Kaiyō No.1-class oceanographic research ship

Class overview
Kaiyō No. 1 in 1939
Name:	200-ton oceanographic research ship
Builders:	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Shimonoseki shipyard
Operators:	Ministry of the Navy of Japan Ministry of Transport Japan Maritime Safety Agency
Preceded by:	Tenkai No. 1 as IJN
Succeeded by:	JCG Kaiyō as JMSA
Built:	1939–1943
In commission:	1938–1964
Planned:	6
Completed:	6
Lost:	5
Retired:	1
General characteristics
Type:	Oceanographic research ship
Displacement:	200 long tons (203 t) gross ^[1] 277 long tons (281 t) standing ^[1]
Length:	37.0 m (121 ft 5 in) overall ^[1]
Beam:	6.8 m (22 ft 4 in) ^[1]
Draught:	2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) ^[2]
Draft:	3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) ^[1]
Propulsion:	1 × intermediate diesel,^[3] single shaft, 400 bhp ^[1]
Speed:	11 knots (13 mph; 20 km/h) ^[2]
Range:	7,000 nmi (13,000 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h)^[4]
Complement:	44 in 1944^[5]
Armament:	^[3] Type 93 13 mm AA gun Type 92 7.7 mm machine gun some depth charges

The Kaiyō No. 1-class oceanographic research ship (第一海洋型海洋観測船,, Daiichi Kaiyō-gata Kaiyō-kansokusen) was a class of oceanographic research ship/weather ship of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), serving during World War II. The IJN official designation was 200-ton oceanographic research ship (二〇〇瓲海洋観測船,, 200-ton Kaiyō-kansokusen).

Construction

In 1938, the IJN wanted to investigate the weather and ocean current in a potential future battlefield. Kaiyō No. 1-class ships were built for the purpose. The IJN made Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institute San'yō Maru a sample for the Kaiyō No. 1. All ships were deployed in the Hydrographic Department, and they were direct controlled from the Naval Ministry. Therefore, being government ships, they raised civil ensign, not the naval ensign. The crew were civil servants except for several warrant officers.

All sister ships were built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries at Shimonoseki shipyard.

Ships in classes

Ship	Laid down	Launched	Completed	Fate
Kaiyō No. 1 (第一海洋,, Daiichi Kaiyō)	1 March 1939	1 July 1939	9 October 1939	Sunk by air raid off Derawan Island 02°18′N 118°15′E / 2.300°N 118.250°E / 2.300; 118.250^[6] on 19 October 1944.
Kaiyō No. 2 (第二海洋,, Daini Kaiyō)	1 July 1939	4 October 1939	23 December 1939	Sunk by Hr. Ms. Zwaardvisch off Rembang 06°30′S 111°35′E / 6.500°S 111.583°E / -6.500; 111.583^[7] on 15 October 1944.
Kaiyō No. 3 (第三海洋,, Daisan Kaiyō)	3 March 1941	22 October 1941	17 June 1942	Missing in action in late 1944; removed from naval ship list on 29 October 1944.
Kaiyō No. 4 (第四海洋,, Daiyon Kaiyō)	23 May 1941	20 January 1942	17 July 1942	Survived war at Uraga;^[8] transferred to Ministry of Transport on 29 November 1945; transferred to Maritime Safety Agency on 1 May 1948 (hull number HG-01, later HM-01); renamed Kaiyō Maru No. 4 (第四海洋丸,, Daiyon Kaiyō Maru) on 20 October 1949; renamed Kaiyō (海洋) on 15 December 1956; retired on 26 March 1964.
Kaiyō No. 5 (第五海洋,, Daigo Kaiyō)	6 April 1942	12 November 1942	28 February 1943	Survived war at Kasaoka;^[8] transferred to Ministry of Transport on 29 November 1945; transferred to Maritime Safety Agency on 1 May 1948 (hull number HG-02, later HM-02); renamed Kaiyō Maru No. 5 (第五海洋丸,, Daigo Kaiyō Maru) on 20 October 1949; sunk by jets of water and tephra^[9] from the eruption of Myōjin-shō on 24 September 1952; struck on 27 April 1953.
Kaiyō No. 6 (第六海洋,, Dairoku Kaiyō)	6 April 1942	12 December 1942	31 March 1943	Sunk by USS Gabilan off Muroto 32°50′N 134°21′E / 32.833°N 134.350°E / 32.833; 134.350 on 31 October 1944.

Photos

Kaiyō No. 2
Kaiyō No. 2 (bird's‐eye view)
Kaiyō No. 6 in 1943
JCG Kaiyō Maru No. 4 (ex-Kaiyō No. 4) in 1950s
JCG Kaiyō Maru No. 5 (ex-Kaiyō No. 5) in 1950s
JCG Kaiyō (ex-Kaiyō No. 4)

Footnotes

1 2 3 4 5 6 Monthly Ships of the World (2003), p. 52
1 2 Jirō Kimata (1999), p. 338–339
1 2 Jirō Kimata (1999), p. 331–333
↑ Shizuo Fukui (1994), second separate volume p. 925
↑ JACAR C08030773600, p. 10–13
↑ JACAR C08030773600, p. 4
↑ JACAR C08030773600, p. 26
1 2 JACAR C08011043700, p. 2
↑ "bayonnaise Rocks Volcano" at volcanodiscovery.com (retrieved 10 October 2012)

Bibliography

Monthly Ships of the World No.613, Special issue "All ships of Japan Coast Guard 1948–2003", "Kaijinsha". , (Japan), July 2003
Jirō Kimata, Introductory book of the Japanese small vessels, Kōjinsha (Japan), December 1999
30 year History of Japan Maritime Safety Agency, Policy and Legal Affairs Division-Japan Maritime Safety Agency (JMSA), May 1979
75 year History of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-Shimonoseki shipyard, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries-Shimonoseki shipyard, 1964
Shizuo Fukui, FUKUI SHIZUO COLLECTION "Japanese Naval Vessels 1869–1945", KK Bestsellers (Japan), December 1994
"Japan Center for Asian Historical Records (JACAR)". , National Archives of Japan
- Reference code: C08011043700, Ships and boats list
- Reference code: C08030773600, Data relevant to Daiichi-Kaiyo-maru (No.1) and Daini-Kaiyo-maru (No.2), October 1944

Japanese auxiliary ship classes of World War II

Colliers and oilers	Notoro Ondo Sunosaki Ashizuri Kazahaya^S Hayasui^S Hario^S Muroto Teiyō Maru^S Ōse (ex-Dutch tanker Genota)^SC

Food supply ships	Mamiya^S Nosaki^S Kinesaki Irako^S Kurasaki^SC

Landing ships	No.1 No.101 Shinshū Maru^S (Army) SS (Army)

Armed merchant cruisers	Aikoku Maru^S Kongō Maru^S Noshiro Maru^S

Minelayers and cable layer	Tokiwa^SC Itsukushima^S Yaeyama^S Okinoshima^S Tsugaru^S Minoo^SC Shirataka^S Hatsutaka Tsubame Natsushima (1933) Sokuten (1938) Hirashima Ajiro^S Kamishima Hashima Sokuten (1913) Aux. No.1 Aux. No.101 (ex-HMS Barlight)^SC

Minesweepers	No.1 (1923) No.5 (1928) No.13 No.17 No.7 (1938) No.19 No.101 (ex-HMS Taitam and HMS Waglan)^C Aux. No.1 Aux. No.101 (ex-HNLMS DEFG-class) Aux. No.104 (ex-HNLMS DEFG-class)

Patrol boats	No.1^C No.31^C No.46^SC No.101 (ex-HMS Thracian)^SC No.102 (ex-USS Stewart)^SC No.103 (ex-USS Finch)^SC No.104 (ex-Dutch East Indies Valk and Arend)^C No.105 (ex-Philippine customs Arayat)^SC No.106 (ex-HNLMS Banckert)^SCI No.107 (ex-USS Genesee)^SC No.109 (ex-Dutch East Indies Fazant)^SC Aux. No.1

Repair ships	Asahi^SC Akashi^S Hayase (ex-Chinese passenger Chin Kiang)^SC Hitonose (ex-ROCN Min Sheng)^SC

Seaplane tenders	Notoro Kamoi^SC Chitose Mizuho^S Nisshin^S Akitsushima^S Kamikawa Maru

Submarine chasers	No.1 No.3^S No.4 No.13 No.28 No.60 Aux. No.1 Aux. No.101 (ex-HNLMS Tjerimai)^SC Aux. No.102 (ex-HNLMS Ardjoeno class)^C Aux. No.103 (ex-HNLMS B1 class)^C Aux. No.111 (ex-HNLMS P13 or P14)^SC Aux. No.112 (ex-HNLMS A class)^C Aux. No.117 (ex-HNLMS Bantam)^C Aux. No.251 Aux. No.253^S

Submarine tenders	Komahashi^SC Jingei Taigei^S

Survey ships	Tsukushi^S Katsuriki^SC Hakusa (ex-China customs Fu Hsing)^SC

Target ships	Settsu^SC Yakaze^SC Hakachi^S Ōhama^S

Training ships	Fuji^SC Shikishima^SC Asama^SC Azuma^SC Kasuga^SC Atada (ex-ROCN Yat Sen)^SC

Others	Sōya (freighter)^SC Kashino (turret transporter)^S Ōtomari (icebreaker)^S Tategami (salvage tug) Kasashima (salvage tug) Miura (salvage tug) Kaiyō No.1 (oceanographic research ship) Asuka (traffic ship, ex-ROCN Yung Chien)^SC

S Single ship of class C Converted to ship type I Incomplete until the end of war

Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1952

Shipwrecks	10 Jan: Flying Enterprise 24 Jan: Arahura 18 Feb: Fort Mercer, Pendleton 5 Apr: Brattind, Buskøy, Pels, Ringsel, Vårglimt 26 Apr: USS Hobson 10 May: Chervona Ukraina 1 Sep: Derwentfield 4 Sep: Stream Fisher 7 Sep: Princess Kathleen 9 Sep: Niš 24 Sep: Kaiyō No. 5 28 Sep: La Sibylle 21 Nov: Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz 15 Dec: USNS Grommet Reefer, Shch-117 Unknown date: Buskø

Other incidents	9 Jan: Robin Doncaster 28 Jan: North Britain 30 Jan: MV Aqueity, Cutty Sark 18 Feb: CG 36500 19 Feb: Arkaba 25 Feb: Tynwald 12 Mar: Caronia 3 Apr: RFA Wave Ruler 26 Apr: USS Wasp April (unknown date): Esso Appalachee 7 May: SS Orcades 8 May: HMS Tenacious 21 May: ROKS Apnok, USS Mount Baker Unknown date: USS Bugara, Southern Collins, USS Whitehurst

1951 1953

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