Katherine Harris

For other people named Katherine Harris, see Katherine Harris (disambiguation).
Katherine Harris
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Florida's 13th district
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Preceded by Dan Miller
Succeeded by Vern Buchanan
Secretary of State of Florida
In office
January 5, 1999 – August 2, 2002
Governor Jeb Bush
Preceded by Sandra Mortham
Succeeded by James Smith
Member of the Florida Senate
from the 24th district
In office
1994–1998
Preceded by Jim Boczar
Succeeded by Lisa Carlton
Personal details
Born (1957-04-05) April 5, 1957
Key West, Florida, U.S.
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Anders Ebbeson (1996–2013)
Alma mater Agnes Scott College
Harvard University
Religion Evangelicalism

Katherine Harris (born April 5, 1957) is a politician, elected in 1998 as Secretary of State of Florida and in 2002 to the United States House of Representatives from Florida. A Republican, Harris won the 2002 election to represent Florida's 13th congressional district, serving for two terms, from 2003 to 2007. Harris lost her campaign in 2006 for a United States Senate seat from Florida.

In 1994 Harris was noted for the most expensive campaign for the Florida Senate to date, winning her seat that year in her entry into electoral politics. As Secretary of State of Florida, she conducted a purge of voter rolls, which was found to have dropped numerous eligible voters shortly before the 2000 presidential election. That year Harris gained national attention for her role in the Florida election recount, certifying George W. Bush's narrow victory over Al Gore and awarding him the Florida electors, which gained him the national election.

Background and personal life

Harris was born in Key West, Florida to one of the state's wealthiest and most politically influential families. [1] She is the daughter of Harriet (Griffin) and George W. Harris, Jr., who owned Citrus and Chemical Bank in Lakeland, Florida.[2][3] Her maternal grandfather was Ben Hill Griffin, Jr., a successful businessman in the citrus and cattle industries and a powerful figure in the state legislature. Shortly before his death in 1990, he was ranked as the 261st richest American on the Forbes 400 list.[4] Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at the University of Florida is named for him.[5]

Harris' extended family has been active in Christian evangelism.[6] Her grandfather was a Christian missionary in Africa, while her aunt and uncle were missionaries in India. They now head the Arab World Missions.[6] Harris studied under Dr. Francis Schaeffer at a L’Abri Fellowship International center. Harris attended Greystone, an all-girls Christian camp at Asheville, North Carolina. She has said her faith is “the most important thing in my life.”[6] Harris was reared in the Presbyterian Church in America, but as an adult, she has criticized the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) for being "more liberal."[6] She attends Calvary Chapel, a non-denominational charismatic church in Sarasota, Florida.[6]

Harris married Swedish businessman Sven Anders Axel Ebbeson in 1996 and has one stepdaughter, Louise. Sven Ebbeson committed suicide in November 2013.[7]

Education and career

Harris graduated from Bartow High School in Bartow, Florida, in 1975. She attended the University of Madrid in 1978. Harris received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Agnes Scott College in Decatur, Georgia, in 1979. She studied under Christian theologian Francis Schaeffer at the L'Abri community in Huemoz, Switzerland, near Lausanne. While in college she worked as an intern for U.S. Representative Andy Ireland.

Before entering politics, Harris worked as a marketing executive at IBM and a vice president of a commercial real estate firm.[8]

Nearly two decades after graduation, Harris earned a mid-career M.P.A. from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government in 1997 with a concentration in international trade.[9]

Political career

Harris joined the Republican Party. She ran for the Florida Senate in 1994 in one of the most expensive state races in Florida history to date. Harris's political career was guided by Dan Berger, Adam Goodman, and Benjamin McKay, along with her campaign manager, David Lapides.

Florida Senate and Riscorp

Harris played a prominent role in introducing William Griffin (with whom she had a close personal relationship), the CEO of Riscorp, to various Florida legislators. In the 1994 state senate election, Sarasota-based Riscorp, Inc. made illegal contributions totaling $400,000 to dozens of political candidates and committees,[10] including $20,600 to the Harris campaign.[11]

Two years later, in 1996, Harris sponsored a bill "to block Riscorp competitors from getting a greater share of Florida workers' compensation market, [and] also pushed a proposal that would hurt a particular competitor."[10] This issue later emerged during her campaign for Florida Secretary of State in 1998.

William Griffin, eventually pled guilty to illegal campaign donations, among allegations of other serious wrongdoing at Riscorp, and served prison time in 1998. The election of Republican Jeb Bush as governor of Florida is considered to have been a major factor in stopping further state investigation into the Riscorp scandal. According to a Sun-Herald column from June 2005, "Harris denied any knowledge of the scheme, was never charged with any crime and was cleared of wrongdoing by a state investigator."[12]

Secretary of State

Harris was elected Florida Secretary of State in 1998. She defeated then-incumbent Sandra Mortham in the Republican primary, and won the general election against Democratic candidate, Karen Gievers, an attorney from Miami.[13][14]

International travel

During her first 22 months in office, Harris spent more than $106,000 for travel, more than the governor or any other cabinet officer. She visited eight countries on ten foreign trips, which included Iran, India, and the Netherlands.

In early 2001, Florida Senate leaders eliminated the $3.4 million that Harris had budgeted for international relations for the year, assigning it instead to Enterprise Florida, the state's economic development agency. But Florida House Leader Tom Feeney said that he disagreed with the Senate and believed that Harris was an able advocate to foreign countries. After the House refused to agree with the proposed budget action, the Senate agreed to restore the money. But, it insisted on a review committee, appointed by Senate President John McKay, Feeney, and governor Jeb Bush, to evaluate all of Harris's expenditures on international affairs since July 1, 1999, and produce a report.[15]

Purge of voters

Harris conducted a purge of voters in Florida prior to the 2000 presidential election; this purge has been found to have removed both eligible and ineligible voters. Harris, along with state Division of Elections director Clay Roberts and Governor Jeb Bush, used an inaccurate ineligible-voter list. This action resulted in eliminating a disproportionate number of African-American eligible voters from Florida voter rolls. According to journalist Jake Tapper, the problem went uncorrected for two years despite the warnings and complaints of elections supervisor Ion Sancho. As African Americans in Florida have strongly supported Democratic candidates since the late 20th century, the suppression of their ability to vote resulted in reducing likely votes for Democratic candidate Al Gore in the state and enabling the extremely narrow win by George W. Bush in the 2000 presidential election.[16]

2000 US presidential election

As Secretary of State for the State of Florida (and co-chair of George W. Bush's election efforts in Florida), Harris was a central figure in the 2000 US presidential election in Florida. The election between Al Gore and George W. Bush was so close in Florida, separated by 537 votes, that a recount of the votes was called for.

After several recounts were inconclusive and the laws governing recounts were unclear, Harris halted the recounting process. She certified that the Republican candidate, then-Texas Governor George W. Bush, had defeated the Democratic candidate, then-Vice President Al Gore, in the popular vote of Florida and thus certified the Republican slate of electors. This victory in Florida allowed Bush to win the election. Her ruling was upheld in the state circuit court, but was subsequently overturned on appeal by the Florida Supreme Court.

The Florida Supreme Court decision was reversed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Bush v. Gore. (2000) In a per curiam decision, by a 7-2 vote, the Court in Bush v. Gore held that the Florida Supreme Court's method for recounting ballots was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. By a 5–4 vote, the US Supreme Court held that no alternative method for a recount could be established within the time limits set by the State of Florida.

The decision allowed Harris' previous certification of Bush as the winner of Florida's electoral votes to stand. Florida's 25 electoral votes gave Bush, the Republican candidate, 271 electoral votes, defeating Gore, who ended up with 266 electoral votes (with one D.C. elector abstaining).

Harris later published Center of the Storm, her memoir of the 2000 election controversy.

United States Congresswoman

In 2002, Harris ran against Sarasota Attorney Jan Schneider for the congressional district vacated by retiring Republican Rep. Dan Miller, winning by 10 percentage points in this solidly Republican district-and a victory helped with one of the biggest first term campaign fund raising efforts in the history of this district and substantial support from the Bush family.

Harris considered running for the seat of retiring Senator Bob Graham in 2004 but was reportedly dissuaded by the Bush White House to allow Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Mel Martinez to run instead. Martinez went on to narrowly beat challenger Betty Castor. Harris ran for re-election to her House seat in 2004; she was re-elected with a margin almost identical to her first win.[17]

In a 2004 speech in Venice, Florida, Harris claimed that a "Middle Eastern" man was arrested for attempting to blow up the power grid in Carmel, Indiana;[18] Carmel Mayor James Brainard and a spokesman for Indiana Gov. Joe Kernan said they had no knowledge of such a plot. Brainard said he had never spoken to Harris.[19]

During a 2004 campaign stop in Sarasota, a local resident, Barry Seltzer, "tr[ied] to 'intimidate' a group of Harris supporters" by menacing Harris and her supporters with his automobile. Witnesses described Seltzer as having swerved off the road and onto the sidewalk, directing it at Harris and her supporters. Nobody was injured in the incident. Seltzer, who claimed he was "exercising [his] political expression," was eventually arrested and charged with assault with a deadly weapon.[20]

MZM incident

In 2005 and 2006, a major corporate campaign donor to Harris, Mitchell Wade (founder of defense contractor MZM), was implicated in several bribery scandals. Wade had bundled together and donated to Harris's campaign $32,000 in contributions from his employees at MZM, Inc., then reimbursed those employees for the contributions.[21] Regarding this issue, U.S. Attorney Kenneth Wainstein said that Harris did not appear to know the donations were obtained illegally.[21] Harris has maintained she had no personal knowledge that her campaign was given illegal contributions. Wade acknowledged that the donations to the Harris campaign were illegal and were part of an attempt to influence Harris to MZM's benefit.[22]

Documents filed with Wade's plea say that he took Harris to dinner in March 2005, a year after the illegal contributions, where they discussed the possibility of another fundraiser and the possibility of getting funding for a Navy counterintelligence program placed in Harris's district.[23] Harris sent a letter on April 26, 2005 to defense appropriations subcommittee Chairman C. W. Bill Young, in which Harris sought $10 million for a Navy project backed by Wade.[24] In the letter, Harris emphasized the importance of the project, asking that it be added to her list of five priorities and identifying it as her new No. 3. Harris later released the April 26, 2005 letter for legal scrutiny, but neither she nor Young would turn over the request form (RFP) used for the proposal.[24]

CQPolitics noted "Harris’s former political strategist, Ed Rollins, spoke on the record about the dinner and detailed a meal that cost $2,800, far in excess of the $50 limit on gifts that members of Congress are allowed to accept" at the Washington restaurant Citronelle.[25] Wade and Harris discussed MZM's desire for a $10 million appropriation, and Wade offered to host a fundraiser for Harris's 2006 Senate campaign. Regarding the MZM contributions, the Sentinel article goes on to say "The Justice Department has said Wade, who personally handed many of the checks to Harris, did not tell Harris the contributions were illegal". Regarding the expensive meal, the article quotes Harris as saying that she personally had only a "beverage and appetizer" worth less than "$100".

Rollins said that he had conducted a thorough internal investigation into Harris's ties to MZM in hopes of finding conclusive proof of her innocence; but when he could not, he and other advisers, including her lawyer, urged her to drop her candidacy rather than risk federal corruption charges. Although he did not believe Harris intentionally broke any laws, "her story kept changing. Our great concern was that you get into trouble when you don't tell the same story twice ... Maybe you don't think you did anything wrong, but then maybe you start getting questioned about it and so forth, and you may perjure yourself. ... Unlike Cunningham, I don't think she set out to violate the law, but I think she was very careless. She heard whatever she wanted to hear, but we could find no evidence whatsoever that this was a project going into her district."[26]

Although Rollins recalled discussing the $2,800 meal with Harris, Harris told the Orlando Sentinel on April 19, 2006, that the cost of the meal was "news to me", and that her campaign had since "reimbursed" the restaurant for the cost of the meal. According to the reporter, when questioned as to why she would reimburse the restaurant for a meal that had been paid for by MZM, Harris abruptly terminated the interview, and her spokesman later called and requested unsuccessfully that the story not be printed. The next day, Harris's campaign issued a statement that she had believed her campaign had reimbursed the restaurant, and that she had donated $100 "which will more than adequately compensate for the cost of my beverage and appetizer".[27] Harris also asserted that most of the cost of the meal was from Wade ordering several unopened bottles of wine to take home, although the management of the restaurant denies ever allowing anyone to take unopened bottles of wine off the premises, saying "Why would we jeopardize our liquor license for the sake of selling a couple bottles of wine?"[26]

In the weeks following the expensive meal, former senior Harris staffers claimed that "they initially rejected a defense contractor's $10 million appropriation request last year but reversed course after being instructed by Harris to approve it."[28] In May 2006, Harris's campaign spokesman Christopher Ingram acknowledged that she had also had a previous dinner with Wade in the same restaurant in March 2004, when the $32,000 in illegal donations had been given to her campaign. Ingram told the press that he did not know how much that meal cost, but that a charitable donation of an unknown amount had been given to a charity whose name he did not know, equivalent to her share of the meal. "She takes responsibility for the oversight that there was no reimbursement," he said.[26]

Mona Tate Yost, an aide to Harris, left to work for MZM during the time Wade was pressing Harris to secure federal funding (April or May 2005).[29] On July 17, 2006, Ed Rollins confirmed that Justice Department lawyers and FBI agents had recently questioned her about the $32,000 in donations. Rollins noted: "I assume more [interviews] will be coming, though. They were very serious."[30] On September 7, 2006, Federal investigators questioned Jim Dornan, who quit as Harris's campaign manager the previous November.[31]

2006 Senate race

Overview

On June 7, 2005, with support from her new campaign advisors of Ed Rollins and Jim Dornan, Harris announced her candidacy for the 2006 Florida United States Senate election, challenging Democratic incumbent Bill Nelson. Both lackluster fundraising relative to Nelson and controversy over campaign contributions from MZM caused Harris to fall far behind in all polls by May 2006. Late in the primary race, Republican contender Will McBride polled only 31 points behind Nelson in a hypothetical election against him, while Harris polled 33 points behind Nelson in the same poll. Harris was still popular among Republican voters and won the September 5 primary over McBride and two other challengers with approximately 50% of the total vote.[32]

Despite Harris's support of many Republican causes and her previous statewide victories, some party leaders expressed doubt about her statewide appeal:

Nelson defeated Harris by more than one million votes. Harris received less than 39% of the vote.

By late July 2006, she had gone through three campaign managers and her campaign was floundering. At that time, it was disclosed that state Republican Party leaders had told Harris they would not support her because she could not win in the general election.

Financial problems plagued her Senate campaign from the start. During the primary, it was clear that the incumbent Senator Nelson had a substantial financial advantage.

On the March 15, 2006, edition of Fox News Channel's Hannity & Colmes, Harris pledged to spend $10 million of her own money, which she said was all of her inheritance, on her campaign. She also stated that her run was dedicated to the memory of her father.[38]

Despite her promise, the $10 million never materialized. Reports surfaced that Harris would not actually receive the inheritance from her father, who instead left his entire estate to her mother. She donated $3 million to her campaign, but later took back $100,000, fueling speculation that she would be unable to donate the promised amount.[39]

In October, Harris announced that she was trying to sell her house in Washington to raise money for her campaign,[40] but the home was not publicly listed for sale and no sale was ever announced.

Staff resignations

In late February 2006, in the midst of revelations surrounding Mitchell Wade's illegal contributions, Harris's campaign finance director and her campaign treasurer both resigned.[41] On April 1, 2006 Harris's top campaign advisor, pollster and campaign manager all resigned with a half-dozen other staffers. Republican pollster and consultant David Johnson said, "I've never seen staffers go like this. It's just imploding."[42]

In early April 2006, Harris told the Tampa Tribune that some of her ex-campaign staffers and the national Republican party were deliberately sabotaging her campaign by "putting knives in her back" and had warned her that if she did not back out of the campaign, she would get an "April surprise".[43] Former campaign staffer Ed Rollins said "They were all good professionals...There was no backstabbing. It's insulting that she would even say that. If she wants to know what went wrong with the campaign, maybe she needs to take a good look in the mirror."[44]

In June, the Harris campaign received a legal bill for thousands of dollars that contained a reference to "DOJ subpoena". Later, an ex-aide told the Associated Press that Harris had received a grand jury subpoena from federal investigators, but kept it from her top advisers, prompting several staff members to quit when they found out.[45] On June 8, 2006, Harris's fourth chief of staff, Fred Asbell, left in order to pursue a "business opportunity". Asbell said he'd "greatly enjoyed" his time with the campaign and he would remain in a consultant position.[46] On July 12, 2006, Harris's campaign spokesman Chris Christopher Ingram left the campaign.[47] The next day he was followed by campaign manager Glenn Hodas, field director Pat Thomas, political director Brian Brooks and Deputy field director John K. Byers, who all resigned from her campaign.[48] Hodas cited Harris's "tantrums" and "increasingly erratic behavior" as his reasons for leaving.[49] An anonymous campaign worker described Harris as "very difficult to work with. The more that we put her out there, the more she shot herself in the foot."[50]

In late August, Harris lost another key staffer, Rhyan Metzler, in the wake of a disastrous political rally at Orlando Executive Airport. Only 40 people showed up for the event, and Harris blamed the paltry turnout in part on a last-minute change in location. She claimed that a tree fell on the hangar that was originally scheduled to hold the rally, forcing her campaign to switch to another hangar. Airport officials, however, stated that not only had no trees had fallen, but also that there are no trees as they get in the way of the airplanes; further adding that the event in fact took place in the hangar that Harris's campaign had originally booked. Harris's campaign blamed Metzler for the comments Harris made after the rally.[51] On August 31, 2006, Harris was interviewed on Hardball with Chris Matthews, where she responded to the criticisms from her former staffers with "We have their email traffic, we know what was behind all that, we know who's been paid and who isn't."[52]

Lack of Republican support

The Pensacola News Journal suggested that Harris might withdraw from the Senate race after winning a primary victory, thereby allowing the Republicans to nominate another candidate, such as Tom Gallagher, to run against Bill Nelson.[53]

In August, Katherine Harris touted political endorsements from fellow Republican lawmakers on her campaign web site. However, some of those cited claim that they never endorsed her. This conflict resulted in several Republican congressmen calling the Harris campaign to complain after the St. Petersburg Times notified them of the endorsements listed on Harris's Web site. A short time later, their names were removed without comment from Harris's Web site.[54]

Of Harris's three primary opponents, only Will McBride endorsed her candidacy for the general election. In the first few days after the primary, a number of Republican nominees such as Charlie Crist and Tom Lee went on a statewide unity tour with Gov. Bush. Harris was not invited; Republicans said the tour was only for nominees to statewide offices. Harris claimed Bush would campaign with her sometime in the two months before the election, but the governor's office denied this.[55]

President Bush did not make public appearances or private meetings with Harris before the primary. He did, however, appear with her at a fundraiser on September 21 in Tampa.

When it came time for newspapers to make their op-ed endorsements, all 22 of Florida's major daily newspapers supported Senator Nelson. The only endorsement Harris received was from the Polk County Democrat, a newspaper in Bartow which publishes four days out of the week.[56]

Controversy over religion

Harris was a headline speaker at the Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church's "Reclaiming America for Christ" conference held in Ft. Lauderdale on March 17–18, 2006. The conference web site invited attendees to attend in order to "reclaim this nation for Christ."[57] The stated mission of ReclaimAmerica.org is "To inform, equip, motivate, and support Christians; enabling them to defend and implement the Biblical principles on which our country was founded."[58] As part of her speech, Harris urged conferees to "win back America for God." Her appearance was noted in a Rolling Stone article covering the conference.[59]

In an interview with the Florida Baptist Witness on August 24, 2006, Harris called for Christians to vote on religious lines. She said,

“ We have to have the faithful in government and over time, that lie we have been told, the separation of church and state, people have internalized, thinking that they needed to avoid politics and that is so wrong because God is the one who chooses our rulers. And if we are the ones not actively involved in electing those godly men and women and if people aren’t involved in helping godly men in getting elected then we’re going to have a nation of secular laws. That’s not what our founding fathers intended and that’s certainly isn’t what God intended. … we need to take back this country. … And if we don’t get involved as Christians then how could we possibly take this back? …If you are not electing Christians, tried and true, under public scrutiny and pressure, if you’re not electing Christians then in essence you are going to legislate sin. They can legislate sin. They can say that abortion is alright. They can vote to sustain gay marriage. And that will take western civilization, indeed other nations because people look to our country as one nation as under God and whenever we legislate sin and we say abortion is permissible and we say gay unions are permissible, then average citizens who are not Christians, because they don’t know better, we are leading them astray and it’s wrong.[6] ”

Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-FL) said she was "disgusted" by the comments "and deeply disappointed in Representative Harris personally,” adding "clearly shows that she does not deserve to be a representative."[60] Two of Harris’ primary opponents denounced her statements, Republican Will McBride (an attorney and son of a pastor) stated “I’m a Christian, and I’m a Republican, and I don’t share her views. There are people of other faiths and backgrounds of outstanding integrity who know how to tell the truth.” Real estate developer Peter Monroe, another GOP primary opponent, called on her to quit the race and resign from Congress. He called her suggestion that non-Christian voters are ignorant of morality when voting as “contemptible, arrogant and wicked.”[61]

On August 26, 2006, Harris's campaign released a "Statement of Clarification", that stated, “In the interview, Harris was speaking to a Christian audience, addressing a common misperception that people of faith should not be actively involved in government. Addressing this Christian publication, Harris provided a statement that explains her deep grounding in Judeo-Christian values."[61] The press release went on to mention her past support of Israel and quoted her Jewish campaign manager Bryan G. Rudnick, who stated “As the grandson of Holocaust survivors, I know that she encourages people of all faiths to engage in government so that our country can continue to thrive on the principles set forth by our founding fathers, without malice towards anyone.”[61] At an appearance at an Orlando gun show that same day, she said "it breaks my heart" to think people understood her comments as bigoted. When asked if she thought the Founding Fathers intended the nation to have secular laws she replied,

“ I think that our laws, I mean, I look at how the law originated, even from Moses, the Ten Commandments. And I don't believe, that uh…. That's how all of our laws originated in the United States, period. I think that's the basis of our rule of law."[61] ”

On October 3, 2006, Harris participated in a prayer service via phone call and stirred even more controversy. In one instance, she called for the elimination of the separation of church and state when she said,

“ Treat the pastors' hearts so that those who think there's no place for government, have them understand kingdom government, and how they need to be involved in the governance on this earth because God is our governance. ”

Harris then went on and called for Jews to be converted to Christianity.

“ And Father God, right now on the day after the Jewish new year, Father, after the day after atonement, as they enter into their new year, Father God, I just pray that you would bring the hearts and minds of our Jewish brothers and sisters into alignment.[62][63] ”

Replacements in the 13th Congressional District

Vern Buchanan was the Republican nominee and Christine Jennings the Democratic nominee to replace Harris in the 2006 election. The race had been ranked as "leaning Democratic" by CQ Politics, but Buchanan scored a very narrow victory, winning the election by a few hundred votes.

Political positions and voting record

Harris is a conservative Republican on most issues. She is pro-life and has voted against embryonic stem cell research. She opposes oil-drilling in Florida's coastal waters. Harris supported reforming Social Security to include private accounts. She has voted in favor of granting legal status to fetuses via the Unborn Victims of Violence Act. She supports tax cuts and the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act, which restricts bankruptcy filings by consumers. Harris is also in favor of welfare reform, school vouchers, the Patriot Act, the Flag Desecration Amendment, the Federal Marriage Amendment, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[64] In a televised debate with Nelson on November 1, however, she repeatedly declined to say whether she would still support the Iraq War Resolution knowing that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction.[65] In an earlier debate with Nelson, Harris was asked to comment on trade of arms with foreign nations and the potential threat of their acquisition by terrorist groups. Harris responded that "we know we don't want to have arms going to the rogue nations like China."[66]

In popular culture

Katherine Harris was the subject of some popular skits on Saturday Night Live, in which she was played by Ana Gasteyer; she was also portrayed by actress Laura Dern in the 2008 film Recount, which won Dern a Golden Globe for the role. Harris is also referenced in one of filmmaker Kevin Smith's monologues for the DVD An Evening with Kevin Smith 2: Evening Harder.

References

  1. ↑ "The Woman in Charge". CBS News. November 15, 2000.
  2. ↑ Follick, Joe (July 22, 2001). "Tracks in Florida's Sand", Tampa Tribune.
  3. ↑ , Orlando Sentinel, 17 August 2003
  4. ↑ Narvaez, Alfonso A. (March 2, 1990). "Ben Hill Griffin Jr., 79, is Dead; Leader in Florida Citrus Industry", The New York Times. Section A, Page 18, Column 4.
  5. ↑ Milbank, Dana; Becker, Jo (November 14, 2000). "Controversy swirls around Harris", Washington Post
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Katherine Harris". Florida Baptist Witness. August 24, 2006. Archived from the original on January 7, 2007. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
  7. ↑ Wallace, Jeremy (November 19, 2013). "Husband of Katherine Harris commits suicide, police say". Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014.
  8. ↑ "Katherine Harris' Biography". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved April 30, 2006.
  9. ↑ "Profile: Katherine Harris". NBCNews.com. National Journal Group Inc. 2012. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014.
  10. 1 2 Rado, Diane (August 25, 1998). "Harris backed bill aiding Riscorp", St. Petersburg Times.
  11. ↑ "Katherine Harris". NNDB. Retrieved April 30, 2006.
  12. ↑ Gleason, Brian (June 28, 2005). "Will Harris get dragged into finance scandal?". Sun and Weekly Herald. Archived from the original on January 1, 2007.
  13. ↑ George, Robert (November 4, 1998). "Last-minute Donations Boost Harris". Florida Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved December 30, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Katherine Harris". infoplease. Retrieved April 30, 2006.
  15. ↑ Morgan, Lucy (July 31, 2001). "Millions for Harris's trips under review", St. Petersburg Times.
  16. ↑ Tapper, Jake (2001). Down and Dirty, The Plot to Steal the Presidency, Warner Books. ISBN 0-316-83264-2.
  17. ↑ "Official General Election, Sarasota County, November 2, 2004". Sarasota County Supervisor of Elections Office. November 4, 2004. Archived from the original on August 17, 2008.
  18. ↑ Grace, Francie (August 5, 2004). "Katherine Harris 'Oops' On Terror". CBS News.
  19. ↑ Hackett, David (August 4, 2004). "Harris' words surprise officials". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014.
  20. ↑ "Man accused of trying to run down Rep. Katherine Harris". CNN. October 27, 2004.
  21. 1 2 Wallace, Jeremy (February 26, 2006). "Harris didn't tell all about donations". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  22. ↑ Wallace, Jeremy (February 26, 2006). "'Straw' Breaking Harris's Back". The Ledger. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
  23. ↑ Babcock, Charles R. (February 25, 2006). "Contractor Pleads Guilty to Corruption". The Washington Post.
  24. 1 2 Epstein, Keith (March 3, 2006). "Harris Shuns Spending Requests". Tampa Tribune. Archived from the original on June 28, 2006.
  25. ↑ McKinnon, John D. (May 10, 2006). "Katherine Harris Battles Old Friends For Florida's Keys". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  26. 1 2 3 Smith, Adam C. (May 21, 2006). "Briber paid for 2nd meal for Harris". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  27. ↑ Stratton, Jim (April 21, 2006). "Contractor picked up dinner tab for Harris". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 9, 2014.
  28. ↑ Stratton, Jim (May 4, 2006). "Contractor's deal was Harris priority, former staffers say". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011.
  29. ↑ Reiss, Cory; Wallace, Jeremy (March 1, 2006). "Ex-Harris Aide Linked to Convicted Contractor". The Ledger. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007.
  30. ↑ Stratton, Jim (July 18, 2006). "Feds query ex-adviser on Harris". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011.
  31. ↑ Kumar, Anita (September 9, 2006). "Feds interview Harris's ex-campaign manager". St. Petersburg Times.
  32. ↑ "Nelson Has 2 -1 Lead Over Harris, Any GOP Contender". Quinnipiac University. June 30, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  33. ↑ Kaczor, Bill (May 8, 2006). "Bush says Harris can't win". Herald Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  34. ↑ Royse, David (May 11, 2006). "Republican declines to run against Harris". Washington Post. Associated Press.
  35. ↑ "Common Cause Seeks Justice Probe of Harris". May 1, 2006. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  36. 1 2 Caputo, Marc (July 14, 2006). "Story of 'Joe's dead intern' began Harris's slide, insiders say". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on July 19, 2006.
  37. ↑ Kumar, Anita (May 11, 2006). "GOP can't elude Harris vs. Nelson". St. Petersburg Times.
  38. ↑ Wallace, Jeremy (March 16, 2006). "Harris in to win with her own $10M". Sarasota Herald-Tribune.
  39. ↑ Kumar, Anita (August 26, 2006). "Harris campaign awaits her cash". St. Petersburg Times.
  40. ↑ Schatz, Amy (October 18, 2006). "Harris Vows to Sell Home to Raise Cash for Campaign". "Washington Wire," Wall Street Journal.
  41. ↑ Follick, Joe (February 26, 2006). "Setback for Harris campaign is latest of several rough spots". Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  42. ↑ Weisenmiller, Mark (September 22, 2006). "Katharine Harris of La Mancha". Albion Monitor. Inter Press Service.
  43. ↑ March, William; Epstein, Keith (April 4, 2006). "Questions Dog Harris Behavior". Tampa Tribune. Archived from the original on June 26, 2006.
  44. ↑ Wallace, Jeremy (April 4, 2006). "Harris campaign 'bleeding' continues". Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  45. ↑ Farrington, Brendan (August 2, 2006). "Ex-Aide Says Harris Hid Subpoena". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  46. ↑ Stratton, Jim (June 8, 2006). "Harris loses 4th chief of staff". Orlando Sentinel.
  47. ↑ "More trouble for Harris?". Tampa Bay Times. July 12, 2006. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
  48. ↑ Wallace, Jeremey (July 14, 2006). "Five staffers leave Harris campaign". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  49. ↑ Farrington, Brendan (July 14, 2006). "Another Harris Campaign Staffer Quits". Associated Press. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
  50. ↑ "Harris Campaign Staff Quits (Again)". Political Wire. February 26, 2006. Archived from the original on November 27, 2007.
  51. ↑ "Harris loses another staffer". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  52. ↑ "Video: Katherine Harris claims 'a wave of support' for Senate bid". The Raw Story. August 31, 2006. Archived from the original on November 27, 2007.
  53. ↑ Wheeler, Larry (July 26, 2006). "Harris win could pose bizarre twist. Some speculate on primary victory followed by withdrawal from Senate race". Pensacola News-Journal. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014.
  54. ↑ Kumar, Anita (August 17, 2006). "Backing Harris? Her list shortens". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  55. ↑ Stratton, Jim; Sashin, Daphne (September 9, 2006). "Harris, GOP differ on Jeb Bush commitment". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011.
  56. ↑ Joyner, James (October 30, 2006). "Katherine Harris 0–22 in Florida Newspaper Endorsements". Outside the Beltway. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013.
  57. ↑ "Coral Ridge Ministries". Reclaimamerica.org. Archived from the original on March 18, 2006. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  58. ↑ "Coral Ridge Ministries". Reclaimamerica.org. Archived from the original on February 2006. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  59. ↑ Moser, Bob (April 7, 2005). "The Crusaders". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 18, 2008.
  60. ↑ Stratton, Jim (August 26, 2006). "Rep. Harris Condemns Separation of Church, State". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
  61. 1 2 3 4 Marus, Robert (August 28, 2006). "Katherine Harris tries to quell furor over remarks in Baptist newspaper". Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
  62. ↑ March, William (November 4, 2006). "Harris' Prayer Call Stirs Concerns". Tampa Tribune. Archived from the original on November 26, 2007.
  63. ↑ Pareene, Alex (November 6, 2006). "Katherine Harris Prays For the Realignment of the Chosen People". wonkette.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  64. ↑ "Katherine Harris Voting Record". issues2002.org. Archived from the original on June 29, 2007.
  65. ↑ Hoar, Jennifer (November 2, 2006). "Harris Pressed On WMD Issue In Fla. Debate". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
  66. ↑ "Katherine Harris during the debate". Retrieved October 25, 2008.

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Political offices
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United States House of Representatives
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