Lejre

Lejre is a town with a population of 2,415 (1 January 2015)[1] in Lejre Municipality (Danish, kommune) on the island of Zealand in east Denmark. It belongs to Region Sjælland (also spelled Zealand) The town's Old Norse name was Hleiðra or Hleiðragarð. The municipality has an area of 240 km² and a total population of ca. 26,989 (2014). Its mayor is Mette Touborg, representing the Socialist Peoples Party. The municipal seat is Kirke Hvalsø.

History

Lejre was the capital of an Iron Age kingdom sometimes referred to as the "Lejre Kingdom." According to early legends, this was ruled by kings of the Skjöldung dynasty, predecessors of the kings of medieval Denmark. Legends of the kings of Lejre are known from a number of medieval sources, including the twelfth-century Gesta Danorum written by Saxo Grammaticus and the anonymous twelfth-century Chronicon Lethrense, or Chronicle of Lejre. As the home of the Skjölding (Old English Scylding) dynasty mentioned in Beowulf,[2][3] Lejre has long been thought to have been the real-world counterpart to Heorot, the fabulous royal hall where the first part of the action of that Anglo-Saxon poem takes place.[4] Among other works of the medieval imagination that tell of adventures at Lejre,[5] the best known is the fourteenth-century Icelandic Saga of King Hrolf Kraki.[6]

View west from the earliest hall site. Photo J. Niles.

Archeological excavations undertaken since the 1980s have produced dramatic confirmation that medieval legends of Lejre, though largely fabulous, have a basis in history. Research teams led by archaeologist Tom Christensen of Roskilde Museum have uncovered the remains of an extensive Iron Age and Viking Age settlement complex just outside the hamlet of Gammel Lejre ("Old Lejre").[7][8][9][10] Discovered here were the post-holes for a series of large rectangular buildings measuring fifty to sixty meters in length or more. These must have been the halls of powerful magnates or kings. Outbuildings and other structures whose remains were unearthed in this same area indicate that Lejre was also a center for crafts, commerce, and religious observances. The relative absence of weapon finds suggests that the site was more important as a social and economic center than as a military base. A noteworthy loose find that has recently turned up, thanks to metal-detector work, is a tiny silver Viking Age figurine known as Odin from Lejre. This is thought to depict the god Odin enthroned in majesty between ravens.[11]

Øm jættestue: Neolithic passage grave near Gammel Lejre. Photo J. Niles.

Other sites of archaeological interest in the vicinity, long admired by visitors even when their nature was not well understood, are a Viking-Age cemetery that includes several ship settings, a great Iron Age cremation mound ("Grydehøy"), a number of tumuli that are mostly of Bronze Age date, and several Neolithic chamber grave, including one that in modern times has been known as "Harald Hildetandshøy".[12] As for the Iron Age archaeological settlement complex unearthed since the 1980s, its two related parts span the period from about 550 to about 1000 AD, thus confirming the significance of this "land of legends" over a period of almost half a millennium, up to the time when Denmark was converted to Christianity and a new royal capital was established at what is now the cathedral city of Roskilde.

Beech grove in hilly ground west of Lejre. Photo J. Niles.

On account of its imposing monuments as well as its unusual surrounding terrain, Gammel Lejre has long been a focal point for antiquarian scholarship, a source of Danish national pride, and a source of fascination regarding Scandinavian prehistory. Speculations about the prehistory of the area have been fueled by Thietmar of Merseburg's account in his twelfth-century Chronicon (ch. 17) that pagan sacrifices were formerly held every ninth year at Lejre. A wooded path and lake a short distance west of Lejre, as well, was identified by some antiquarian scholars as "Herthadal," the sacred sacrificial precinct of the goddess Nerthus (also called Hertha), whose rites were described by the Roman historian Tacitus in chapter 40 of his Germania. While such speculations can be dismissed as contributing to a "myth of Lejre" that has little to do with the actual Iron Age settlement-complex that has now been excavated,[13] it could be argued that reality and fantasy have always been intertwined in stories pertaining to this region.

Attractions

Lejre Municipality is home to the Land of legends (Sagnlandet Lejre), a center for experimental archaeology and education, which includes reconstructions and recreations from different periods of Denmark’s history— from pre-history to the Viking Age. The centerpiece of the facility is an Iron Age village reconstruction, complete with sacrificial bog. The center is open to the public.

Ledreborg, a palatial Baroque mansion, also lies in the vicinity.[14]

Images

External links

Notes

  1. ↑ "BEF44: Population 1st January, by urban areas" database from Statistics Denmark
  2. ↑ R.D. Fulk et al. (2009), Klaeber's Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, University of Toronto Press, Toronto. ISBN 978-0-8020-9567-1.
  3. ↑ Heaney, Seamus, and John D. Niles (2008). Beowulf: An Illustrated Edition. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-33010-6.
  4. ↑ Niles, John D. (2007). "Beowulf and Lejre." In J.D. Niles, Beowulf and Lejre. Tempe AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. pp. 169–234. ISBN 9780866983686.
  5. ↑ Osborn, Marijane. "Legends of Lejre, Home of Kings". In Beowulf and Lejre. pp. 235–54.
  6. ↑ Byock (trans,), Jesse L. (1998). Saga of King Hrolf Kraki. New York: Penguin.
  7. ↑ Christensen, Tom (2007). Lejre: Fact and Fable (1991). Trans. in Beowulf and Lejre. pp. 21–102.
  8. ↑ Christensen, Tom (2007). "A New Round of Excavations at Lejre (to 2005)." In Beowulf and Lejre. pp. 109–26.
  9. ↑ Christensen, Tom (2015). Lejre bag myten: De arkaeologiske udgravningar. Jysk Arkaeologisk Selskab. ISBN 978-87-88415-96-4.
  10. ↑ Christensen, Tom (2010). "Lejre beyond the Legend: The Archaeological Evidence" (PDF). Settlement and Coastal Research in the Southern North Sea Region 33: 237-54. line feed character in |title= at position 26 (help)
  11. ↑ Christensen, Tom (2013). "A Silver Figurine from Lejre". Danish Journal of Archaeology. doi:10.1080/21662282.2013.808403.
  12. ↑ Andersen, Steen Wolff. "Lejre: Ship Settings, Viking Graves, Grydehøj." 1993. Trans. in Beowulf and Lejre (2007). pp. 143–58.
  13. ↑ Niles, John D. "Lejre in the Modern Era: The Rise and Fall of a Myth". In Beowulf and Lejre. pp. 255–66.
  14. ↑ "Ledreborg" (in Danish). Den Store Danske. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

Coordinates: 55°36′16″N 11°58′30″E / 55.60444°N 11.97500°E / 55.60444; 11.97500

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