Library of America

Library of America
Founded 1979
Country of origin United States
Headquarters location New York City
Publication types Books
Official website www.loa.org

The Library of America (LOA) is a nonprofit publisher of classic American literature.

Overview and history

Founded in 1979 with seed money from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Ford Foundation, the LOA has published over 200 volumes by a wide range of authors from Mark Twain to Philip Roth, Nathaniel Hawthorne to Saul Bellow, including the selected writings of several U.S. presidents.[1]

The Bibliothèque de la Pléiade ("La Pléiade") series published in France provided the model for the LOA, which was long a dream of the critic Edmund Wilson.[2]

The initial publishers included American academic Daniel Aaron,[3] Lawrence Hughes, Helen Honig Meyer, and Roger W. Straus, Jr.. The initial board of advisers included Robert Penn Warren, C. Vann Woodward, R. W. B. Lewis, Robert Coles, Irving Howe, and Eudora Welty. Officers included Richard Poirier, Jason Epstein, Daniel Aaron, and Cheryl Hurley.[2] As of 2009, Hurley remains president of the Library of America.[4][5]

The first volumes were published in 1982, ten years after Wilson's death.[2] Besides the works of many individual writers, the series includes anthologies like Reporting World War II and (in a different format to the above illustration) Writing Los Angeles.

The publisher aims to keep classics in print permanently to preserve America's literary heritage. Although the LOA sells more than a quarter-million volumes annually, the publisher depends on individual contributions to help meet the costs of preparing, marketing and manufacturing its books.

The current Publisher of the Library of America series is Max Rudin, and Geoffrey O'Brien is Editor-in-Chief.

Research and scholarship

LOA volumes are prepared and edited by recognized scholars on the subject. Determined efforts are made to correct errors and omissions in previous editions and create a definitive version of the material. Notes on the text are normally included and the source texts properly identified.

For instance, the LOA text of Richard Wright's Native Son restored a number of passages that had been previously cut. The LOA commissioned a new translation of Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America by Arthur Goldhammer for their edition of the text.

Each volume also includes a chronology of the author's career or significant incidents in the case of the anthology volumes.

Build and manufacture

The books are designed to last generations. Each volume in the series contains (acid-free), thin, but durable paper (allowing books with a large number of pages to remain fairly compact). The paper meets the requirements for permanence set by the American National Standards Institute. The paper will not turn yellow or become brittle. The books are bound with the grain of the paper to ensure that they open easily and lie flat without crinkling or buckling.

The binding cloth is durable woven rayon. The books are Smyth-sewn for permanence and flexibility, and each includes a ribbon marker. Each volume has an identical trim size, based on the "golden section," which the ancient Greeks considered to be the ideal proportion. Each volume contains 700 to 1600 pages.

The typeface used for each volume is Galliard, chosen for its readability and ease on the eyes.

Subscription service

The Library of America provides a subscription service. Subscribers choose an introductory set from a predetermined selection: either American literature (novels, short stories or poetry) or American history (letters, memoirs, biographies, histories). Subscribers determine how often they want to receive a new volume, anywhere from every three weeks to every six months. Subscription editions come without the distinctive black ribbon dust jackets. Instead, subscription edition volumes come in a cardboard slipcover and contain a paper insert summarizing the volume.

The Library of America series

Main series

# Author Title Editor(s) Year ISBN
1 Melville, HermanHerman Melville Typee, Omoo, Mardi Tanselle, G. ThomasG. Thomas Tanselle 1982 978-0-940450-00-4
2 Hawthorne, NathanielNathaniel Hawthorne Tales and Sketches Pearce, Roy HarveyRoy Harvey Pearce 1982 978-0-940450-03-5
3 Whitman, WaltWalt Whitman Poetry and Prose Kaplan, JustinJustin Kaplan 1982 978-0-940450-02-8
4 Beecher Stowe, HarrietHarriet Beecher Stowe Three Novels Sklar, Kathryn KishKathryn Kish Sklar 1982 978-0-940450-01-1
5 Twain, MarkMark Twain Mississippi Writings Cardwell, GuyGuy Cardwell 1982 978-0-940450-07-3
6 London, JackJack London Novels and Stories Pizer, DonaldDonald Pizer 1982 978-0-940450-05-9
7 London, JackJack London Novels and Social Writings Pizer, DonaldDonald Pizer 1982 978-0-940450-06-6
8 Howells, William DeanWilliam Dean Howells Novels 1875–1886 Cady, Edwin M.Edwin M. Cady 1982 978-0-940450-04-2
9 Melville, HermanHerman Melville Redburn, White Jacket, Moby-Dick Tanselle, G. ThomasG. Thomas Tanselle 1983 978-0-940450-09-7
10 Hawthorne, NathanielNathaniel Hawthorne Collected Novels Bell, MillicentMillicent Bell 1983 978-0-940450-08-0
11 Parkman, FrancisFrancis Parkman France and England in North America, vol. 1 Levin, DavidDavid Levin 1983 978-0-940450-10-3
12 Parkman, FrancisFrancis Parkman France and England in North America, vol. 2 Levin, DavidDavid Levin 1983 978-0-940450-11-0
13 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1871–1880 Stafford, William T.William T. Stafford 1983 978-0-940450-13-4
14 Adams, HenryHenry Adams Novels, Mont Saint Michel, The Education Samuels, ErnestErnest Samuels & & Jayne N. Samuels 1983 978-0-940450-12-7
15 Emerson, Ralph WaldoRalph Waldo Emerson Essays and Lectures Porte, JoelJoel Porte 1983 978-0-940450-15-8
16 Irving, WashingtonWashington Irving History, Tales, and Sketches Tuttleton, James W.James W. Tuttleton 1983 978-0-940450-14-1
17 Jefferson, ThomasThomas Jefferson Writings Peterson, Merrill D.Merrill D. Peterson 1984 978-0-940450-16-5
18 Crane, StephenStephen Crane Prose and Poetry Levenson, J. C.J. C. Levenson 1984 978-0-940450-17-2
19 Poe, Edgar AllanEdgar Allan Poe Poetry and Tales Quinn, Patrick F.Patrick F. Quinn 1984 978-0-940450-18-9
20 Poe, Edgar AllanEdgar Allan Poe Essays and Reviews Thompson, G. R.G. R. Thompson 1984 978-0-940450-19-6
21 Twain, MarkMark Twain The Innocents Abroad & Roughing It Cardwell, GuyGuy Cardwell 1984 978-0-940450-25-7
22 James, HenryHenry James Literary Criticism: Essays, American & English Writers Edel, LeonLeon Edel & Mark Wilson 1984 978-0-940450-22-6
23 James, HenryHenry James Literary Criticism: European Writers & The Prefaces Edel, LeonLeon Edel & Mark Wilson 1984 978-0-940450-23-3
24 Melville, HermanHerman Melville Pierre, Israel Potter, The Confidence-Man, Tales & Billy Budd Hayford, HarrisonHarrison Hayford 1985 978-0-940450-24-0
25 Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner Novels 1930–1935 Blotner, JosephJoseph Blotner & Noel Polk 1985 978-0-940450-26-4
26 Cooper, James FenimoreJames Fenimore Cooper The Leatherstocking Tales, vol. 1 Nevius, BlakeBlake Nevius 1985 978-0-940450-20-2
27 Cooper, James FenimoreJames Fenimore Cooper The Leatherstocking Tales, vol. 2 Nevius, BlakeBlake Nevius 1985 978-0-940450-21-9
28 Thoreau, Henry DavidHenry David Thoreau A Week, Walden, The Maine Woods, Cape Cod Sayre, Robert F.Robert F. Sayre 1985 978-0-940450-27-1
29 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1881–1886 Stafford, William T.William T. Stafford 1985 978-0-940450-30-1
30 Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton Novels Lewis, R. W. B.R. W. B. Lewis 1986 978-0-940450-31-8
31 Adams, HenryHenry Adams History of the United States during the Administrations of Jefferson Harbert, Earl N.Earl N. Harbert 1986 978-0-940450-34-9
32 Adams, HenryHenry Adams History of the United States during the Administrations of Madison Harbert, Earl N.Earl N. Harbert 1986 978-0-940450-35-6
33 Norris, FrankFrank Norris Novels and Essays Pizer, DonaldDonald Pizer 1986 978-0-940450-40-0
34 Du Bois, W. E. B.W. E. B. Du Bois Writings Huggins, Nathan I.Nathan I. Huggins 1986 978-0-940450-33-2
35 Cather, WillaWilla Cather Early Novels and Stories O'Brien, SharonSharon O'Brien 1987 978-0-940450-39-4
36 Dreiser, TheodoreTheodore Dreiser Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, Twelve Men Lehan, RichardRichard Lehan 1987 978-0-940450-41-7
37A Franklin, BenjaminBenjamin Franklin Silence Dogood, The Busy-Body, & Early Writings Lemay, J. A. LeoJ. A. Leo Lemay 1987
2005
978-1-931082-22-8
37B Franklin, BenjaminBenjamin Franklin Autobiography, Poor Richard, & Later Writings Lemay, J. A. LeoJ. A. Leo Lemay 1987
2005
978-1-883011-53-6
38 James, WilliamWilliam James Writings 1902–1910 Kuklick, BruceBruce Kuklick 1987 978-0-940450-38-7
39 O'Connor, FlanneryFlannery O'Connor Collected Works Fitzgerald, SallySally Fitzgerald 1988 978-0-940450-37-0
40 O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill Complete Plays 1913–1920 Bogard, TravisTravis Bogard 1988 978-0-940450-48-6
41 O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill Complete Plays 1920–1931 Bogard, TravisTravis Bogard 1988 978-0-940450-49-3
42 O'Neill, EugeneEugene O'Neill Complete Plays 1932–1943 Bogard, TravisTravis Bogard 1988 978-0-940450-50-9
43 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1886–1890 Fogel, Daniel MarkDaniel Mark Fogel 1989 978-0-940450-56-1
44 Howells, William DeanWilliam Dean Howells Novels 1886–1888 Cook, Don L.Don L. Cook 1989 978-0-940450-51-6
45 Lincoln, AbrahamAbraham Lincoln Speeches and Writings 1832–1858 Fehrenbacher, Don E.Don E. Fehrenbacher 1989 978-0-940450-43-1
46 Lincoln, AbrahamAbraham Lincoln Speeches and Writings 1859–1865 Fehrenbacher, Don E.Don E. Fehrenbacher 1989 978-0-940450-63-9
47 Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton Novellas and Other Writings Wolff, Cynthia GriffinCynthia Griffin Wolff 1990 978-0-940450-53-0
48 Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner Novels 1936–1940 Blotner, JosephJoseph Blotner & Noel Polk 1990 978-0-940450-55-4
49 Cather, WillaWilla Cather Later Novels O'Brien, SharonSharon O'Brien 1990 978-0-940450-52-3
50 Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant Personal Memoirs and Selected Letters McFeeley, Mary DrakeMary Drake McFeeley & William S. McFeeley 1990 978-0-940450-58-5
51 Sherman, William TecumsehWilliam Tecumseh Sherman Memoirs Royster, CharlesCharles Royster 1990 978-0-940450-65-3
52 Irving, WashingtonWashington Irving Bracebridge Hall, Tales of a Traveller, The Alhambra Myers, AndrewAndrew Myers 1991 978-0-940450-59-2
53 Parkman, FrancisFrancis Parkman The Oregon Trail, The Conspiracy of Pontiac Taylor, William R.William R. Taylor 1991 978-0-940450-54-7
54 Cooper, James FenimoreJames Fenimore Cooper Sea Tales, The Pilot, The Red Rover House, Kay SeymourKay Seymour House & Thomas Philbrick 1991 978-0-940450-70-7
55 Wright, RichardRichard Wright Early Works Rampersad, ArnoldArnold Rampersad 1991 978-0-94045066-0
56 Wright, RichardRichard Wright Later Works Rampersad, ArnoldArnold Rampersad 1991 978-0-940450-67-7
57 Cather, WillaWilla Cather Stories, Poems, and Other Writings O'Brien, SharonSharon O'Brien 1991 978-0-940450-71-4
58 James, WilliamWilliam James Writings 1878–1899 Myers, GeraldGerald Myers 1992 978-0-940450-72-1
59 Lewis, SinclairSinclair Lewis Main Street & Babbitt Hersey, JohnJohn Hersey 1992 978-0-940450-61-5
60 Twain, MarkMark Twain Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches & Essays 1852–1890 Budd, Louis J.Louis J. Budd 1992 978-0-940450-36-3
61 Twain, MarkMark Twain Collected Tales, Sketches, Speeches & Essays 1891–1910 Budd, Louis J.Louis J. Budd 1992 978-0-940450-73-8
62 various The Debate on the Constitution: Part One Bailyn, BernardBernard Bailyn 1993 978-0-940450-42-4
63 various The Debate on the Constitution: Part Two Bailyn, BernardBernard Bailyn 1993 978-0-940450-64-6
64 James, HenryHenry James Collected Travel Writings: Great Britain & America Howard, RichardRichard Howard 1993 978-0-940450-76-9
65 James, HenryHenry James Collected Travel Writings: The Continent Howard, RichardRichard Howard 1993 978-0-940450-77-6
66 various American Poetry: The Nineteenth Century, Vol. 1 Hollander, JohnJohn Hollander 1993 978-0-940450-60-8
67 various American Poetry: The Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2 Hollander, JohnJohn Hollander 1993 978-0-940450-78-3
68 Douglass, FrederickFrederick Douglass Autobiography Gates, Jr., Henry LouisHenry Louis Gates, Jr. 1994 978-0-940450-79-0
69 Jewett, Sarah OrneSarah Orne Jewett Novels and Stories Bell, Michael DavittMichael Davitt Bell 1994 978-0-940450-74-5
70 Emerson, Ralph WaldoRalph Waldo Emerson Collected Poems and Translations Bloom, HaroldHarold Bloom & Paul Kane 1994 978-0-940450-28-8
71 Twain, MarkMark Twain Historical Romances Harris, Susan K.Susan K. Harris 1994 978-0-940450-82-0
72 Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck Novels and Stories 1932–1937 DeMott, RobertRobert DeMott & Elaine A. Steinbeck 1994 978-1-883011-01-7
73 Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner Novels 1942–1954 Blotner, JosephJoseph Blotner & Noel Polk 1994 978-0-940450-85-1
74 Hurston, Zora NealeZora Neale Hurston Novels and Stories Wall, Cheryl A.Cheryl A. Wall 1995 978-0-940450-83-7
75 Hurston, Zora NealeZora Neale Hurston Folklore, Memoirs, and Other Writings Wall, Cheryl A.Cheryl A. Wall 1995 978-0-940450-84-4
76 Paine, ThomasThomas Paine Collected Writings Foner, EricEric Foner 1995 978-1-883011-03-1
77 various Reporting World War II: American Journalism 1938–1944 Advisory Board: Samuel Hynes, Anne Matthews, et al. 1995 978-1-883011-04-8
78 various Reporting World War II: American Journalism 1944–1946 Advisory Board: Samuel Hynes, Anne Matthews, et al. 1995 978-1-883011-05-5
79 Chandler, RaymondRaymond Chandler Stories and Early Novels MacShane, FrankFrank MacShane 1995 978-1-883011-07-9
80 Chandler, RaymondRaymond Chandler Later Novels and Other Writings MacShane, FrankFrank MacShane 1995 978-1-883011-08-6
81 Frost, RobertRobert Frost Collected Poems, Prose & Plays Poirier, RichardRichard Poirier & Mark Richardson 1995 978-1-883011-06-2
82 James, HenryHenry James Complete Stories 1892–1898 Hollander, JohnJohn Hollander, David Bromwich, Denis Donoghue 1996 978-1-883011-09-3
83 James, HenryHenry James Complete Stories 1898–1910 Hollander, JohnJohn Hollander, David Bromwich, Denis Donoghue 1996 978-1-883011-10-9
84 Bartram, WilliamWilliam Bartram Travels and Other Writings Slaughter, ThomasThomas Slaughter 1996 978-1-883011-11-6
85 Dos Passos, JohnJohn Dos Passos U.S.A. Ludington, TownsendTownsend Ludington & Daniel Aaron 1996 978-1-883011-14-7
86 Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath and Other Writings 1936–1941 DeMott, RobertRobert DeMott & Elaine A. Steinbeck 1996 978-1-883011-15-4
87 Nabokov, VladimirVladimir Nabokov Novels and Memoirs 1943–1951 Boyd, BrianBrian Boyd 1996 978-1-883011-18-5
88 Nabokov, VladimirVladimir Nabokov Novels 1955–1962 Boyd, BrianBrian Boyd 1996 978-1-883011-19-2
89 Nabokov, VladimirVladimir Nabokov Novels 1969–1974 Boyd, BrianBrian Boyd 1996 978-1-883011-20-8
90 Thurber, JamesJames Thurber Writings and Drawings Keillor, GarrisonGarrison Keillor 1996 978-1-883011-22-2
91 Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington Writings Rhodehamel, JohnJohn Rhodehamel 1997 978-1-883011-23-9
92 Muir, JohnJohn Muir Nature Writings Cronon, WilliamWilliam Cronon 1997 978-1-883011-24-6
93 West, NathanaelNathanael West Novels and Other Writings Bercovitch, SacvanSacvan Bercovitch 1997 978-1-883011-28-4
94 various Crime Novels: American Noir of the 1930s and 40s Polito, RobertRobert Polito 1997 978-1-883011-46-8
95 various Crime Novels: American Noir of the 1950s Polito, RobertRobert Polito 1997 978-1-883011-49-9
96 Stevens, WallaceWallace Stevens Collected Poetry and Prose Kermode, FrankFrank Kermode & Joan Richardson 1997 978-1-883011-45-1
97 Baldwin, JamesJames Baldwin Early Novels and Stories Morrison, ToniToni Morrison 1998 978-1-883011-51-2
98 Baldwin, JamesJames Baldwin Collected Essays Morrison, ToniToni Morrison 1998 978-1-883011-52-9
99 Stein, GertrudeGertrude Stein Writings 1903–1932 Chessman, HarrietHarriet Chessman & Catharine R. Stimpson 1998 978-1-883011-40-6
100 Stein, GertrudeGertrude Stein Writings 1932–1946 Chessman, HarrietHarriet Chessman & Catharine R. Stimpson 1998 978-1-883011-41-3
101 Welty, EudoraEudora Welty Complete Novels Ford, RichardRichard Ford & Michael Kreyling 1998 978-1-883011-54-3
102 Welty, EudoraEudora Welty Stories, Essays, & Memoir Ford, RichardRichard Ford & Michael Kreyling 1998 978-1-883011-55-0
103 Brown, Charles BrockdenCharles Brockden Brown Three Gothic Novels Krause, Sydney J.Sydney J. Krause 1998 978-1-883011-57-4
104 various Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism 1959–1969 Advisory board: Milton J. Bates, Lawrence Lichty, et al. 1998 978-1-883011-58-1
105 various Reporting Vietnam: American Journalism 1969–1975 Advisory board: Milton J. Bates, Lawrence Lichty, et al. 1998 978-1-883011-59-8
106 James, HenryHenry James Complete Stories 1874–1884 Vance, WilliamWilliam Vance 1999 978-1-883011-63-5
107 James, HenryHenry James Complete Stories 1884–1891 Said, EdwardEdward Said 1999 978-1-883011-64-2
108 various American Sermons: The Pilgrims to Martin Luther King Jr. Warner, MichaelMichael Warner 1999 978-1-883011-65-9
109 Madison, JamesJames Madison Writings Rakove, Jack N.Jack N. Rakove 1999 978-1-883011-66-6
110 Hammett, DashiellDashiell Hammett Complete Novels Marcus, StevenSteven Marcus 1999 978-1-883011-67-3
111 James, HenryHenry James Complete Stories 1864–1874 Strouse, JeanJean Strouse 1999 978-1-883011-70-3
112 Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner Novels 1957–1962 Polk, NoelNoel Polk (notes by Joseph Blotner) 1999 978-1-883011-69-7
113 Audubon, John JamesJohn James Audubon Writings & Drawings Irmscher, ChristophChristoph Irmscher 1999 978-1-883011-68-0
114 various Slave Narratives Andrews, William L.William L. Andrews & Henry Louis Gates, Jr. 2000 978-1-883011-76-5
115 various American Poetry: The Twentieth Century, Vol. 1 Advisory board: Robert Hass, John Hollander, et al. 2000 978-1-883011-77-2
116 various American Poetry: The Twentieth Century, Vol. 2 Advisory board: Robert Hass, John Hollander, et al. 2000 978-1-883011-78-9
117 Fitzgerald, F. ScottF. Scott Fitzgerald Novels and Stories 1920–1922 Bryer, Jackson R.Jackson R. Bryer 2000 978-1-883011-84-0
118 Longfellow, Henry WadsworthHenry Wadsworth Longfellow Poems and Other Writings McClatchy, J.D.J.D. McClatchy 2000 978-1-883011-85-7
119 Williams, TennesseeTennessee Williams Plays 1937–1955 Gussow, MelMel Gussow & Kenneth Holditch 2000 978-1-883011-86-4
120 Williams, TennesseeTennessee Williams Plays 1957–1980 Gussow, MelMel Gussow & Kenneth Holditch 2000 978-1-883011-87-1
121 Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton Collected Stories 1891–1910 Howard, MaureenMaureen Howard 2001 978-1-883011-93-2
122 Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton Collected Stories 1911–1937 Howard, MaureenMaureen Howard 2001 978-1-883011-94-9
123 various The American Revolution: Writings from the War of Independence Rhodehamel, JohnJohn Rhodehamel 2001 978-1-883011-91-8
124 Thoreau, Henry DavidHenry David Thoreau Collected Essays and Poems Witherell, Elizabeth HallElizabeth Hall Witherell 2001 978-1-883011-95-6
125 Hammett, DashiellDashiell Hammett Crime Stories and Other Writings Marcus, StevenSteven Marcus 2001 978-1-931082-00-6
126 Powell, DawnDawn Powell Novels 1930–1942: Dance Night/Come Back to Sorrento/ Turn, Magic Wheel/Angels on Toast/A Time to Be Born Page, TimTim Page 2001 978-1-931082-01-3
127 Powell, DawnDawn Powell Novels 1944–1962: My Home Is Far Away/The Locusts Have No King/The Wicked Pavilion/The Golden Spur Page, TimTim Page 2001 978-1-931082-02-0
128 McCullers, CarsonCarson McCullers Complete Novels Dews, CarlosCarlos Dews 2001 978-1-931082-03-7
129 Hamilton, AlexanderAlexander Hamilton Writings Freeman, Joanne B.Joanne B. Freeman 2001 978-1-931082-04-4
130 Twain, MarkMark Twain The Gilded Age and Later Novels Hill, Hamlin L.Hamlin L. Hill 2002 978-1-931082-10-5
131 Chesnutt, Charles W.Charles W. Chesnutt Stories, Novels, and Essays Sollors, WernerWerner Sollors 2002 978-1-931082-06-8
132 Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck Novels 1942–1952 DeMott, RobertRobert DeMott 2002 978-1-931082-07-5
133 Lewis, SinclairSinclair Lewis Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, Dodsworth Lingeman, RichardRichard Lingeman 2002 978-1-931082-08-2
134 Bowles, PaulPaul Bowles The Sheltering Sky, Let It Come Down, The Spider's House Halpern, DanielDaniel Halpern 2002 978-1-931082-19-8
135 Bowles, PaulPaul Bowles Complete Stories & Later Writings Halpern, DanielDaniel Halpern 2002 978-1-931082-20-4
136 Chopin, KateKate Chopin Complete Novels & Stories Gilbert, Sandra M.Sandra M. Gilbert 2002 978-1-931082-21-1
137 various Reporting Civil Rights: American Journalism 1941–1963 Advisory board: Clayborne Carson, David J. Garrow, Bill Kovach, Carol Polsgrove 2003 978-1-931082-28-0
138 various Reporting Civil Rights: American Journalism 1963–1973 Advisory board: Clayborne Carson, David J. Garrow, Bill Kovach, Carol Polsgrove 2003 978-1-931082-29-7
139 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1896–1899 Jehlen, MyraMyra Jehlen 2003 978-1-931082-30-3
140 Dreiser, TheodoreTheodore Dreiser An American Tragedy Riggio, Thomas P.Thomas P. Riggio 2003 978-1-931082-31-0
141 Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow Novels 1944–1953 Wood, JamesJames Wood 2003 978-1-931082-38-9
142 Dos Passos, JohnJohn Dos Passos Novels 1920–1925 Ludington, TownsendTownsend Ludington 2003 978-1-931082-39-6
143 Dos Passos, JohnJohn Dos Passos Travel Books and Other Writings Ludington, TownsendTownsend Ludington 2003 978-1-931082-40-2
144 Pound, EzraEzra Pound Poems and Translations Sieburth, RichardRichard Sieburth 2003 978-1-931082-41-9
145 Johnson, James WeldonJames Weldon Johnson Writings Andrews, William L.William L. Andrews 2004 978-1-931082-52-5
146 Irving, WashingtonWashington Irving Three Western Narratives Ronda, James P.James P. Ronda 2004 978-1-931082-53-2
147 de Tocqueville, AlexisAlexis de Tocqueville Democracy in America Zunz, OlivierOlivier Zunz 2004 978-1-931082-54-9
148 Farrell, James T.James T. Farrell Studs Lonigan: A Trilogy Hamill, PetePete Hamill 2004 978-1-931082-55-6
149 Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer Stories Vol. 1 Stavans, IlanIlan Stavans 2004 978-1-931082-61-7
150 Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer Stories Vol. 2 Stavans, IlanIlan Stavans 2004 978-1-931082-62-4
151 Singer, Isaac BashevisIsaac Bashevis Singer Stories Vol. 3 Stavans, IlanIlan Stavans 2004 978-1-931082-63-1
152 Kaufman, GeorgeGeorge Kaufman & Co. Broadway Comedies Maslon, LaurenceLaurence Maslon 2004 978-1-931082-67-9
153 Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt The Rough Riders and an Autobiography Auchincloss, LouisLouis Auchincloss 2004 978-1-931082-65-5
154 Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt Letters and Speeches Auchincloss, LouisLouis Auchincloss 2004 978-1-931082-66-2
155 Lovecraft, H. P.H. P. Lovecraft Tales Straub, PeterPeter Straub 2005 978-1-931082-72-3
156 Alcott, Louisa MayLouisa May Alcott Little Women, Little Men, Jo's Boys Showalter, ElaineElaine Showalter 2005 978-1-931082-73-0
157 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels and Stories 1959–1962: Goodbye, Columbus & Five Short Stories/Letting Go Miller, RossRoss Miller 2005 978-1-931082-79-2
158 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels 1967–1972: When She Was Good/Portnoy's Complaint/Our Gang/The Breast Miller, RossRoss Miller 2005 978-1-931082-80-8
159 Agee, JamesJames Agee Let Us Now Praise Famous Men, A Death in the Family, Shorter Fiction Sragow, MichaelMichael Sragow 2005 978-1-931082-81-5
160 Agee, JamesJames Agee Film Writing and Selected Journalism Sragow, MichaelMichael Sragow 2005 978-1-931082-82-2
161 Dana, Jr., Richard HenryRichard Henry Dana, Jr. Two Years Before the Mast & Other Voyages Philbrick, ThomasThomas Philbrick 2005 978-1-931082-83-9
162 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1901–1902 Bersani, LeoLeo Bersani 2006 978-1-931082-88-4
163 Miller, ArthurArthur Miller Collected Plays 1944–1961 Kushner, TonyTony Kushner 2006 978-1-931082-91-4
164 Faulkner, WilliamWilliam Faulkner Novels 1926–1929: Soldiers' Pay/Mosquitoes/Flags in the Dust/The Sound and the Fury Blotner, JosephJoseph Blotner & Noel Polk 2006 978-1-931082-89-1
165 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels 1973–1977: The Great American Novel/My Life as a Man/The Professor of Desire Miller, RossRoss Miller 2006 978-1-931082-96-9
166 various American Speeches: Revolution to Civil War Widmer, TedTed Widmer 2006 978-1-931082-97-6
167 various American Speeches: Lincoln to Clinton Widmer, TedTed Widmer 2006 978-1-931082-98-3
168 Crane, HartHart Crane Complete Poems and Selected Letters Hammer, LangdonLangdon Hammer 2006 978-1-931082-99-0
169 Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow Novels 1956–1964 Wood, JamesJames Wood 2007 978-1-59853-002-5
170 Steinbeck, JohnJohn Steinbeck Travels With Charlie and later novels, 1947–1962 DeMott, RobertRobert DeMott & Brian Railsback 2007 978-1-59853-004-9
171 Smith, Captain JohnCaptain John Smith Writings, with Other Narratives of Roanoke, Jamestown, and the English Settlement of America Horn, JamesJames Horn 2007 978-1-59853-001-8
172 Wilder, ThorntonThornton Wilder Collected Plays and Writings on Theater McClatchy, J. D.J. D. McClatchy 2007 978-1-59853-003-2
173 Dick, Philip K.Philip K. Dick Four Novels of the 1960s: The Man in the High Castle/The Three Stigmata of Palmer Eldritch/Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?/Ubik Lethem, JonathanJonathan Lethem 2007 978-1-59853-009-4
174 Kerouac, JackJack Kerouac Road Novels: 1957–1960 Brinkley, DouglasDouglas Brinkley 2007 978-1-59853-012-4
175 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Zuckerman Bound: A Trilogy and Epilogue; Novels 1979–1985: The Ghost Writer/Zuckerman Unbound/The Anatomy Lesson/The Prague Orgy Miller, RossRoss Miller 2007 978-1-59853-011-7
176 Wilson, EdmundEdmund Wilson Literary Essays and Reviews of the 1920s & 30s: The Shores of Light / Axel's Castle / Uncollected Reviews Dabney, Lewis M.Lewis M. Dabney 2007 978-1-59853-013-1
177 Wilson, EdmundEdmund Wilson Literary Essays and Reviews of the 1930s & 40s: The Triple Thinkers, The Wound and the Bow, Classics and Commercials, Uncollected Reviews Dabney, Lewis M.Lewis M. Dabney 2007 978-1-59853-014-8
178 various American Poetry: The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Shields, David S.David S. Shields 2007 978-1-931082-90-7
179 Maxwell, WilliamWilliam Maxwell Early Novels and Stories: Bright Center of Heaven / They Came Like Swallows / The Folded Leaf / Time Will Darken It / Stories 1938–1956 Carduff, ChristopherChristopher Carduff 2008 978-1-59853-026-1
180 Bishop, ElizabethElizabeth Bishop Poems, Prose and Letters Giroux, RobertRobert Giroux & Lloyd Schwartz 2008 978-1-59853-017-9
181 Liebling, A. J.A. J. Liebling World War II Writings: The Road Back to Paris /Mollie and Other War Pieces / Uncollected War Journalism / Normandy Revisited Hamill, PetePete Hamill 2008 978-1-59853-040-7
182 various American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau McKibben, BillBill McKibben (foreword by Al Gore) 2008 978-1-59853-020-9
183 Dick, Philip K.Philip K. Dick Five Novels of the 1960s and 70s: Martian Time-Slip / Dr. Bloodmoney / Now Wait for Last Year / Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said / A Scanner Darkly Lethem, JonathanJonathan Lethem 2008 978-1-59853-025-4
184 Maxwell, WilliamWilliam Maxwell Later Novels and Stories: The Château / So Long, See You Tomorrow / Stories and Improvisations 1957–1999 Carduff, ChristopherChristopher Carduff 2008 978-1-59853-026-1
185 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels and Other Narratives 1986 - 1991: The Counterlife / The Facts / Deception / Patrimony Miller, RossRoss Miller 2008 978-1-59853-030-8
186 Porter, Katherine AnneKatherine Anne Porter Collected Stories and Other Writings Unrue, Darlene HarbourDarlene Harbour Unrue 2008 978-1-59853-029-2
187 Ashbery, JohnJohn Ashbery Collected Poems 1956–1987 Ford, MarkMark Ford 2008 978-1-59853-028-5
188 Cheever, JohnJohn Cheever Collected Stories and Other Writings Bailey, BlakeBlake Bailey 2009 978-1-59853-034-6
189 Cheever, JohnJohn Cheever Complete Novels Bailey, BlakeBlake Bailey 2009 978-1-59853-035-3
190 Hearn, LafcadioLafcadio Hearn American Writings: Some Chinese Ghosts / Chita / Two Years in the French West Indies / Youma / Selected Journalism and Letters Benfey, ChristopherChristopher Benfey 2009 978-1-59853-039-1
191 Liebling, A. J.A. J. Liebling The Sweet Science and Other Writings Hamill, PetePete Hamill 2009 978-1-59853-040-7
192 various The Lincoln Anthology: Great Writers on His Life and Legacy from 1860 to Now Holzer, HaroldHarold Holzer 2009 978-1-59853-033-9
193 Dick, Philip K.Philip K. Dick VALIS and Later Novels Lethem, JonathanJonathan Lethem 2009 978-1-59853-044-5
194 Wilder, ThorntonThornton Wilder The Bridge of San Luis Rey and Other Novels McClatchy, J. D.J. D. McClatchy 2009 978-1-59853-045-2
195 Carver, RaymondRaymond Carver Collected Stories Stull, William L.William L. Stull & Maureen P. Carroll 2009 978-1-59853-046-9
196 various American Fantastic Tales: Terror and the Uncanny from Poe to the Pulps Straub, PeterPeter Straub 2009 978-1-59853-047-6
197 various American Fantastic Tales: 1940s to Now Straub, PeterPeter Straub 2009 978-1-59853-048-3
198 Marshall, JohnJohn Marshall Writings Hobson, Charles F.Charles F. Hobson 2010 978-1-59853-064-3
199 various The Mark Twain Anthology: Great Writers on His Life and Works Fishkin, Shelley FisherShelley Fisher Fishkin 2010 978-1-59853-065-0
200 Twain, MarkMark Twain A Tramp Abroad, Following the Equator, Other Travels Blount, Jr., RoyRoy Blount, Jr. 2010 978-1-59853-066-7
201 Emerson, Ralph WaldoRalph Waldo Emerson Selected Journals 1820–1842 Rosenwald, LawrenceLawrence Rosenwald 2010 978-1-59853-067-4
202 Emerson, Ralph WaldoRalph Waldo Emerson Selected Journals 1841–1877 Rosenwald, LawrenceLawrence Rosenwald 2010 978-1-59853-068-1
203 various The American Stage: Writing on Theater from Washington Irving to Tony Kushner Senelick, LaurenceLaurence Senelick 2010 978-1-59853-069-8
204 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels 1993-1995: Operation Shylock / Sabbath's Theater Miller, RossRoss Miller 2010 978-1-59853-078-0
205 Jackson, ShirleyShirley Jackson Novels and Stories Oates, Joyce CarolJoyce Carol Oates 2010 978-1-59853-072-8
206 Mencken, Henry LouisHenry Louis Mencken Prejudices: First, Second, and Third Series Rodgers, Marion ElizabethMarion Elizabeth Rodgers 2010 978-1-59853-076-6
207 Mencken, Henry LouisHenry Louis Mencken Prejudices: Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Series Rodgers, Marion ElizabethMarion Elizabeth Rodgers 2010 978-1-59853-076-6
208 Galbraith, John KennethJohn Kenneth Galbraith The Affluent Society and Other Writings 1952–1967 Galbraith, James K.James K. Galbraith 2010 978-1-59853-077-3
209 Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow Novels 1970-1982: Mr. Sammler's Planet / Humboldt's Gift / The Dean's December Wood, JamesJames Wood 2010 978-1-59853-079-7
210 Ward, LyndLynd Ward Gods' Man, Madman's Drum, Wild Pilgrimage Spiegelman, ArtArt Spiegelman 2010 978-1-59853-082-7
211 Ward, LyndLynd Ward Prelude to a Million Years, Song Without Words, Vertigo Spiegelman, ArtArt Spiegelman 2010 978-1-59853-082-7
212 various The Civil War: The First Year Told by Those Who Lived It Simpson, Brooks D.Brooks D. Simpson 2011 978-1-59853-088-9
213 Adams, JohnJohn Adams Revolutionary Writings 1755-1775 Wood, Gordon S.Gordon S. Wood 2011 978-1-59853-089-6
214 Adams, JohnJohn Adams Revolutionary Writings 1775-1783 Wood, Gordon S.Gordon S. Wood 2011 978-1-59853-090-2
215 James, HenryHenry James Novels 1903-1911 Posnock, RossRoss Posnock 2011 978-1-59853-091-9
216 Vonnegut, KurtKurt Vonnegut Novels and Stories 1963–1973 Sidney Offit 2011 978-1-59853-098-8
217 various Harlem Renaissance Novels: Five Novels of the 1920s Zafar, RafiaRafia Zafar 2011 978-1-59853-099-5
218 various Harlem Renaissance Novels: Five Novels of the 1930s Zafar, RafiaRafia Zafar 2011 978-1-59853-101-5
219 Bierce, AmbroseAmbrose Bierce The Devil's Dictionary, Tales, & Memoirs Joshi, S. T.S. T. Joshi 2011 978-1-59853-102-2
220 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth The American Trilogy 1997–2000 Miller, RossRoss Miller 2011 978-1-59853-103-9
221 various The Civil War: The Second Year Told by Those Who Lived It Sears, Stephen W.Stephen W. Sears 2012 978-1-59853-144-2
222 Tuchman, BarbaraBarbara Tuchman The Guns of August, The Proud Tower MacMillan, MargaretMargaret MacMillan 2012 978-1-59853-145-9
223 Miller, ArthurArthur Miller Collected Plays 1964–1982 Kushner, TonyTony Kushner 2012 978-1-59853-147-3
224 Wilder, ThorntonThornton Wilder The Eighth Day, Theophilus North, & Autobiographical Writings McClatchy, J. D.J. D. McClatchy 2012 978-1-59853-146-6
225 Goodis, DavidDavid Goodis Five Noir Novels of the 1940s and 50s Polito, RobertRobert Polito 2012 978-1-59853-148-0
226 Vonnegut, KurtKurt Vonnegut Novels & Stories 1950–1962 Sidney Offit 2012 978-1-59853-150-3
227 various American Science Fiction: Nine Classic Novels of the 1950s Volume 1: 1953–1956 Wolfe, Gary K.Gary K. Wolfe 2012 978-1-59853-158-9
228 various American Science Fiction: Nine Classic Novels of the 1950s Volume 2: 1956–1958 Wolfe, Gary K.Gary K. Wolfe 2012 978-1-59853-159-6
229 Wilder, Laura IngallsLaura Ingalls Wilder The Little House Books Volume 1 Fraser, CarolineCaroline Fraser 2012 978-1-59853-160-2
230 Wilder, Laura IngallsLaura Ingalls Wilder The Little House Books Volume 2 Fraser, CarolineCaroline Fraser 2012 978-1-59853-161-9
231 Kerouac, JackJack Kerouac Collected Poems Phipps-Kettlewell, MarilèneMarilène Phipps-Kettlewell 2012 978-1-59853-193-0
232 various The War of 1812: Writings from America’s Second War of Independence Hickey, Donald R.Donald R. Hickey 2013 978-1-59853-195-4
233 various American Antislavery Writings: Colonial Beginnings to Emancipation Basker, James G.James G. Basker 2012 978-1-59853-196-1
234 various The Civil War: The Third Year Told by Those Who Lived It Sears, Stephen W.Stephen W. Sears 2013 978-1-59853-197-8
235 Anderson, SherwoodSherwood Anderson Collected Stories Baxter, CharlesCharles Baxter 2013 978-1-59853-204-3
236 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Novels 2001–2007 Miller, RossRoss Miller 2013 978-1-59853-198-5
237 Roth, PhilipPhilip Roth Nemeses Miller, RossRoss Miller 2013 978-1-59853-199-2
238 Leopold, AldoAldo Leopold A Sand County Almanac & Other Writings on Conservation and Ecology Meine, CurtCurt Meine 2013 978-1-59853-206-7
239 Swenson, MayMay Swenson Collected Poems Hammer, LangdonLangdon Hammer 2013 978-1-59853-210-4
240 Merwin, W. S.W. S. Merwin Collected Poems 1953–1993 McClatchy, J. D.J. D. McClatchy 2013 978-1-59853-208-1
241 Merwin, W. S.W. S. Merwin Collected Poems 1996–2013 McClatchy, J. D.J. D. McClatchy 2013 978-1-59853-209-8
242 Updike, JohnJohn Updike Collected Early Stories Carduff, ChristopherChristopher Carduff 2013 978-1-59853-251-7
243 Updike, JohnJohn Updike Collected Later Stories Carduff, ChristopherChristopher Carduff 2013 978-1-59853-252-4
244 Lardner, RingRing Lardner Stories & Other Writings Frazier, IanIan Frazier 2013 978-1-59853-253-1
245 Edwards, JonathanJonathan Edwards Writings from the Great Awakening Gura, Philip F.Philip F. Gura 2013 978-1-59853-254-8
246 Sontag, SusanSusan Sontag Essays of the 1960s & 70s Rieff, DavidDavid Rieff 2013 978-1-59853-255-5
247 Brown, William WellsWilliam Wells Brown Clotel & Other Writings Greenspan, EzraEzra Greenspan 2014 978-1-59853-291-3
248 Malamud, BernardBernard Malamud Novels and Stories of the 1940s & 50s Davis, PhilipPhilip Davis 2014 978-1-59853-292-0
249 Malamud, BernardBernard Malamud Novels and Stories of the 1960s Davis, PhilipPhilip Davis 2014 978-1-59853-293-7
250 various The Civil War: The Final Year Told by Those Who Lived It Sheehan-Dean, AaronAaron Sheehan-Dean 2014 978-1-59853-294-4
251 various Shakespeare in America: An Anthology from the Revolution to Now Shapiro, JamesJames Shapiro 2014 978-1-59853-295-1
252 Vonnegut, KurtKurt Vonnegut Novels 1976–1985 Sidney Offit 2014 978-1-59853-304-0
253 various American Musicals: Volume 1: 1927–1949 Maslon, LaurenceLaurence Maslon 2014 978-1-59853-258-6
254 various American Musicals: Volume 2: 1950–1969 Maslon, LaurenceLaurence Maslon 2014 978-1-59853-259-3
255 Leonard, ElmoreElmore Leonard Four Novels of the 1970s Sutter, GreggGregg Sutter 2014 978-1-59853-305-7
256 Alcott, Louisa MayLouisa May Alcott Work, Eight Cousins, Rose in Bloom, Stories & Other Writings Cheever, SusanSusan Cheever 2014 978-1-59853-306-4
257 Mencken, H. L.H. L. Mencken The Days Trilogy, Expanded Edition Rodgers, Marion ElizabethMarion Elizabeth Rodgers 2014 978-1-59853-308-8
258 Thomson, VirgilVirgil Thomson Music Chronicles 1940–1954 Page, TimTim Page 2014 978-1-59853-309-5
259 various Art in America 1945–1970: Writings from the Age of Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and Minimalism Perl, JedJed Perl 2014 978-1-59853-310-1
260 Bellow, SaulSaul Bellow Novels 1984–2000 Wood, JamesJames Wood 2015 978-1-59853-352-1
261 Miller, ArthurArthur Miller Collected Plays 1987–2004 Kushner, TonyTony Kushner 2015 978-1-59853-353-8
262 Kerouac, JackJack Kerouac Visions of Cody, Visions of Gerard, Big Sur Tietchen, ToddTodd Tietchen 2015 978-1-59853-374-3
263 Niebuhr, ReinholdReinhold Niebuhr Major Works on Religion and Politics Sifton, ElisabethElisabeth Sifton 2015 978-1-59853-375-0
264 Macdonald, RossRoss Macdonald Four Crime Novels of the 1950s Nolan, TomTom Nolan 2015 978-1-59853-376-7
265 various The American Revolution: Writings from the Pamphlet Debate 1764–1772 Wood, Gordon S.Gordon S. Wood 2015 978-1-59853-377-4
266 various The American Revolution: Writings from the Pamphlet Debate 1773–1776 Wood, Gordon S.Gordon S. Wood 2015 978-1-59853-378-1
267 Leonard, ElmoreElmore Leonard Four Novels of the 1980s Sutter, GreggGregg Sutter 2015 978-1-59853-412-2
268 various Women Crime Writers: Volume 1: The 1940s Weinman, SarahSarah Weinman 2015 978-1-59853-430-6
269 various Women Crime Writers: Volume 2: The 1950s Weinman, SarahSarah Weinman 2015 978-1-59853-431-3
270 Olmsted, Frederick LawFrederick Law Olmsted Writings on Landscape, Culture, and Society Beveridge, CharlesCharles Beveridge 2015 978-1-59853-452-8
271 Wharton, EdithEdith Wharton Four Novels of the 1920s Lee, HermioneHermione Lee 2015 978-1-59853-453-5
272 Baldwin, JamesJames Baldwin Later Novels Pinckney, DarrylDarryl Pinckney 2015 978-1-59853-454-2
273 Vonnegut, KurtKurt Vonnegut Novels 1987–1997 Sidney Offit 2016 978-1-59853-464-1
274 James, HenryHenry James Autobiographies Horne, PhilipPhilip Horne 2016 978-1-59853-471-9
275 Adams, AbigailAbigail Adams Letters Gelles, EdithEdith Gelles 2016 978-159853-465-8
276 Adams, JohnJohn Adams Writings from the New Nation 1784–1826 Wood, Gordon S.Gordon S. Wood 2016 978-159853-466-5
277 Thomson, VirgilVirgil Thomson The State of Music & Other Writings Page, TimTim Page 2016 978-159853-467-2
278 various War No More: Three Centuries of American Antiwar & Peace Writing Rosenwald, LawrenceLawrence Rosenwald 2016 978-1-59853-473-3
279 Macdonald, RossRoss Macdonald Three Novels of the Early 1960s Nolan, TomTom Nolan 2016 978-159853-479-5
280 Leonard, ElmoreElmore Leonard Four Later Novels Sutter, GreggGregg Sutter 2016 978-1-59853-492-4
281 Le Guin, Ursula K.Ursula K. Le Guin The Complete Orsinia Attebery, BrianBrian Attebery 2016 978-1-59853-493-1
282 O'Hara, JohnJohn O'Hara Stories McGrath, CharlesCharles McGrath 2016 978-1-59853-497-9
283 Kerouac, JackJack Kerouac The Unknown Kerouac: Rare, Unpublished & Newly Translated Writings Tietchen, ToddTodd Tietchen 2016 978-1-59853-498-6
284 Murray, AlbertAlbert Murray Collected Essays & Memoirs Devlin, PaulPaul Devlin & Henry Louis Gates Jr. 2016 978-1-59853-503-7
285 Eiseley, LorenLoren Eiseley Collected Essays on Evolution, Nature, and the Cosmos: Volume One Cronon, WilliamWilliam Cronon 2016 978-1-59853-506-8
286 Eiseley, LorenLoren Eiseley Collected Essays on Evolution, Nature, and the Cosmos: Volume Two Cronon, WilliamWilliam Cronon 2016 978-1-59853-507-5

Special anthologies

American poets project

Special publications

Notes and references

  1. David Skinner (September 2015). "Edmund Wilson’s Big Idea: A Series of Books Devoted to Classic American Writing. It Almost Didn’t Happen". Humanities. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 Gray, Paul (1982-05-03), "Books: A Library in the Hands", Time
  3. Cromie, William J., Ken Gewertz, Corydon Ireland, and Alvin Powell. "Honorary degrees awarded at Commencement's Morning Exercises", Harvard Gazette. June 7, 2007.
  4. Weber, Bruce (2009-08-18), "Richard Poirier, a Scholar of Literature, Dies at 83", New York Times, retrieved 2010-02-22
  5. Finn, Robin (2001-07-10), "The (Mostly Late) Greats, in New Circulation", New York Times, retrieved 2010-02-22

Bibliography

See also

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, March 11, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.