National University of Kharkiv
Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна | |
Latin: Universitas Charkoviensis | |
Motto | Cognoscere, Docere, Erudire |
---|---|
Motto in English | To learn, to educate, to enlighten |
Type | Public university |
Established | 1804 |
President | Vil S. Bakirov |
Academic staff | 1,300 |
Students | 15,000 |
Postgraduates | 500 |
Location | Kharkiv, Ukraine |
Colors | Blue and White |
Affiliations | IAU, EUA |
Website | univer.kharkov.ua |
The University of Kharkiv (Ukrainian: Харківський університет) or officially the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukrainian: Харківський національний університет імені В. Н. Каразіна) is one of the major universities in Ukraine, and earlier in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. It was founded in 1804 through the efforts of Vasily Karazin becoming the second oldest university in modern-day Ukraine after the University of Lviv.
History
Russian Empire
On 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1805, the Decree on the Opening of the Imperial University in Kharkiv came into force. The university became the second university in the south of the Russian Empire. It was founded on the initiative of the local community with Vasyly Karazin at the fore, whose idea was supported by the nobility and the local authorities. Count Severin Pototski was appointed the first supervisor of the university, the first rector being the philologist Ivan Ryzhski.
In 1811, the Philotechnical Society was founded, while the Mathematical Society of Kharkiv, the Historical and Philological Society of Kharkiv, the Naturalists Society, Societies of Physics, Chemistry, Law, among others, were established in the second half of the 19th century. The first periodicals in Slobozhanshchyna appear in the university around this time, including "Kharkovski Ezhenedelnik" (1812), "Ukrainski Vestnik" (1816—1819), "Ukrainski Zhurnal" (1824—1825), etc.
In 1839, a veterinary school, which, in 1851, became an independent institute, was established within the university. By this time, the university campus also included laboratories, clinics, an astronomical observatory, a botanical garden and a library.
Previously, the university was autonomous with rectors being elected. However, from 1820 to 1850, all its activity was strictly controlled. Rectors were appointed by the Minister of Education, while scientific publications and academic processes were censored.
In 1863, under a new Statute , the university became partly autonomous.
The university has been publishing "Scientific Notes" since 1874.
From the 19th century up to the early 20th century, the University of Kharkiv had 4 schools: School of Physics and Mathematics, School of History and Philology, School of Medicine, School of Law.
The university exerted great influence on school-life in Slobozhanshchyna in the first period of its existence, largely from 1805 to 1835.
USSR
From 1917 to 1920, there was a struggle between advocates of the Ukrainian statehood and Russian course. Some of the professors who opposed new political realities left the university. Most of the Ukrainian professors remained in Kharkiv. They continued working in the institutions founded by the Soviet government: the Academy of Theoretical Knowledge (1920—1921), Kharkiv Institute of Public Education (KhIPE, 1921—1930), Kharkiv Institute of National Economy, Institute of Physics and Chemistry, and Institute of Law. Kharkiv State University, consisting of 7 schools: School of Physics and Mathematics, School of Chemistry, School of Biology, School of Geology and Geography, School of Literature and Linguistics (with Department of Philosophy), and School of Economy (with Department of Economic Geography) was restored on their basis in 1932—1933.
In 1921, Kharkiv Medical Institute was founded based on the School of Medicine of the University of Kharkiv.
In 1936, the university was named after the late Russian writer Maxim Gorky (though he was not related to the university during his life). During the German-Soviet war, it was evacuated to the city of Kizilord in Kazakhstan, where it merged with the Kiev University to form the United Ukrainian State University. In 1943/44, the university returned to Kharkiv (the first academic year after the liberation of the city on November 1, 1943). In 1951, 800 university students suffered from persecution after they refused to pass exams in Russian. Court trials were held behind closed doors.
In 1977, the following schools were operating within the University: School of Mechanics and Mathematics, School of Physics, School of Geology and Geography, School of Economy, School of History, School of Philology, School of Foreign Languages, School of General Sciences, School of Correspondence Learning, and Night School.
Independent Ukraine
On October 11, 1999, Leonid Kuchma, the President of Ukraine at that time issued a decree, in which he, "taking into consideration considerable contribution that Kharkiv State University made to training qualified specialists and to development of science" granted the status of a national university and named it after its founder – Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin.
In 2004, the University was given a twin building (the former Govorov Academy), located opposite Svobody square.
Campuses and buildings
- Main building
- Northern building
- Central Scientific Library
- Students’ Campus
Ranking
Under the Soviet Union, the University of Kharkiv was decorated the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of the October Revolution and the Order of Peoples' Friendship. According to the estimation of teaching quality, the university ranked seventh (Compass, in 2009) and fourth (Mirror Weekly, in 2007) in Ukraine. According to one of the world leading university rankings (Webometrics, in 2013), Kharkiv National University holds the fourth position among Ukrainian universities and the 1138th position in the world. In the field of management and economics the university took the eighth place, in the field of law - the ninth, in the field of engineering - the tenth, in information technology – the eighth place in Ukraine according to the rating of "Compass" in 2009. Kharkiv National University holds the second place in Ukraine in terms of volume of publications and citations in scientific database Scopus and the Hirsch index.
In 2014, according to University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP),[1] it is the second best university in Ukraine and 1362nd university in the world.
Units
Departments
- School of Biology
- School of Chemistry
- School of Computer Sciences
- School of Ecology
- School of Economics
- School of International Economic Relations and Tourism
- School of Foreign Languages
- School of Medicine
- School of Geology and Geography
- School of History
- School Mechanics and Mathematics
- School of Law
- School of Physics
- School of Philology
- School of Philosophy
- School of Psychology
- School of Physics and Energy
- School of Radiophysics
- School of Sociology
Institute of High Technologies
- Department of Physics and Technology
- Department of Computer Science
- Department of Energy Physics
Notable alumni and professors
Nobel prize winners
- Élie Metchnikoff (Medicine, 1908)
- Lev Landau (Physics, 1962)
- Simon Kuznets[2][3][4][5][6][7] (Economic Sciences,1971)
Others
- Aleksander Akhiezer (Pomeranchuk Prize, 1998)
- Naum Akhiezer
- Iryna Akimova
- Hryhory Alchevsky
- Mikhail Alekseyenko
- Shalva Aleksi-Meskhishvili
- Sergei Alexandrovsky
- Konstantin Andreev
- Sergey Andreevsky
- Dmytro Antonovych
- Vladimir Arnoldi
- Nikolai P. Barabashov
- Nikolay Beketov
- Sergei Natanovich Bernstein
- Miriam Bernstein-Cohen
- Peter Bezsonov
- Andriy Biletsky (politician)
- Dmytro Bilokolos
- Semyon Bogatyrev
- Alexander Bogdanov
- Larisa Bogoraz
- Edward Bormashenko
- Valentina Borok
- Levko Borovykovsky
- Olena Borysenko
- Semion Braude
- Maria Burmaka
- Boris Chichibabin
- Viacheslav Chirikba
- Eugene Chudnovsky
- Vasily Danilewsky
- Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
- Grygori N. Dolenko
- Johannes Albrecht Bernhard Dorn
- Marin Drinov
- Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson
- Ze'ev Ben Aryeh
- Jānis Endzelīns
- Joel Engel (composer)
- Oleksandr Feldman
- Vasily Fesenkov
- Aleksandr Filippov (philosopher)
- Oleg Fisunenko
- Eldar Gasanov
- Boris Gerasimovich
- Yakov Geronimus
- Grigol Giorgadze
- Arkady Gornfeld
- Aleksandr Gradovsky
- Dmitry Grave
- Nikolay Gredeskul
- Boris Grinyov
- Mikhail Gurevich
- Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu
- Alexandru Hâjdeu
- Oles Honchar
- Borys Hrinchenko
- Hryhoriy Hrynko
- Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov
- Ludwig Heinrich von Jakob
- John of Shanghai and San Francisco (St. John the Wonderworker)
- Kazimierz Andrzej Jaworski
- Dmitri Kachenovsky
- Mikhail Kadets
- Barbara Karinska (Academy Award for Best Costume Design, 1948)
- Lev Kasso
- Vladimir V. Kavrayskiy
- Mikhail Khalansky
- Alexander Khatisian
- Yuri Knorozov
- Yuriy Kolobov
- Anatoly Kondratenko
- Lev Kopelev
- Anton Korobov
- Nikolai Korotkov
- Arnold Kosevich
- Nikolay Kostomarov
- Viktoriya Koval
- Maksim Kovalevsky (in 1912 was nominated for a Nobel peace prize)
- Oleg Kozerod
- Ivan Krasnov
- Nikolai Krylenko
- Nikolai Kulchitsky
- Simon Kuznets (Nobel prize, Economic Sciences, 1971; Francis Walker Medal, 1977)
- Vilém Dušan Lambl
- Lev Landau (Nobel prize, Physics, 1962; Max Planck Medal, 1960)
- Nicolai Levashov
- Olga Levina (World Champion in International draughts)
- Veniamin Levich (Faraday Medal, 1977)
- Boris Levitan
- Evsei Liberman
- Ilya Lifshitz
- Aleksandr Lyapunov
- Mykola Lysenko
- Mikhail Lyubich
- Szolem Mandelbrojt
- Vladimir Marchenko
- Borys Mykolaiovych Martos
- Oleksandr Martynenko
- Aleksey Masikin
- Élie Metchnikoff (Nobel prize, Physiology or Medicine, 1908; Copley Medal, 1906; Albert Medal, 1916)
- Amvrosii Metlynsky
- Emmanuel Metter
- Valery Mezhlauk
- Vitali Milman (EMET Prize, 2007)
- Pylyp Morachevskyi
- Nariman bey Narimanbeyov
- Dvora Netzer
- Jerzy Neyman (Guy Medal in Gold, 1966)
- Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky
- Dmytro Nytczenko
- Gennady Orlov
- Timofei Fedorovic Osipovsky
- Mikhail Ostrogradsky
- Leo Palatnik
- Vladimir Palladin
- Valerian Fedorovich Pereverzev
- Julian Pęski
- Nikolai Pylchykov
- Józef Piłsudski
- Alexander Potebnja
- Aleksei Pogorelov (Lobachevsky Prize, 1959)
- Valery Pokrovsky (Lars Onsager Prize, 2005)
- Platon Poretsky
- Musa bey Rafiyev
- Khudadat Rafibeyli
- Andrei Richter
- Vladimir Savon
- Alexander Schlichter
- Volodymyr Semynozhenko
- Piotr Shabelsky-Bork
- Georgiy Shevel
- George Shevelov
- Petr Shevyrev
- Natalya Shibayeva
- Boris Shramko
- Lev Shubnikov
- Henryk Siemiradzki
- Cyril Sinelnikov
- Dmitrii Sintsov
- Alexander Sipiagin
- Yuri Sklyarov
- Abram A. Slutskin
- Vladimir Sokalsky
- Orest Somov
- Tetyana Sorochynska
- Sospeter Machage
- Ljubov Sova
- Volodymyr Sosyura
- Izmail Sreznevsky
- Mykhailo Starytsky
- Vladimir Steklov
- Henryk Leon Strasburger
- Ludwig Struve
- Otto Struve (Bruce Medal, 1948; Henry Draper Medal, 1949; Prix Jules Janssen, 1954)
- Nadiya Svitlychna
- Ali Tarab Ali
- Mikhail Taube
- Gligorije Trlajić
- Igor Tselovalnikov (Olympic Champion, 1972)
- Lev Tsenkovsky
- Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky
- Nikolai Turczaninow (Demidov Prize, 1857)
- Mykhailo Tyshko
- Tatyana Ustinova
- Dimitri Uznadze
- Andrey Valentinov
- Tito Vanzetti
- Pyotr Veinberg
- Yury Verlinsky
- Alexander Vilenkin
- Volodymyr Kostyantynovych Vysokovych
- Alexander Winkler (composer)
- Dmytro Yavornytsky
- Vasyl Yemetz
- Yevgen Zakharov
- Bronisław Zaleski
- Dmitry Konstantinovich Zelenin
- Pyotr Zinchenko
- Alexander Zorich
- Kateryna Zubkova
- Sergey Zvantsev
- Vasily Karazin (founder and honorary degree)
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (honorary degree)
- Alexander von Humboldt (honorary degree)
- Ivan Franko (honorary degree)
- Mykhailo Hrushevskyi (honorary degree)
- Leo Tolstoy (honorary degree)
- Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (honorary degree)
- Dmitri Mendeleev (honorary degree)
- Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (honorary degree)
- Heinrich Lenz (honorary degree)
- Fyodor Litke (honorary degree)
- Vladimir Bekhterev (honorary degree)
- Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (honorary degree)
- Kliment Timiryazev (honorary degree)
- Alexander Veselovsky (honorary degree)
- Mikhail Stepanovich Voronin (honorary degree)
- Alexander Vostokov (honorary degree)
- Józef Kowalewski (honorary degree)
- Vuk Karadžić (honorary degree)
- Friedrich von Adelung (honorary degree)
- George Grote (honorary degree)
- Ivan Mikhailovich Simonov (honorary degree)
- Vasil Zlatarski (honorary degree)
- Ivan Martinov (honorary degree)
- Eugene Bolkhovitinov (honorary degree)
- Filaret Gumilevsky (honorary degree)
- Lyubomir Miletich (honorary degree)
- Dmitry Milyutin (honorary degree)
- Vladimir Guerrier (honorary degree)
- Borys Paton (honorary degree)
- Petro Tronko (honorary degree)
- Nicodemus (Rusnak) (honorary degree)
- Edward L. G. Bowell (honorary degree)
- Achim Richter (honorary degree)
- Leonid Kuchma (honorary degree)
- Viktor Sadovnichiy (honorary degree)
- Tatyana Zaslavskaya (honorary degree)
- Yevhen Kushnaryov (honorary degree)
- Leszek Balcerowicz (honorary degree)
See also
References
- ↑ University Ranking by Academic Performance (2014). "Rank by Country. Ukraine". Retrieved 2015-02-15.
- ↑ Goldthwaite, Richard; Abramovitz M. (1986). "Association Notes: In Memoriam: Frederic C. Lane 1900-1984, Simon Kuznets 1901-1985". The Journal of Economic History 46 (1): 239–246. JSTOR 2121281.
- ↑ Weyl, E. Glen (2007). "Simon Kuznets: Cautious Empiricist of the Eastern European Jewish Diaspora" (PDF). Harvard University Society of Fellows; Toulouse School of Economics. p. 8. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ↑ University of Kharkiv. "Historical background". Retrieved 10 April 2014.
- ↑ Perlman, Mark (2001). "Schumpeter and Schools of Economic Thoughts". In Chaloupek, Günther; Guger, Alois; Nowotny, Ewald. Ökonomie in Theorie und Praxis: Festschrift für Helmut Frisch (in German and English) (German ed.). Springer. p. 286. ISBN 3540422404.
|first4=
missing|last4=
in Editors list (help) - ↑ Pressman, Steven (2006). Fifty Major Economists. Routledge. p. 181. ISBN 0415366488.
- ↑ Simon, Kuznetz (2011). Weyl, E. Glen; Lo, Stephanie H., eds. Jewish Economies: Development and Migration in America and Beyond I. Transaction Publishers. p. xix. ISBN 1412842115.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kharkiv University. |
- Official Website (English) (Ukrainian)
- University of Kharkiv at Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- University Library (English) (Ukrainian) (Russian)
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Coordinates: 50°00′16″N 36°13′42″E / 50.00444°N 36.22833°E