, and then ultimately, by Norfolk Southern Railway and CSX Transportation in 1998.

The Erie Railroad's former Jamestown Station still exists, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

Electric interurban – the Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern

An electric interurban railroad—Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad (JW&NW)—connected all three above towns (Jamestown-Mayville-Westfield) and ran along the north side of Lake Chautauqua. The JW&NW ended passenger operation in 1947, continued with freight, then quit entirely in 1950. Its rails and right-of-way have slowly disappeared.[32]

Radio stations

106.9 KISS FM

Notable people

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  2. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 168.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "History of Jamestown, NY". History of Chautauqua County, New York and its people. American Historical Society, Inc. 1921. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  4. 1 2 "Police Department History". City of Jamestown Website. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 "Chronology Of City's History". The Post-Journal. 28 September 1971. pp. CT–15. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  6. ↑ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
  7. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  8. ↑ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=PEP_2011_PEPANNRES
  9. 1 2 3 Jamestown City Charter
  10. ↑ Jamestown Evening Journal (April 4, 1900) at Fulton History
  11. ↑ Jamestown Evening Journal (April 10, 1906) at Fulton History
  12. ↑ Jamestown Evening Journal (March 6, 1906) at Fulton History
  13. ↑ Jamestown Evening Journal (January 1, 1934) at Fulton Hustory
  14. 1 2 Jamestown Evening Journal (November 3, 1937) at Fulton Hustory
  15. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (November 15, 1951) at Fulton History
  16. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (January 9, 1954) at Fulton History
  17. 1 2 Jamestown Post-Journal (January 8, 1956) at Fulton History
  18. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (October 25, 1955) at Fulton History
  19. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (January 2, 1962) at Fulton History
  20. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (November 8, 1961) at Fulton History
  21. 1 2 Jamestown Post-Journal (September 23, 1963) at Fulton History
  22. ↑ Jamestown Post-Journal (January 2, 1964) at Fulton History
  23. ↑ 20Carlson/76-3-15.pdf Carlson To Be Sworn In As Mayor of Jamestown
  24. ↑ Carlson Blasts Ahlstrom
  25. ↑ Nineteen Candidates Emerge for Library District Board
  26. ↑ "About the Mayor". City of Jamestown Website.
  27. ↑ "City Council Members". City of Jamestown Website. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
  28. ↑
  29. ↑ Roger Tory Peterson Institute of Natural History
  30. ↑ "It's time to say goodbye to the Jamestown Jammers". auburnpub.com. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  31. ↑ Jamestown World Series Central
  32. ↑ Leet, Mert (Fall 2004). "One Day at . . . Mayville, N.Y.". Classic Trains Magazine. p. 72.
  33. ↑ "Frequently Asked Lucy-Desi Questions". The Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center, Inc. Retrieved 2009-05-12.

Sources

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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