Laforey-class destroyer (1913)

Class overview
HMS Loyal, October 1914
Name:	Laforey- or L-class destroyer
Operators:	Royal Navy
Preceded by:	Acasta class
Succeeded by:	Admiralty M class
Completed:	22
Lost:	3
General characteristics
Type:	Destroyer
Displacement:	965–1,010 long tons (980–1,026 t)
Length:	268 ft 10 in (81.94 m) o/a
Beam:	27 ft 8 in (8.43 m)
Draught:	10 ft 6 in (3.20 m)
Installed power:	24,500 shp (18,300 kW) 3–4 × water-tube boilers
Propulsion:	2 Shafts; 2 steam turbines
Speed:	29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph)
Range:	1,720 nmi (3,190 km; 1,980 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Complement:	74
Armament:	3 × QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mark IV guns 2 × QF 1.5-pounder (37 mm) or QF 2-pounder (40 mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns 2 × twin 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes

The Laforey class (redesignated in October 1913 as the L class) was a class of 22 torpedo boat destroyers of the Royal Navy, twenty of which were built under the Naval Programme of 1912–13 and a further two under the War Emergency Programme of 1914. As such they were the last pre-war British destroyer design. All served during World War I during which three were lost. As was previous Royal Navy practice, these ships were originally allocated names with no particular systematic theme. However, whilst still building in 1913 they were allocated to the L class and were given new names beginning with the class letter, the first ships to follow this new convention (see naming conventions for destroyers of the Royal Navy).

Design

The Laforeys were based on the modified Acasta-class destroyer Fortune that trialled a new hull form that was slightly longer and narrower than that of the Acastas and incorporated a clipper bow. Except Laurel, Liberty, Lark, Landrail, Laverock and Linnet which had two funnels, all the ships had three funnels of equal height, the middle being thicker than the fore and aft.

Armament was increased over the Acastas, with the number of torpedo tubes doubled to two pairs - abaft the funnels - with a small searchlight platform in between. The gun armament remained as three QF 4-inch, but was more usefully distributed; with one gun each on the forecastle, between the funnels (the after pair in ships with three) and on the quarterdeck.

Propulsion

Laforey and Leonidas were fitted with geared (as opposed to direct drive) steam turbines for increased efficiency. Lochinvar, Llewellyn and Lennox were the first destroyers built for the Royal Navy at William Beardmore's new naval construction yard at Dalmuir.

Minelayer

Legion was later fitted for minelaying, for which purposes her quarterdeck gun and torpedo tubes were removed and screens were erected aft of the after funnel to provide protection for mines. The screens were painted with dummy torpedo tubes and a gun so as not to identify her as a minelayer.

Service

At the outbreak of World War I the Laforeys formed the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla. Lance is credited as having fired the first shot of the naval war when, in company with the flotilla leader Amphion, she sank the German auxiliary minelayer Königin Luise the day after war was declared, on 5 August 1914 in the North Sea. The particular gun concerned is preserved at the Imperial War Museum in London.

Two months later on 17 October 1914, off the Dutch island of Texel, Lance, Legion, Lennox and Loyal engaged German torpedo boats and sank S115, S117, S118 and S119 during the Battle off Texel. Lydiard (acting as flotilla leader), with Landrail, Laurel and Liberty were present at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May / 1 June 1916 as part of the 9th and 10th Destroyer Flotillas.

Ships

Name	Ship Builder	Laid down^[1]	Launched^[1]	Completed^[1]	Fate
Laertes (ex-Sarpedon)	Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend	6 July 1912	6 June 1913	October 1913	Sold for scrapping 1921
Laforey (ex-Florizel)	Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company, Govan	9 September 1912	22 August 1913	February 1914	Mined and sunk in English Channel off Shoreham-by-Sea 23 March 1917
Lance (ex-Daring)	John I. Thornycroft & Company Limited, Woolston	1 August 1912	25 February 1914	August 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Landrail (ex-Hotspur)	Yarrow & Company, Scotstoun	24 July 1912	7 February 1914	June 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lark (ex-Haughty)	Yarrow	28 June 1912	26 May 1913	October 1913	Sold for scrapping 1923
Lassoo (ex-Magic)	William Beardmore & Company, Dalmuir	24 January 1915	24 August 1915	11 October 1915	Torpedoed or mined and sunk off Maas Light Ship by German U-boat 13 August 1916
Laurel (ex-Redgauntlet)	J. Samuel White & Company, Cowes	17 August 1912	6 May 1913	March 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Laverock (ex-Hereward)	Yarrow	24 July 1912	19 November 1913	October 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lawford (ex-Ivanhoe)	Fairfield	28 September 1912	30 October 1913	March 1913	Sold for scrapping 1921
Legion (ex-Viola)	William Denny & Brothers Limited, Dumbarton	19 September 1912	3 February 1914	July 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921,
Lennox (ex-Portia)	Beardmore	14 October 1912	17 March 1914	July 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Leonidas (ex-Rob Roy)	Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, Wallsend, (hull sub-contracted to Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn)	26 October 1912	30 October 1913	August 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Liberty (ex-Rosalind)	White	31 August 1912	15 September 1913	March 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Linnet (ex-Havock)	Yarrow	28 June 1912	16 August 1913	December 1913	Sold for scrapping 1921
Llewellyn (ex-Picton)	Beardmore	14 November 1912	30 October 1913	March 1914	Sold for scrapping 1922
Lochinvar (ex-Malice)	Beardmore	9 January 1915	9 October 1915	December 1915	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lookout (ex-Dragon)	Thornycroft	29 August 1912	27 April 1914	August 1914	Sold for scrapping 1922
Louis (ex-Talisman)	Fairfield	5 December 1912	30 December 1913	March 1914	Wrecked in Suvla Bay 31 October 1915 and destroyed by Turkish coastal artillery
Loyal (ex-Orlando)	Denny	16 September 1912	11 November 1913	May 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lucifer (ex-Rocket)	Parsons (hull sub-contracted to Hawthorn Leslie)	26 October 1912	29 December 1913	August 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lydiard (ex-Waverley)	Hawthorn Leslie	14 December 1912	26 February 1914	June 1914	Sold for scrapping 1921
Lysander (ex-Ulysses)	Swan Hunter	8 August 1912	18 August 1913	December 1913	Sold for scrapping 1922

Notes

1 2 3 Friedman 2009, p. 307.

Bibliography

Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
Dittmar, F.J. & Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allen. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Laforey class destroyer (1913).

Laforey-class (L-class) destroyers

Laertes Laforey Lance Landrail Lark Lassoo Laurel Laverock Lawford Legion Lennox Leonidas Liberty Linnet Llewellyn Lochinvar Lookout Louis Loyal Lucifer Lydiard Lysander

Preceded by: Acasta class Followed by: Admiralty M class List of destroyers of the Royal Navy

British naval ship classes of the First World War

Aircraft/Seaplane carriers	Empress^S^V Riviera^S^V Engadine^S^V Ark Royal^S Ben-my-Chree^S^V Campania^S^V Raven II^S^V Anne^S^V Vindex^S^V Manxman^S^V Furious^M Pegasus^S^V Nairana^S^V Argus^S^V Vindictive^S^V

Dreadnought battleships	Dreadnought^S Bellerophon St Vincent Neptune^S Colossus Orion King George V Erin^S Agincourt^S Iron Duke Canada^S Queen Elizabeth Revenge

Pre-dreadnought battleships	Royal Sovereign Majestic Canopus Formidable Duncan King Edward VII Swiftsure Lord Nelson

Battlecruisers	Invincible Indefatigable Lion Queen Mary^S Tiger^S Renown Courageous Admiral^S^C Incomparable^X

Armoured cruisers	Cressy Drake Monmouth Devonshire Duke of Edinburgh Warrior Minotaur

Heavy cruisers	Hawkins

Light cruisers	Town^G Arethusa C^{G, C} Danae^C Emerald^A

Protected cruisers	Apollo Astraea Eclipse Blake Pearl Edgar Powerful Diadem Arrogant Pelorus Highflyer Challenger Topaze

Scout cruisers	Adventure Forward Pathfinder Sentinel Boadicea Blonde Active

Destroyer flotilla leaders	Swift^S Faulknor Marksman Parker Admiralty (or Scott)^C Thornycroft (or Shakespeare)^C

Destroyers	A^G B^G C^G D^G E^G F Cricket^G G H I K L Admiralty M Hawthorn M Thornycroft M Yarrow M Yarrow Later M R^G S^{G, C} Talisman V and W^{G, C}

Monitors	Marshal Ney Abercrombie Lord Clive Humber Gorgon M15 M29 Erebus

Minesweepers	Flower Racecourse Hunt 24^C

Gunboats	Fly Insect

Submarines	A B C D E F G H^C J K L^C M^C R^C Swordfish^S V

A All completed after the war C One or more completed after the war G Grouping of several classes M converted from Courageous class S Single ship of class V Conversions X Cancelled

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