Kholmsk
| Kholmsk (English) ХолмÑк (Russian) | |
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| - Town[1] - | |
 Kholmsk Commercial Port | |
.svg.png) Location of Sakhalin Oblast in Russia | |
  Kholmsk | |
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| Town Day | August 18 |
| Administrative status (as of December 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakhalin Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Kholmsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Kholmsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of July 2012) | |
| Urban okrug | Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Administrative center of | Kholmsky Urban Okrug[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 30,937 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | VLAT (UTC+10:00)[4] |
| Founded | 1870 |
| Previous names | Maoka (until 1946) |
| Postal code(s)[5] | 694620 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 424 33[6] |
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| Kholmsk on Wikimedia Commons | |
Kholmsk (Russian: ХолмÑк), known until 1946 as Maoka (Japanese: 真岡), is a port town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southwest coast of the Sakhalin Island, on coast of the gulf of Nevelsky in the Strait of Tartary of the Sea of Japan, 83 kilometers (52 mi) west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: 30,937 (2010 Census);[3] 35,141 (2002 Census);[7] 51,381 (1989 Census).[8]
History
It was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, it was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed it Maoka (真岡), translating roughly as True Hill.
On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely. Japanese fire set one of the coastguard vessels on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the town, causing more civilian deaths. See Soviet assault on Maoka for details.
The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of World War II, with the town receiving its present name in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbor.
As with a number of urban areas in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholmsk serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District and is subordinated to it.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Kholmsk and twenty-three rural localities of Kholmsky District are incorporated as Kholmsky Urban Okrug.[2]
Economy and transportation
Kholmsk is an important sea port for the Sakhalin Island. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a SASCO train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.[9]
Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.[10]
It's the largest transport center on Sakhalin, which includes a non-freezing sea port with 2 terminals, 3 railway stations and a knot of highways. Kholmsk is connected with Vanino port by the Kholmsk—Vanino sea railway passenger-and-freight ferry. From the town, the federal highway R495 Kholmsk—Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk begins. Kholmsk is a large economic, industrial and cultural center of the Sakhalin Oblast, a center of sea fishery and ship repair.
Twin towns and sister cities
Kholmsk is twinned with:
References
Notes
- 1 2 3 4 5 Law #25-ZO
- 1 2 3 Law #524
- 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ ПравительÑтво РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации. Федеральный закон â„–107-ФЗ от 3 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. «Об иÑчиÑлении времени», в ред. Федерального закона â„–248-ФЗ от 21 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2014 г. «О внеÑении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об иÑчиÑлении времени"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу по иÑтечении шеÑтидеÑÑти дней поÑле Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ†Ð¸Ð°Ð»ÑŒÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð¿ÑƒÐ±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ (6 авгуÑта 2011 г.). Опубликован: "РоÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð·ÐµÑ‚Ð°", â„–120, 6 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Почта РоÑÑии. Информационно-вычиÑлительный центр ОÐСУ РПО. (Russian Post). ПоиÑк объектов почтовой ÑвÑзи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
- ↑ Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin (Russian)
- ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð Ð¾ÑÑии, Ñубъектов РоÑÑийÑкой Федерации в ÑоÑтаве федеральных округов, районов, городÑких поÑелений, ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов – районных центров и ÑельÑких наÑелённых пунктов Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñелением 3 Ñ‚Ñ‹ÑÑчи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Ð’ÑероÑÑийÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 г. ЧиÑленноÑÑ‚ÑŒ наличного наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñоюзных и автономных реÑпублик, автономных облаÑтей и округов, краёв, облаÑтей, районов, городÑких поÑелений и Ñёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Ð’ÑеÑÐ¾ÑŽÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¿Ð¸ÑÑŒ наÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). ИнÑтитут демографии Ðационального иÑÑледовательÑкого универÑитета: Ð’Ñ‹ÑÑˆÐ°Ñ ÑˆÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð° Ñкономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
- ↑ SASCO: Vanino-Kholmsk (Russian)
- ↑ СахалинÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑƒÐ·ÐºÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ð»ÐµÐ¹Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð³Ð° (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) (Russian)
- ↑ Partnership between Russia and S.Korea
- ↑ Sakhalin region: Kholmsk was visited by economic delegation from Otaru (Japan)
- ↑ The Russian presence in Japan
Sources
- СахалинÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð”ÑƒÐ¼Ð°. Закон â„–25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об админиÑтративно-территориальном уÑтройÑтве СахалинÑкой облаÑти», в ред. Закона â„–62-ЗО от 27 Ð¸ÑŽÐ½Ñ 2013 г. «О внеÑении Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñтатью 10 Закона СахалинÑкой облаÑти "Об админиÑтративно-территориальном уÑтройÑтве СахалинÑкой облаÑти"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу 9 Ð°Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ»Ñ 2011 г.. Опубликован: "ГубернÑкие ведомоÑти", â„–55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
- СахалинÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð”ÑƒÐ¼Ð°. Закон â„–524 от 21 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2004 г. «О границах и ÑтатуÑе муниципальных образований в СахалинÑкой облаÑти», в ред. Закона â„–45-ЗО от 27 Ð¼Ð°Ñ 2013 г. «О внеÑении Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Закон СахалинÑкой облаÑти "О границах и ÑтатуÑе муниципальных образований в СахалинÑкой облаÑти"». Ð’Ñтупил в Ñилу 1 ÑÐ½Ð²Ð°Ñ€Ñ 2005 г. Опубликован: "ГубернÑкие ведомоÑти", â„–175–176(2111–2112), 31 Ð¸ÑŽÐ»Ñ 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
External links
Kholmsk travel guide from Wikivoyage
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