Legality of cannabis by country
The legality of cannabis for general or recreational use varies from country to country. Possession of cannabis is illegal in most countries as a result of the agreement about Indian hemp, also known as hashish, in the International Opium Convention (1925).[1] However, many countries have decriminalized the possession of small quantities of cannabis; see the list below.
Some states in the US allow use of medical cannabis in state, territorial, Indian reservation, and Federal district laws, although the use is illegal by federal law. Federal agencies claim that federal law comes first.[2]
As of 2015, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, the Czech Republic, India, Jamaica, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay, Germany, the Netherlands, some U.S. states, Native American Indian reservations, and cities as well as some territories of Australia have the least restrictive cannabis laws while China, Egypt, France, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam have the strictest cannabis laws.[3][4]
Country/Territory | Possession | Sale | Transport | Cultivation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | The law of prohibition exists but however with high availability of cannabis plants throughout the country, this law is often unenforced.[5][6][7] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession is illegal.[8] | |
Illegal (decriminalized for personal use in small amounts) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Decriminalized for personal use in small amounts and for consumption in private locations, the Supreme Court ruled in 2009.[9]
Public consumption is generally accepted among young adults. Consumption for medical purposes is accepted but not legislated (only in private locations). Cultivating, selling and transporting large amounts is illegal and punishable by present laws.[10] | |
Illegal (decriminalized in some states, legal for medicinal purposes in Victoria) | Illegal | Illegal | One or two plants may be privately grown for personal use in the Australian Capital Territory and South Australia. Personal grows of up to two plants are decriminalized in the Northern Territory. | Main article: Cannabis in Australia Decriminalised for personal use in small amounts in the Australian Capital Territory, South Australia and the Northern Territory. It is a criminal offence in New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. In SA a person can legally grow 1 non-hydroponic plant, and in the ACT 2 non-hydroponic plants may be grown on their own property for personal use, and in the N.T two non-hydroponic plants can be fined $200 with 28 days to pay rather than face criminal charge. Enforcement varies from state to state,[11] though a criminal conviction for possession of a small amount is unlikely and diversion programs in these states aim to divert offenders into education, assessment and treatment programs.[12] With the rapid expansion in hydroponically grown cannabis cultivation, the Australian Drug Misuse and Trafficking Act (1985) was amended in 2006, reducing the amount of cannabis grown indoors under hydroponic conditions that qualifies as a 'commercial quantity' or as a 'large quantity'.[12]On 24 February 2016, the Federal Government legalised the growing of cannabis for medicinal and scientific purposes at a federal level. [13] Subsequently the use of medicinal cannabis was legalised by the Victorian government on 12 April 2016.[14] | |
Possession of up to 5 grams decriminalized as of January 2016. | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession and purchase of up to 5 grams for personal use is decriminalized and offenders will not be punished, given that they cooperate with the health authority and undergo a therapy. Cultivation, sale and transport of small quantities (< 200 g) are punishable by up to 1 year imprisonment. Sale is punishable by up to 3 years imprisonment, or up to 1 year if the perpetrator is addicted. Sale, transport and cultivation of larger quantities (> 200 g) are punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment, or up to 3 years if the perpetrator is addicted. Higher penalties for organized crime.[15] Regardless of a criminal conviction, anyone caught with cannabis by the police may have their driving license revoked (often illegally), unless they show prolonged abstinence from cannabis in several supervised urine tests.[16] Cannabis is considered a drug if it contains more than 0.3% of THC, if less, it's legal. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Consumption of both opium and cannabis are illegal in Bangladesh. However, there are no sufficient local laws to control the consumption.[17] | |
Illegal (decriminalized up to 3 grams) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal(decriminalized) one plant | Since 2003, adults over the age of 18 had been allowed to possess up to 3 grams. | |
Illegal, but mostly tolerated | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis use in Belize is common and largely tolerated; however, possession can result in fines or imprisonment.[20] In 2012, the Government of Belize announced that it was considering decriminalizing possession of 10 grams or less.[21] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Bolivia has recently passed laws regarding set personal limit use, but has not completely legalized it. | |
Illegal, but mostly unenforced | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis (or Dagga) is illegal, but the respective laws are often unenforced.[22][23] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (entail a warning and education on the effect of use) | The possession of illegal drugs like cannabis (for personal consumption) entails a warning, community service and education on the effects of drug use. The same measures apply to the planting and/or preparation of small amounts of any illegal drug.
Selling and transportation of any illegal drugs, as well as the possession or cultivation of larger amounts is characterized as drug trafficking, a criminal act punished with 5 to 15 years in prison and a significant fine.[24] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis is classified as a class A (High-risk) drug, together with Heroin, Cocaine, Amphetamines and MDMA (ecstasy). Until 2004, a loosely defined "personal dose" existed. Since 2006, after the last amendment of the Penal Code, the penalty for possession is 1 to 6 years in prison and a fine between 1,000 and 5,000 euros. For possession with an aim of distribution (drug-dealing), the sentence can range from 2 to 8 years for small amounts, to 3 to 12 years for large amounts, up to 5 to 15 years when executed by an organized criminal group. In these cases, the maximum fine to be determined together with the prison time is 50,000 euros. Growing is punishable by 2 to 5 years and a fine up to 5,000 euros. The organizer of a growers group can receive a jail sentence of 10 to 20 years and has to pay a fine of up to 100,000 euros, a participant 3 to 10 years in prison and a fine of 2,500 to 5,000 euros.[25] Bulgarian Penal Code (translation requested) | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | While technically illegal, the use of cannabis is widespread among the Khmer people and foreigners visiting the country. Marijuana can easily be purchased and smoked in public areas without the threat of arrest. Many "Happy" restaurants located in Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanoukville publicly offer food cooked with marijuana, or as a side garnish.[26][27] | |
Illegal (but mostly tolerated and effectively legal in most cities) | Illegal (Legalized and regulated by some cities) | Illegal | Illegal (Small amounts of plants tolerated) | Legal with government issued licence for medical or industrial purposes. On April 20 2016, Health Minister Jane Philpott announced that new legislation would be introduced in spring 2017 to legalize and regulate marijuana.[28] See Legislation: "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act"[29] Main article: Legal history of cannabis in Canada | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (medical use only) | Illegal | Legal (since 2015) | In 2005, Law 20.000 formally decriminalised private and personal cannabis use.[30] Since 2014, Chile allows the cultivation of medical cannabis with the authorization of The Chilean Agriculture Service (SAG).[31]
Cultivation of marijuana, personal or collective, is legal in Chile. The Supreme Court ruled in 2015.[32][33] Sale of marijuana-derived medication is allowed on prescription in pharmacies, from December 2015.[34] Currently in 2015, a bill which will allow Chileans to grow small amounts of marijuana for medical, recreational or spiritual use has been approved by the country's lower house of Congress.[35][36] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal[37] | ||
Legal for up to 22 grams for personal use. No limit for medical or scientific purpose, and if licensed by the "National Anti-narcotics Council" | Legal for medical and scientific use only | Legal for medical and scientific use only | Legal up to 20 plants for personal consumption. No limit for medical or scientific use, and if licensed by the "National Anti-narcotics Council" | Since 1994, cannabis has been legalized for possession of small amounts up to 22 grams for personal consumption. In 2016, The Supreme Court of Justice stated that someone who is caught with a greater amount than the statutory limit cannot be criminally prosecuted if it is found that the person carries the substance to satisfy their own consumption needs.[38] It is legal to possess up to 20 plants for personal consumption.[39][40][41] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis was legal during the Comorian historical period between January 1975 and May 1978, when president Ali Soilih legalized cannabis consumption among other measures.[42][43] | |
Illegal (decriminalized)[44] [45] | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Some interpret the law to say Cannabis is illegal, but there is a high tolerance of smoking marijuana throughout the country.[44] A decriminalization system is de facto implemented, since police officers do not detain people carrying enough for only personal consumption, yet no amount has been defined as a minimum for possession. The usage of cannabis in Costa Rica is very high.[45] | |
Illegal (decriminalised)[46] | Illegal (medical use only) | Illegal | Illegal | From 2013, there is distinction in the Croatian penal code between various illegal substances, they are now separated on heavy drugs and light drugs like Marijuana. According to the law, growing or selling cannabis is considered a felony punishable by a mandatory prison sentence (three years minimum), and from 2013, the possession of small amount of marijuana and other light drugs is a misdemeanor which leads to a fine of 5000–20000kn ($800–3500) depending on the case in question. As of 15 October 2015, the Ministry of Health has officially legalized the use of cannabis-based drugs for medical purposes for patients with illnesses such as cancer, multiple sclerosis or AIDS. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized for some farms to grow Hemp) | Class B substance – life imprisonment is possible for use and maximum 8 years for possession (at the maximum two years for the first offence for under 25-year-olds). In practice, an offender is taken to a local police station by drug enforcement where a statement, fingerprints and/or a confession are taken. After minor interrogation, the offender is held overnight and then released to be later called to court where a judge will set a fine between 400-1000 Euro for first time offender and depending on the amount of cannabis found and severity of the case. Factors such as being helpful to the police, full confession, completion of 6 month "detox" program provided by government and a apologetic attitude towards the judge does indeed help in a reduced fine. Keep in mind that the offender must appear by himself to a detox center, complete a 6 month program at the end of which a worker there will send a letter to the judge in regards to your accomplishment. You will also receive a honorary diploma. Non completion of this 6 month program has unconfirmed consequences such as the fine being higher when sentenced at court.[47] | |
Illegal (possession of up to 15g decriminalized) | Purchase of up to 15g legal; sale of medical cannabis legal, otherwise sale illegal) | Illegal (up to 15g decriminalized/Medical subject to license legal) | Illegal (cultivation of up to 5 bushes decriminalized/cultivation for medical purposes subject to license legal) | Main article: Drug policy of the Czech Republic Possession of up to fifteen grams for personal use or cultivation of up to five plants is a misdemeanor subject to minor fine - mostly not enforced. Popular destination for smokers.[48][49] Medical use of cannabis on prescription has been legal and regulated since 1 April 2013.[50][51] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As with all drugs, cannabis-related offences are punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to 2 years[52] Freetown Christiania, a self-declared autonomous region, is known for its cannabis trade.
Police often raid the area around Christiania. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Class B drug to cultivate, sell or possess[53] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) up to 10 grams | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As defined by Law 108, possession of small amounts of cannabis is decriminalized.[54][55][56] Possession of under 10 grams is considered personal use and it is not punished.[57] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Although technically illegal, use is widespread and part of every day culture. Convictions for personal use are very rare.[58] Formerly a plant of high status with several documented medicinal uses in ancient times, cannabis was made illegal in 1925 with the League of Nations’ Geneva International Convention on Narcotic Control, and has been aggressively targeted at various points since then.[59] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Up to 7.5 grams is considered an amount for personal use, and is punished with a fine. Large amounts and distribution are criminal offences and punishable with a custodial sentence of up to 5 years.[60] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Despite being the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, possession of cannabis can result in up to 6 months imprisonment.[61] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | An extremely limited group of medicinal users (12 people as of 31 January 2010, estimated 200 people in 2014) are permitted to purchase Sativex mouth spray and/or Bedrocan, Bediol or Bedica brand herbal cannabis from one of 27 apothecaries that have the permit to sell medicinal marijuana.[62][63] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cultivating, selling, owning or consuming cannabis is prohibited.[64] However, legislation permitting the sale of medications containing cannabis derivatives was enacted in June 2013.[65][66] | |
Illegal (Consumption is legal on the basis of it being considered self-harm) | Illegal (Legal if permission is given by "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices") | Illegal (Legal if permission is given by "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices") | Illegal (Legal if permission is given by "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices") | The possession of cannabis is illegal, while consumption itself is legal on the basis of it being considered self-harm, which is not considered a crime. The possession of small amounts is prosecuted, but charges are virtually always dropped. The definition of this "small amount" varies depending on the federal state, the state of Berlin being the most liberal, allowing 15 grams for personal use in most cases, while most states do not prosecute up to 6 grams.[67] It is also possible to obtain a special permission by the "Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices" to obtain, possess and consume cannabis as a part of medically supervised and accompanied self-therapy.[68][69] By January 2015, 382 patients have obtained such a permission.[70] Furthermore Cannabis cultivation and possession can be permitted to scientific institutions or administrative bodies. Pharmacies can obtain a special permission to sell cannabis or cannabis based medication to patients with a permission.[71] | |
Illegal (but the amount of half a gram or 2 joints decriminalised if made sure to be for personal use) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession or use of even small amounts is illegal in Greece, but if found to be for personal use it's decriminalized in court. Individuals are arrested, although rarely convicted by court. Possession of large quantities may lead to several years in prison.[72]
The Government was said to be preparing a bill that would decriminalize the use of drugs in August 2011, but the legislation was not changed at all. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | The possession, sale, transportation and cultivation of cannabis is illegal in Honduras.[73] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | The possession, sale, transportation, cultivation of cannabis is illegal under the Dangerous Drug Ordinance.[74] (Chapter 134 of the Law of Hong Kong) | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | There is no distinction in Hungarian law between illicit drugs according to dangers. Heroin use has the same legal consequences as cannabis use. Hungarian law prohibits the distribution, and any use (including medical use). However the Penal code distinguishes the punishment between sale and personal use. 283. § (1) paragraph (a) states that "One cannot be punished for drug misuse; if a small, personal amount is produced, acquired, or in possession..." and continues to state that "... provided that before final verdict is determined a verification is provided that continuous 6-month therapy has taken place" The law determines that a "personal quantity" is defined as 1 gram of active substance (i.e. THC), therefore this equates to 12–100 grams of marijuana if calculated that marijuana contains 1–8% THC per unit mass. Possession of larger amounts can lead to a 5–10-year prison sentence.[75] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Consumption is illegal even in small amounts. Possession, sale, transportation and cultivation could result in jail time. Possession is not strictly enforced. Heavy fines are given.[76] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Minimum sentence of four years in prison (additional fines may apply) if caught in possession.[77] However, if the user voluntarily reports himself/herself to the police, or is reported by his/her family, the charges will be dropped in accordance to 2009 Narcotics Act, article 24 paragraph 2, 3, 4. | |
Illegal, but legal and/or tolerated in several states such as West Bengal, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa and the North East. | Illegal, but legal and/or tolerated in several states such as West Bengal, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa, the North East. | Illegal, but legal and/or tolerated in several states such as West Bengal, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa, Tripura, and the North East | Illegal, but legal and/or tolerated in several states such as West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Tripura, Gujarat, and the North East | Government-owned shops in holy cities like Varanasi and few other north Indian states sell cannabis in the form of bhang. Despite the high prevalent usage, cannabis remains illegal, but is rarely enforced and treated as low priority across India. Large tracts of cannabis grow unchecked in the wild in many parts of northern and southern India.[78] Many states such as West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa Tripura,gujrat, and the gujrat have their own laws allowing cannabis, locally known as ganja. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In November 2013, a bill was presented to the Irish government by TD Luke 'Ming' Flanagan to legalize Cannabis in the country. However the Cannabis Regulation Bill 2013 was defeated by a margin of 111–8 in Dáil Éireann on 6 November.[79][80][81] It was the first bill of its kind in a National Parliament in Europe. In November 2015, the government announced that it would move towards decriminalising cannabis, cocaine and heroin for personal use.[82] | |
Illegal (legal for medicinal use only) | Illegal (but legal for medicinal use only) | Illegal (but legal for medicinal use only) | Illegal | With it being illegal, however there have been attempts of legalizing recreative use of marijuana and decriminalization of up to 5 grams for adults 21 years of age yet medical use is approved but is a challenge to acquire a prescription and is legislated only for people with terminal illnesses , recreative use depending on amount is punishable by fine and maximum imprisonment of 3 years for simple possession .[83] | |
Illegal (decriminalized, legal for medical and religious usage) | Illegal | IlIegal | Illegal | Possession of small amounts for personal use is a misdemeanor subject to fines and the suspension of documents (passports and/or drivers licenses). The sale of cannabis products is illegal and punishable by imprisonment; cultivation is likewise punishable by imprisonment, even if in small amounts and for exclusive personal use. Licensed cultivation for medical and industrial use is strictly regulated.[84] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Legal | On 25 February 2015, the Jamaican House of Representatives passed a law decriminalizing possession of up to 2 ounces of cannabis. The new law includes provisions legalizing the cultivation for personal use of up to 5 plants, as well as setting up regulations for the cultivation and distribution of cannabis for medical, religious purposes and natural growth.[85] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Use and possession are punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment and a fine. Cultivation, sale, and transport are punishable by up to 7 or 10 years imprisonment and a fine.[86] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As of 2009, a mandatory death penalty is applied for certain cases.[87][88] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis is illegal in Latvia.[89] Possession of larger quantities can be punished with up to 15 years in prison. Possession of quantities up to 1 gram are fined up to 280 euro, for second offences within a year period criminal charges are applied. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession is illegal. However, large amounts are grown within the country and personal use, as long as not in public is not a major issue.[90] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As with all drugs, is a misdemeanour to possess a small quantity (less than 5g of herb or 0.25g of resin) and is punished by fine up to 6250 litas (2.100$), an arrest of 10–45 days, or restriction of freedom up to 2 years. Crime to possess more than a small quantity, is punished by more than 2 years of prison.[91] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession, transportation and consumption are illegal. Prosecution depends on the amount of cannabis one possesses. Since 2001, prison penalty has been substituted by a monetary fine ranging from 250 to 2500 Euros.[92] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | If one possesses a larger amount, a jail sentence of anywhere from three months to five years could possibly be given.[93] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Malaysian legislation provides for a mandatory death penalty for convicted drug traffickers. Individuals arrested in possession of 15 grams (1/2 ounce) of heroin or 200 grams (seven ounces) of marijuana are presumed by law to be trafficking in drugs.[94] | |
Illegal (decriminalized up to 3.5g) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (Cultivation of a cannabis plant for personal use will no longer be punishable by a mandatory prison sentence or suspended sentence specialized doctors will be allowed to prescribe medical cannabis) | Simple possession will still remain an "arrestable offense" is for the police to be able to fight drug trafficking, and says that the possession of a minimal amount of drugs for personal consumption will effectively be decriminalized. First-time offenders will be handed fines of between €50 and €100 in the case of cannabis possession. Repeat offenders will appear before a Drug Offenders Rehabilitation Board, headed by retired Chief of Justice, which will set conditions for rehabilitation. Breaching the conditions would be tantamount to a criminal offence. The Magistrates Court - in cases not involving the use of weapons or violence - would be able t acts as a Drugs Court and refer the accused for treatment to the rehabilitation board. | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Main article: Mexican Drug War On 21 August 2009 Mexico decriminalized "personal use" possession of up to five grams of Cannabis.[95]In November 2015, the Supreme Court ruled that four individuals from the Mexican Society for Responsible and Tolerant Personal Use would be permitted to grow and smoke their own marijuana. The court voted 4-1 that prohibiting people from growing the drug for consumption was unconstitutional as it violated the human right to the free development of one’s personality.[96] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | [97] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Legal (possession up to 6 grams, decriminalized on public use, legal for use in 'coffeeshop') | Legal only for 'coffeeshops' | Illegal (but unenforced for 'coffeeshops') | Illegal (decriminalized up to 5 plants, plants are generally still destroyed.) | Main article: Drug policy of the Netherlands Cannabis products are only sold openly in certain local "coffeeshops" and possession of up to 5 grams for personal use is decriminalized, however: the police may still confiscate it, which notably happens in car checks near the border. Other types of sales and transportation are not permitted, although the general legal approach toward cannabis was before de facto decriminalization.[98][99][100] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | See also: Cannabis in New Zealand
Cultivation, possession or sale of cannabis is illegal.[101] The fruit, seeds, and any other part of the plant are scheduled as Class C substances.[102] Hashish, hash oil, THC, and any other preparations containing THC made by processing the plant are scheduled as Class B substances.[103] In July 2009, a bill promoted by Green Party co-leader Metiria Turei amending the law to permit the use of medicinal cannabis was defeated 84–34 at its first reading, with all members of the ruling National Party voting against it.[104][105] | |
illegall | illegal | illegal | illegal | Despite incorrect reports due to a prevalent herb mixture that resembles marijuana, cannabis is illegal in North Korea and offenders may be sentenced to death. Yet it is rumored to be legal, but this rumor is false.[106] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Main articles: Legal history of cannabis in the United States and United States A bill was passed to legalize marijuana. But the governor will only allow medical cannabis to be legal.[107] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Up to 15 grams is considered an amount for personal use, and is punished with a fine in the case of first-time offenders; possessing more is punished more harshly. Repeat offenders or dealers can face prison charges. The type of fine given for drug offences are of the more serious category, and will appear on a criminal record. Young first-time offenders are routinely compelled to consent to regular drug testing to avoid prosecution.[108] Up to one kilo is punished with up to 2 years in prison. If the amount is larger, the limit is 10 years. Amounts over 80 kilos are punished with sentences of 3 to 15 years, and in very serious cases up to 21 years is permitted.[109][110][111][112] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal |
The use of cannabis is prohibited in Pakistan, however the smoking of hashish in Peshawar and the northern parts of Pakistan tends to be tolerated. One may be sent to jail for up to six months if found with Charas in other parts of the country.[113] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal |
Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Panama are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines.[114] | |
Illegal (decriminalized up to 10 grams) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | In Paraguay, Law N° 1.340 (Art. 30), exempted from punishment those in possession of a maximum of 10 grams of marijuana for personal consumption.[115][116] | |
Illegal (decriminalized up to 8 grams) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession is decriminalized Art. 299 of the Criminal Code. Possession of under 8 grams is considered personal use and it is not punished.[117][118][119][120]
Illegal: Cultivation, production or sell is punished with 8 to 15 years in prison.[121][122] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, makes provision for restricted medical use.[123] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | On 26 May 2011, Poland introduced legislation that would give prosecutors the option to not prosecute for possession of small quantities of cannabis for personal use, if it is a first offence, or if the person is drug dependent.[124] The legislation raised the maximum possible penalty for placing a large number of drugs from 10 to 12 years in prison. However, for possession of large quantities of drugs would result up to 10 years in prison (previously up to 8 years).[125] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal (decriminalized) | In 2001, Portugal became the first country in the world to decriminalize the use of all drugs, and started treating drug users as sick people, instead of criminals, although one can be arrested or assigned mandatory rehab if caught several times in possession. See Drug policy of Portugal.[126] | |
Illegal (medical use only) | Illegal (medical use only) | Illegal (medical use only) | Illegal (medical use only) | Main article: Legal history of cannabis in the United States The Governor of Puerto Rico signed a executive order to legalize cannabis for medicinal use only.[127] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Romania was (before 1990) a leader in hemp fiber, second only to China. Possession of small quantities of drug preparations is punishable by a large fine for first offenders, 6 months to 2 years in prison if the person has been convicted before. Possession of large amounts or trafficking is punishable by 2–7 years of jail time.[128] Decriminalization proposed.[129] Medical use is legal under certain conditions.[130] | |
Illegal (decriminalized), possession of quantities of up to 6 grams | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized), transport of quantities of up to 6 grams | Illegal (decriminalized), cultivation of up to 20 plants | Cannabis seeds contain no controlled substances and are not regulated. Possession of quantities from 6 to 100 grams is a criminal offence with punishment ranging from fine to 2 years in prison. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Use and possession for personal use of any kind of recreational drugs is punishable by imprisonment if caught. Imprisonment for personal use could go up to six months jail time or more. Dealing and smuggling of high amounts of drugs usually result in harsher prison time or even execution, although recently executions are rare. Foreigners who use drugs might be deported.[131] | |
- | - | Illegal | Illegal | Possession is punishable by a fine or by imprisonment of up to 3 years. Sale and transport are punishable by imprisonment from 3 to 12 years. Cultivation is punishable by imprisonment from 6 months to 5 years. Higher penalties for organized crime.[132] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act, making it illegal to cultivate, sell or possess. Those who are caught with 15g of cannabis or more, are presumed as drug traffickers, and are punished with mandatory death penalty.[133] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Possession or use of small amounts of Cannabis (or only 1 joint) is punishable by up to eight years in prison.[134][135] In April 2012, The Wall Street Journal reported that Robert Fico, the incoming Slovak prime minister, might push for partial legalisation of Cannabis possession, and has argued for the legalisation of possession of up to three doses of Cannabis for personal use.[135] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis cultivation is not illegal for cannabis growers, growing cannabis with ≤ 0.2 % THC on a ≤ 0.1 ha surface, or ≥ 0.1 ha surface with a governmental permit for cannabis cultivation.[136] | There was a proposal of 2012 that would decriminalize medical cannabis,[137] failed with not enough support. The petition for support for medical marijuana decriminalization for was re-proposed in 2013,[138] succeeded in gaining enough public support for legal cannabis. Slovenian government instead re-classified cannabinoids from Class I to Class II illegal drugs, thus allowing medical use of cannabinoid drugs but not medical marijuana.,[139][140] Possession of any drug for personal use in small one-time quantities is not a criminal act in Slovenia and there by considered decriminalized. It is instead a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of 42-210 eur or up to 5 days of jail. This can be reduced further if the offender agrees into treatment. The policy is similar to the one in Portugal.[141] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | ||
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Technically illegal but widely available. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis "is illegal in South Korea."[142] South Koreans can be prosecuted in South Korea for use of cannabis in other countries as well, as happened to a South Korean-American hip hop artist who will "spend eight long months in a [South] Korean prison" for his cannabis use while in the U.S.[143] | |
Legal (Private areas only, it is illegal in public areas yet it is decriminalized and only leads to an administrative offense fine.) | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized) | Legal (Only for own consumption. If the plants are located somewhere visible from the street/public place, it's an administrative offense[144]) | Sale and transportation of any quantity of cannabis is a criminal offence, punishable by jail time. The purchase, possession and consumption of cannabis in a public place constitutes a misdemeanour and punishable by a fine and confiscation of the product. Consumption and cultivation by adults in a private space is legal, the latter due to a legal vacuum. Cannabis plants that located somewhere visible from the street/public place (ie. from balconies) are considered a serious administrative offense, which leads to a fine from 601 to 30.000€.[145][146] About 500 private "cannabis clubs" exist in Spain, 200 of them in Barcelona, and Spain is spoken of as the "new Amsterdam," a destination for marijuana tourists.[147] All actions related to cannabis apart from sale or trade aren't considered criminal offenses,[148] and normally are misdemeanors punishable by a fine.[149] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis is illegal in Sri Lanka though it is commonly used in Ayurvedic traditional medicines.[150] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Further information: Drug policy of Sweden It is illegal to sell, transfer, purchase, use or possess any quantity of cannabis in Sweden. Social stigmatisation through social rejection and exclusion from the labourmarket and social services are the most common sanctions in matters regarding personal use. The national police runs a "disturb and annoy" program aimed at users supported by the national "zero tolerance" policy. .[151][152] | |
Illegal (decriminalized) | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Main article: Cannabis in Switzerland
Cannabis is decriminalized for possession, sale or transport is Illegal but cultivation is legal in a private property only . However, usually only the minimum penalty is imposed for possession and personal use, even for larger amounts. The federal council has committed to implement changes as to decriminalization of personal use and possession already in 2001, and the parliament is currently tasked to tender concrete approaches. As nothing is coming forth on a parliamentary basis, a referendum was launched in 2008.[153][154] As of 1 January 2012, the cantons Vaud, Neuchatel, Geneva and Fribourg have allowed the growing and cultivation of up to 4 cannabis plants per person, in an attempt to curb illegal street trafficking,[155] but this cantonal law was unvalidated in October 2012, as federal law must prevail on cantonal law. | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Under the policies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, many cannabis offences, from simple use to trafficking, reportedly often carried a sentence of life imprisonment. As the country has become destabilised as a result of civil war, people living in areas controlled by Kurdish separatists have begun growing cannabis as a way of making money to fight poverty.[156] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Cannabis is a schedule 2 narcotic in the ROC, and possession can result in up to three years imprisonment.[157] | |
illegal | illegal | illegal | illegal |
According to the Thailand Narcotics Act, B.E. 2522 (1979), possession, cultivation, and transport (import/export) of up to 10 kg cannabis may result in a maximum sentence of 5 years in prison and/or a fine. Possession, cultivation, and transport of more than 10 kg is punishable by 2–15 years in prison and/or a fine. For the majority of people arrested for simple possession of small quantities of cannabis ("ganja") a fine, rather than prison time, is imposed. Narcotics police in Thailand currently view methamphetamines (ice and "ya ba") as a more serious issue.[158] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal |
Using or possessing entails 1–5 years of imprisonment + 1000-3000 dinars (around 500$-1500$). Selling, transporting or cultivating entails 6–25 years of imprisonment + 5000-100,000 dinars (around 2500$-50,000$). Tunisia still uses urinalysis to prove cases of use without possession. If the urinalysis is below "20 nanogram/litre", defendant will be accused by inhalation which is 6 months of imprisonment. [159][160][161] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Consuming any drug (personal use or not) is illegal and requires juridical process. Possessing, purchasing or receiving any illegal drug, including Cannabis, is punishable by 1–2 years in prison; there is also the option of treatment and/or probation for up to three years. If users refuse treatment or do not comply with probation requirements, the courts can decide on sentencing.[162] Sale and supply is punishable by a prison term of 5–10 years, and production or trafficking by a minimum term of 10 years.[162] | |
Illegal (decriminalized possession of quantities of up to 5 grams) | Illegal | Illegal (decriminalized possession of quantities of up to 5 grams) | Illegal (decriminalized up to 10 plants) | [163] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Even the smallest amounts of the drug can lead to a mandatory four-year prison sentence.[164] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Main article: Cannabis in the United Kingdom
| |
Illegal at the federal level (but legal at the state level in Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska[166] and the cities of Portland and South Portland, Maine and in Washington, D.C.; decriminalized in 18 states, medicinal legal in 25 states and Guam. All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation.) | Illegal at the federal level (but legal at the state level with a state issued license in Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska. Legal medicinal sales in several additional states.[167] All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation. ) | Illegal at the federal level (but legal at the state level within the states of Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska. Legal for medicinal patients in several additional states. All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation.) | Illegal at the federal level (but legal at the state level for individuals/commercial in Colorado, Alaska and Oregon, individual but not commercial in Washington, D.C., and only commercially in Washington. Medicinal growing is legal in several states as well. All Indian Reservations are allowed to regulate cannabis laws; laws vary by reservation.) | Main articles: Legal history of marijuana in the United States and Legality of cannabis by US state
Laws vary by state, Territory, Indian Reservation, and Washington, DC. Federal law classifies cannabis as a Schedule I substance, the same classification as heroin. The United States Supreme Court has ruled in Gonzales v. Raich that the federal government has the power to regulate and criminalize cannabis, even for medical purposes. The Department of Justice recently allowed recognized Indian reservations to regulate marijuana within their reservation.[168] However, despite the Department of Justice stating that federally recognized Indian reservations have the right to regulate cannabis on their land, the Department of Justice's agency, the Drug Enforcement Administration has been raiding and/or destroying cannabis crops on several reservations creating a double standard among U.S. enforcement agencies.[169] | |
Legal | Legal | Legal | Legal | Main article: Cannabis in Uruguay
José Mujica has fully legalized any use of Cannabis in Uruguay; law does not specify quantity for "personal amount".[170] As of 10 December 2013, the House of Representatives and Senate passed a bill legalizing and regulating the production and sale of the drug. But the president has postponed the implementation to 2015 and parts of the opposition claim that the new law will never be implemented. The new law says that buyers must be 18 or older, residents of Uruguay, and must register with the authorities. Authorities will grow the cannabis that can be sold legally.[171][172][173] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Opiates, cannabis and other plants containing psychotropic substances are illegal.[174] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | As of 15 September 2010 possession of up to 20 grams of Marijuana or 5 grams of genetically modified Marijuana, if proven not to be for medical or personal consumption, is punishable by 1 to 2 years in prison at judge's discretion. If deemed to be for personal consumption, the user is subject to security measures involving rehabilitation and detoxification procedures. Articulos 131 y 153 de la Ley Organica de Drogas.[175] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | [176] | |
Illegal (decriminalized), possession of quantities of up to an ounce | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Main articles: Legal history of cannabis in the United States and United States The governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands approved a bill that decriminalized possession of marijuana up to an ounce.[177] | |
Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | Illegal | [178][179] | |
Country/Territory | Possession | Sale | Transport | Cultivation | Notes |
See also
- Marijuana
- Hemp
- Illegal drug trade
- Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction
- Legal and medical status of cannabis
- Legality of cannabis
- Annual cannabis use by country
- International Narcotics Control Board
- 1946 Lake Success Protocol
- Victimless crime
- Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
- Global Marijuana March
- List of countries by incarceration rate
- Minors and the legality of cannabis
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|title=
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|title=
(help) - ↑ Cannabis legal status vault – Taiwan, Erowid.org, retrieved 2015-11-01
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|title=
(help) - 1 2 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (31 January 2012), Country overview: Turkey, Lisbon: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, OCLC 527925326
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