List of female Nobel laureates

All Nobel Prizes won by women

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, Physiology or Medicine and Economics.^[1] All but the economics prize were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel prize in Economics, or The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for outstanding contributions in the field of Economics.^[2] Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Swedish Academy awards the Prize in Literature, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.^[3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.^[2]

As of 2015, Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 822 men, 48 women, and 26 organizations.^[4][5][6] Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, fourteen have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, twelve have won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, four have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, two have won the Nobel Prize in Physics and one, Elinor Ostrom, has won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.^[5][7] The first woman to win a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel.^[5][8] Curie is also the only woman to have won multiple Nobel Prizes; in 1911, she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Curie's daughter, Irène Joliot-Curie, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935, making the two the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.^[5] The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates. The most recent women to be awarded a Nobel Prize were Tu Youyou and Svetlana Alexievich (2015).

Laureates

Year	Image	Laureate	Country	Category	Rationale
1903		Skłodowska-Curie, MarieMarie Skłodowska-Curie (shared with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel)	Poland and France	Physics	"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"[8]
1905		Suttner, Bertha vonBertha von Suttner	Austria–Hungary	Peace	Honorary President of Permanent International Peace Bureau, Bern, Switzerland; Author of Lay Down Your Arms.[9]
1909		Lagerlof, SelmaSelma Lagerlöf	Sweden	Literature	"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[10]
1911		Curie-Skłodowska, MarieMarie Curie-Skłodowska	Poland and France	Chemistry	"for her discovery of radium and polonium"[11]
1926		Deledda, GraziaGrazia Deledda	Italy	Literature	"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[12]
1928		Undset, SigridSigrid Undset	Norway	Literature	"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[13]
1931		Addams, JaneJane Addams (shared with Nicholas Murray Butler)	United States	Peace	Sociologist; International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[14]
1935		Joliot-Curie, IreneIrène Joliot-Curie (shared with Frédéric Joliot-Curie)	France	Chemistry	"for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"[15]
1938		Buck, Pearl S.Pearl S. Buck	United States	Literature	"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[16]
1945		Mistral, GabrielaGabriela Mistral	Chile	Literature	"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[17]
1946		Balch, Emily GreeneEmily Greene Balch (shared with John Raleigh Mott)	United States	Peace	Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.[18]
1947		Cori, Gerty TheresaGerty Theresa Cori (shared with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Bernardo Houssay)	United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[19]
1963		Goeppert-Mayer, MariaMaria Goeppert-Mayer (shared with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner)	United States	Physics	"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"[20]
1964		Hodgkin, Dorothy CrowfootDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	United Kingdom	Chemistry	"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[21]
1966		Sachs, NellyNelly Sachs (shared with Samuel Agnon)	Sweden and Germany	Literature	"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"[22]
1976		Williams, BettyBetty Williams	United Kingdom	Peace	Founder of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)[23]
		Corrigan, MaireadMairead Corrigan
1977		Sussman Yalow, RosalynRosalyn Sussman Yalow (shared with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally)	United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[24]
1979		Teresa, MotherMother Teresa	India and Yugoslavia	Peace	Leader of Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta.[25]
1982		Myrdal, AlvaAlva Myrdal (shared with Alfonso García Robles)	Sweden	Peace	Former Cabinet Minister; Diplomat; Writer.[26]
1983		McClintock, BarbaraBarbara McClintock	United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[27]
1986		Levi-Montalcini, RitaRita Levi-Montalcini (shared with Stanley Cohen)	Italy and United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discoveries of growth factors"[28]
1988		Elion, Gertrude B.Gertrude B. Elion (shared with James W. Black and George H. Hitchings)	United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[29]
1991		Gordimer, NadineNadine Gordimer	South Africa	Literature	"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"[30]
		Suu Kyi, Aung SanAung San Suu Kyi	Burma	Peace	"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"[31]
1992		Menchu, RigobertaRigoberta Menchú	Guatemala	Peace	"in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"[32]
1993		Morrison, ToniToni Morrison	United States	Literature	"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[33]
1995		Nusslein-Volhard, ChristianeChristiane Nüsslein-Volhard (shared with Edward B. Lewis and Eric F. Wieschaus)	Germany	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[34]
1996		Szymborska, WislawaWisława Szymborska	Poland	Literature	"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"[35]
1997		Williams, JodyJody Williams (shared with the International Campaign to Ban Landmines)	United States	Peace	"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"[36]
2003		Ebadi, ShirinShirin Ebadi	Iran	Peace	"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"[37]
2004		Jelinek, ElfriedeElfriede Jelinek	Austria	Literature	"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power"[38]
		Maathai, WangariWangari Maathai	Kenya	Peace	"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[39]
		Buck, Linda B.Linda B. Buck (shared with Richard Axel)	United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[40]
2007		Lessing, DorisDoris Lessing	United Kingdom	Literature	"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"[41]
2008		Barre-Sinoussi, FrancoiseFrançoise Barré-Sinoussi (shared with Harald zur Hausen and Luc Montagnier)	France	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discovery of HIV, human immunodeficiency virus"[42]
2009		Blackburn, ElizabethElizabeth Blackburn (shared with Jack W. Szostak)	Australia and United States	Physiology or Medicine	"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"[43]
		Greider, Carol W.Carol W. Greider (shared with Jack W. Szostak)	United States
		Yonath, Ada E.Ada E. Yonath (shared with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz)	Israel	Chemistry	"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"[44]
		Muller, HertaHerta Müller	Germany and Romania	Literature	"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"[45]
		Ostrom, ElinorElinor Ostrom (shared with Oliver E. Williamson)	United States	Economics	"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[46]
2011		Johnson Sirleaf, EllenEllen Johnson Sirleaf	Liberia	Peace	"For their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[47]
		Gbowee, LeymahLeymah Gbowee
		Karman, TawakelTawakel Karman	Yemen
2013		Munro, AliceAlice Munro	Canada	Literature	"master of the contemporary short story"[48]
2014		Moser, May-BrittMay-Britt Moser (shared with Edvard Moser and John O'Keefe)	Norway	Physiology or Medicine	"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain"[49]
	Yousafzai, MalalaMalala Yousafzai (shared with Kailash Satyarthi)	Pakistan	Peace	"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".[50]
2015		Youyou, TuTu Youyou (shared with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura)	China	Physiology or Medicine	"for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria"[51]
	Alexievich, SvetlanaSvetlana Alexievich	Belarus	Literature	"for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time"[52]

References

General

• "Women Nobel Laureates". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-13.

Specific

1. "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
2. "The Nobel Prize". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
3. "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
4. "Nobel Laureates Facts". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
5. "Nobel Laureates Facts - Women". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
6. "Nobel Laureates Facts - Organizations". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2016-02-15.
7. "Economics 2009". Nobel Foundation. 2009-10-12. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
8. "Nobel Prize in Physics 1903". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
9. "Nobel Peace Prize 1905". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
10. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1909". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
11. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
12. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1926". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
13. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1928". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
14. "Nobel Peace Prize 1931". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
15. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
16. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1938". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
17. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1945". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
18. "Nobel Peace Prize 1946". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
19. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
20. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
21. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
22. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1966". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
23. "Nobel Peace Prize 1976". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
24. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
25. "Nobel Peace Prize 1979". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
26. "Nobel Peace Prize 1982". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
27. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
28. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
29. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
30. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
31. "Nobel Peace Prize 1991". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
32. "Nobel Peace Prize 1992". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
33. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1993". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
34. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
35. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1996". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
36. "Nobel Peace Prize 1997". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
37. "Nobel Peace Prize 2003". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
38. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
39. "Nobel Peace Prize 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
40. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
41. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2007". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
42. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
43. "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
44. "Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
45. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
46. "Nobel Prize in Economics 2009". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
47. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2011". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
48. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013" (PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
49. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-07.
50. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2014" (PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2014-10-10.
51. "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013" (PDF). Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
52. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2015". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 8 October 2015.

External links

• Nobel Prize Awarded Women page on the Nobel Foundation site
• Alan Asaid (26 September 2009). "Så ratade Akademien kvinnorna" [How the Academy Rejected the Women]. SvD (in Swedish).