List of rulers of Edom

The following is a list of the known rulers of the Kingdom of Edom in the Levant.

Kings

Descendants of Esau

Esau עֵשָׂו (Edom אֱדֹֽום) Married three wives^[1]

• Reuel^[2] רְעוּאֵֽל By Basemath בָּשְׂמַ֥ת (daughter of Elon the Hittite, wife of Ishmael?)^[3] Also called Mahalath (the sister of Nebaioth, the firstborn of Ishmael) Married just after Jacob's flight to Haran
  • Nahath נַ֥חַת
  • Zerah זֶ֖רַח (father of Jobab 2nd Duke of Edom?)
  • Shammah שַׁמָּ֣ה
  • Mizzah מִזָּ֑ה
• Jeush יְע֥וּשׁ By Oholibamah^[4] אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ (daughter of Anah עֲנָ֔ה (the wife of Beeri?) the daughter of Zibeon צִבְעֹ֖ון the Hivite). (Also called Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite) Married just before Jacob's flight to Haran
• Jalam יַעְלָ֖ם
• Korah קֹ֑רַח
• Eliphaz^[5] אֱלִיפָ֑ז By Adah^[6] עָדָ֗ה daughter of Elon אֵילֹון֙ the Hittite. (possibly the same Eliphaz the Temanite in the Book of Job) Married before Jacob's flight to Haran
  • Teman תֵּימָ֣ן
  • Omar אֹומָ֔ר
  • Zepho צְפֹ֥ו
  • Gatam גַעְתָּ֖ם
  • Kenaz קְנַֽז
  • Amalek עֲמָלֵ֑ק (by his concubine Timna^[7] תִמְנַ֣ע the sister of Lotan^[8] the son of Seir)

Implied non-hereditary kings

Map of Edom.

king	son of	from	city
Bela	Beor		Dinhabah
Jobab	Zerah	Bozrah
Husham		Land of Teman
Hadad	Bedad		Avith
Samlah		Masrekah
Shaul		Rehoboth on the river
Baal-Hanan	Acbor
Hadad			Pau (P'ai)

Dukes/chiefs

Mountains of Edom

• Timnah (Timna)
• Aliah (Alvah)
• Jetheth
• Oholibamah
• Elah
• Pinon
• Kenaz
• Teman II
• Mibzar
• Magdiel
• Iram
• To Israel c. 990-922
• To Judah 922 - early 9th century
• ?
• Aiarammu (Assyrian name; Edomite name unknown) fl. c. 740
• Shalman fl. c. 735
• To Assyria 724-612
• Melek Ram fl. c. 700
• Kaus Geber fl. c. 700
• ?
• To Babylon 612-539
• Independence 539-c. 275
• ?? .............................................c. 270 - c. 200
• To the Seleucid Empire..........................c. 200-160
• Gorgias...........................................160s
• ?? ................................................160-109
• To Maccabean Kingdom of Israel 109 BC.
• Governors of Idumea under the Hasmoneans
• Antipas.....................................c. 100-78
• Antipater (governor of all Judaea from 55).....78-43

Governors of Idumea under Herod

Note that the Herodian dynasty itself was of Idumaean extraction.

• Joseph ben Antipater (brother of Herod the Great). c. 43-35
• Costobarus (brother-in-law of Herod the Great).......30s
• To Judea directly.................................30s-4
• To Rome..........................................4 BC- AD 60

Governors of Idumea under the Revolutionary government of Judaea

• Niger the Perean
• Joshua ben Saphas ha-Kohen
• Eleazar ben Hananiah
• To Rome

References

1. Gen 26

   34 When Esau was forty years old, he married

   Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and also

   Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite.

   35 They were a source of grief to Isaac and Rebekah.

   Genesis 28 (KJV)

   9Then went Esau unto Ishmael, and took unto the wives which he had

   Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael Abraham's son, the sister of Nebajoth, to be his wife.

   Gen 36

   2Esau took his wives of the daughters of Canaan;

   Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, and

   Aholibamah the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon the Hivite;

   3also Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth

2. Gen 36 13And these are the sons of Reuel;
   

   Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the (grand)sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.

3. Gen 36

   10These are the names of Esau's sons;

   Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau,

   Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.

4. Gen 36 14And these were the sons of
   Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon (the Hivite?), Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau
   

   Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.

5. Gen 36 11And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.
6. Gen 36
   10These are the names of Esau's sons;

   Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau,

   Reuel the son of Basemath the wife of Esau.

7. Gen 36 12And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son;
   
   and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the (grand)sons of Adah Esau's wife.
8. 1 Chron 1
   39And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister.