List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics

The announcement of the 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in Stockholm. The winner of the prize was Paul Krugman.

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Swedish: Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to researchers in the field of economic sciences.^[1] The first prize was awarded in 1969 to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen.^[2] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award that has varied throughout the years.^[3] In 1969, Frisch and Tinbergen were given a combined 375,000 SEK, which is equivalent to 2,871,041 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.^[4]

As of the awarding of the 2014 prize, 46 Nobel Memorial Prizes in Economic Sciences have been given to 75 individuals.^[5] Up to 2007, nine awards had been given for contributions to the field of macroeconomics, more than any other category.^[6] The institution with the most affiliated laureates in economic sciences is the University of Chicago, which has 28 affiliated laureates.^[7]

Laureates

Year	Laureate		Country	Rationale
1969		Ragnar Frisch	Norway	"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"[2]
		Jan Tinbergen	Netherlands
1970		Paul Samuelson	United States	"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"[8]
1971		Simon Kuznets	United States	"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"[9]
1972		John Hicks	United Kingdom	"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory."[10]
		Kenneth Arrow	United States
1973		Wassily Leontief	Soviet Union  United States	"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"[11]
1974		Gunnar Myrdal	Sweden	"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."[12]
		Friedrich Hayek	Austria  United Kingdom
1975		Leonid Kantorovich	Soviet Union	"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[13]
		Tjalling Koopmans	Netherlands  United States
1976		Milton Friedman	United States	"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilisation policy"[14]
1977		Bertil Ohlin	Sweden	"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"[15]
		James Meade	United Kingdom
1978		Herbert A. Simon	United States	"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"[16]
1979		Theodore Schultz	United States	"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[17]
		Arthur Lewis	Saint Lucia  United Kingdom
1980		Lawrence Klein	United States	"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"[18]
1981		James Tobin	United States	"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"[19]
1982		George Stigler	United States	"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[20]
1983		Gérard Debreu	France	"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"[21]
1984		Richard Stone	United Kingdom	"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"[22]
1985		Franco Modigliani	Italy	"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"[23]
1986		James M. Buchanan	United States	"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[24]
1987		Robert Solow	United States	"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"[25]
1988		Maurice Allais	France	"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[26]
1989		Trygve Haavelmo	Norway	"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[27]
1990		Harry Markowitz	United States	"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"[28]
		Merton Miller
		William F. Sharpe
1991		Ronald Coase	United Kingdom	"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"[29]
1992		Gary Becker	United States	"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour"[30]
1993		Robert Fogel	United States	"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"[31]
		Douglass North
1994		John Harsanyi	United States	"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[32]
		John Forbes Nash
		Reinhard Selten	Germany
1995		Robert Lucas, Jr.	United States	"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"[33]
1996		James Mirrlees	United Kingdom	"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[34]
		William Vickrey	Canada  United States
1997		Robert C. Merton	United States	"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives."[35]
		Myron Scholes	Canada  United States
1998		Amartya Sen	India	"for his contributions to welfare economics"[36]
1999		Robert Mundell	Canada	"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"[37]
2000		James Heckman	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"[38]
		Daniel McFadden	United States	"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"[38]
2001		George Akerlof	United States	"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"[39]
		Michael Spence
		Joseph E. Stiglitz
2002		Daniel Kahneman	Israel  United States	"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"[40]
		Vernon L. Smith	United States	"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"[40]
2003		Robert F. Engle	United States	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[41]
		Clive Granger	United Kingdom	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[41]
2004		Finn E. Kydland	Norway	"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles."[42]
		Edward C. Prescott	United States
2005		Robert J. Aumann	United States  Israel	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[43]
		Thomas C. Schelling	United States
2006		Edmund S. Phelps	United States	"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"[44]
2007		Leonid Hurwicz	Poland  United States	"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"[45]
		Eric S. Maskin	United States
		Roger B. Myerson
2008		Paul Krugman	United States	"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"[46]
2009		Elinor Ostrom	United States	"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[47]
		Oliver E. Williamson		"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"[47]
2010		Peter A. Diamond	United States	"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"[48]
		Dale T. Mortensen
		Christopher A. Pissarides	Cyprus
2011		Thomas J. Sargent	United States	"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"[49]
		Christopher A. Sims
2012		Alvin E. Roth	United States	"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."[50]
		Lloyd S. Shapley
2013		Eugene F. Fama	United States	"for their empirical analysis of asset prices."[51]
		Lars Peter Hansen
		Robert J. Shiller
2014		Jean Tirole	France	"for his analysis of market power and regulation".[52]
2015		Angus Deaton	United Kingdom  United States	"for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare".[53]

See also

• List of Nobel laureates

References

General

• "All Laureates in Economics". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.

Specific

1. "Nomination and Selection of the Laureates in Economics". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-07-15. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
2. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1969". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
3. "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
4. "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
5. "All Laureates in Economics". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
6. "Economics Table". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
7. "Nobel Laureates of UChicago". The University of Chicago. Retrieved 2013-10-14.
8. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1970". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
9. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1971". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
10. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1972". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
11. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1973". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
12. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1974". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
13. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
14. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
15. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
16. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
17. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
18. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
19. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1981". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
20. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1982". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
21. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1983". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
22. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1984". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
23. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1985". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
24. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
25. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1987". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
26. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
27. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1989". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
28. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1990". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
29. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
30. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
31. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
32. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
33. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
34. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
35. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
36. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
37. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
38. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
39. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
40. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
41. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
42. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
43. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
44. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2006". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
45. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
46. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
47. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
48. "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2010". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
49. "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
50. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2012/
51. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2013/
52. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
53. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-12.

External links

• Official website of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
• Official website of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Official website of the Nobel Foundation