Final Fantasy (video game)

"FF1" redirects here. For other uses, see FF1 (disambiguation).
Final Fantasy
Developer(s) Square
Publisher(s) Square
Designer(s)
Programmer(s) Nasir Gebelli
Artist(s) Yoshitaka Amano
Writer(s)
Composer(s) Nobuo Uematsu
Series Final Fantasy
Platform(s)

Release date(s)
Genre(s) Role-playing
Mode(s) Single-player

Final Fantasy (ファイナルファンタジー Fainaru Fantajī) is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by Square in 1987. It is the first game in Square's Final Fantasy series, created by Hironobu Sakaguchi. Originally released for the NES, Final Fantasy was remade for several video game consoles and is frequently packaged with Final Fantasy II in video game collections. The story follows four youths called the Light Warriors, who each carry one of their world's four elemental orbs which have been darkened by the four Elemental Fiends. Together, they quest to defeat these evil forces, restore light to the orbs, and save their world.

The game was originally going to be called Fighting Fantasy, but the name was changed to Final Fantasy when the development team discovered Fighting Fantasy was the title of a series of single-player roleplay gamebooks.[2]

Square believed the game would be the last title they ever released, as the company faced bankruptcy.[3] Instead, the game was a great commercial success, received generally positive reviews, and spawned many successful sequels and supplementary titles in the form of the Final Fantasy series. The original is now regarded as one of the most influential and successful role-playing games on the Nintendo Entertainment System, playing a major role in popularizing the genre. Critical praise focused on the game's graphics, while criticism targeted the time spent wandering in search of random battle encounters to raise the player's experience level. By March 2003, all versions of Final Fantasy had sold a combined total of two million copies worldwide.

Gameplay

Final Fantasy has four basic game modes: an overworld map, town and dungeon maps, a battle screen, and a menu screen. The overworld map is a scaled-down version of the game's fictional world, which the player uses to direct characters to various locations. The primary means of travel across the overworld is by foot, but a canoe, a ship, and an airship become available as the player progresses. With the exception of some battles in preset locations or with bosses, enemies are randomly encountered on field maps and on the overworld map when traveling by foot, canoe, or ship, and must either be fought or fled from.[4]

The game's plot develops as the player progresses through towns and dungeons. Some town citizens offer helpful information, while others own shops that sell items or equipment. Dungeons appear in areas that include forests, caves, mountains, swamps, underwater caverns and buildings. Dungeons often have treasure chests containing rare items that are not available in most stores. The game's menu screen allows the player to keep track of their experience points and levels, to choose which equipment their characters wield, and to use items and magic. A character's most basic attribute is their level, which can range from one to fifty, and is determined by the character's amount of experience. Gaining a level increases the character's attributes, such as their maximum hit points (HP), which represents a character's remaining health; a character dies when they reach zero HP. Characters gain experience points by winning battles.[4]

Commands to give the character are shown.
The Light Warriors battle Lich, Fiend of Earth

Combat in Final Fantasy is menu-based: the player selects an action from a list of options such as Attack, Magic, and Item. Battles are turn-based and continue until either side flees or is defeated. If the player's party wins, each character will gain experience and Gil; if it flees, it will be returned to the map screen; and if every character in the party dies, the game will be over and all unsaved progress will be lost.[4] Final Fantasy was the first game to show the player's characters on the right side of the screen and the enemies on the left side of the screen, as opposed to a first-person view.[5]

The player begins the game by choosing four characters to form a party, and is locked into that choice for the duration of the game.[6] Each character has an "occupation", or character class, with different attributes and abilities that are either innate or can be acquired.[6] There are six classes: Fighter, Thief, Black Belt, Red Mage, White Mage, and Black Mage.[6] Later in the game, the player has the option to have each character undergo a "class upgrade"; whereby their sprite portraits mature, and some classes gain the ability to use weapons and magic that they previously could not use.[4] The game contains a variety of weapons, armor, and items that can be bought or found to make the characters more powerful in combat. Each character has eight inventory slots, with four to hold weapons and four to hold armor. Each character class has restrictions on what weapons and armor it may use. Some weapons and armor are magical; if used during combat, they will cast spells. Other magical artifacts provide protection, such as from certain spells. At shops, the characters can buy items to help themselves recover while they are traveling. Items available include potions, which heal the characters or remove ailments like poison or petrification; Tents and Cabins, which can be used on the world map to heal the player and optionally save the game; and Houses, which also recovers the party's magic after saving. Special items may be gained by doing quests.[4]

Magic is a common ability in the game, and several character classes use it. Spells are divided into two groups: White, which is defensive and healing, and Black, which is debilitating and destructive. Magic can be bought from White and Black magic shops and assigned to characters whose occupation allows them to use it. Spells are classified by a level between one and eight, with four White and four Black spells per level. Each character may learn only three spells per level. White and Black Mages can potentially learn any of their respective spells, while Red Mages, the Ninja and the Knight cannot use most high-level magic.[4]

Plot

Setting

Final Fantasy takes place in a fantasy world with three large continents. The elemental powers on this world are determined by the state of four orbs, each governing one of the four classical elements: earth, fire, water, and wind. The world of Final Fantasy is inhabited by numerous races, including Humans, Elves, Dwarves, Mermaids, Dragons, and Robots. Most non-Human races have only one "town" in the game, although individuals are sometimes found in Human towns or other areas as well. Four hundred years prior to the start of the game, the Lefeinish people, who used the Power of Wind to craft airships and a giant space station (called the Floating Castle in the game), watched their country decline as the Wind Orb went dark. Two hundred years later, violent storms sank a massive shrine that served as the center of an ocean-based civilization, and the Water Orb went dark. The Earth Orb and the Fire Orb followed, plaguing the earth with raging wildfires, and devastating the agricultural town of Melmond as the plains and vegetation decayed. Some time later, the sage Lukahn tells of a prophecy that four Light Warriors will come to save the world in a time of darkness.

Story

The game begins with the appearance of the four youthful Light Warriors, the heroes of the story, who each carry one of the darkened Orbs. Initially, the Light Warriors have access to the Kingdom of Coneria and the ruined Temple of Fiends. After the Warriors rescue Princess Sara from the evil knight Garland, the King of Coneria builds a bridge that enables the Light Warriors' passage east to the town of Pravoka. There the Light Warriors liberate the town from Bikke and his band of pirates, and acquire the pirates' ship for their own use. The Warriors now embark on a chain of delivery quests on the shores of the Aldi Sea. First they retrieve a stolen crown from the Marsh Cave for a king in a ruined castle, who turns out to be the dark elf Astos. Defeating him gains them the Crystal Eye, which they return to the blind witch Matoya in exchange for a herb needed to awaken the Elf Prince cursed by Astos. The Elf Prince gives the Light Warriors the Mystic Key, which is capable of unlocking any door. The key unlocks a storage room in Coneria Castle which holds TNT. Nerrick, one of the Dwarves of the Cave of Dwarf/Dwarf Village, destroys a small isthmus using the TNT, connecting the Aldi Sea to the outside world.[5]

After visiting the near-ruined town of Melmond, the Light Warriors go to the Earth Cave to defeat a vampire and retrieve the Star Ruby, which gains passage to Sage Sarda's cave. With Sarda's Rod, the Warriors venture deeper into the Earth Cave and destroy the Earth Fiend, Lich. The Light Warriors then obtain a canoe and enter Gurgu Volcano and defeat the Fire Fiend, Kary. The Levistone from the nearby Ice Cave allows them to raise an airship to reach the northern continents. After they prove their courage by retrieving the Rat's Tail from the Castle of Ordeal, the King of the Dragons, Bahamut, promotes each Light Warrior. A kind gesture is repaid by a fairy, receiving special liquid that produces oxygen, and the Warriors use it to help defeat the Water Fiend, Kraken, in the Sunken Shrine. They also recover a Slab, which allows a linguist named Dr. Unne to teach them the Lefeinish language. The Lefeinish give the Light Warriors access to the Floating Castle that Tiamat, the Wind Fiend, has taken over.[5] With the Four Fiends defeated and the Orbs restored, a portal opens in the Temple of Fiends which takes them 2000 years into the past. There the Warriors discover that the Four Fiends sent Garland (now the archdemon Chaos) back in time and he sent the Fiends to the future to do so, creating a time loop by which he could live forever.[7] The Light Warriors defeat Chaos, thus ending the paradox, and return home. By ending the paradox, however, the Light Warriors have changed the future to one where their heroic deeds remain unknown outside of legend.[5]

Development

A man sitting in a chair and speaking in a microphone
Hironobu Sakaguchi thought that Final Fantasy would be his final game.

Hironobu Sakaguchi had intended to make a role-playing game (RPG) for a long time, but his employer Square refused to give him permission as it expected low sales of such a product.[8] Moreover, only three of his colleagues volunteered to join this project headed by him because he was thought of as a "rough boss" in spite of his unsuccessful creations.[9] However, when the RPG Dragon Quest was released and proved to be a hit in Japan, the company reconsidered its stance on the genre and approved Sakaguchi's vision of Fighting Fantasy, an RPG inspired by Ultima and Wizardry.[8][9] According to the game's composer, the title was later changed to Final Fantasy as the game was thought to be the company's final project under the threat of bankruptcy.[3] Sakaguchi also explained that the new title stemmed from his personal situation: had the game not sold well, he would have quit the games industry and gone back to university.[10] In 2015, Sakaguchi revealed the name's real origin: the team wanted a title that would abbreviate to "FF", which would sound good in Japanese. The name was originally going to be Fighting Fantasy, but due to concerns over trademark conflicts with the roleplaying gamebook series of the same name, they needed to settle for something else. They eventually chose Final Fantasy. According to Sakaguchi, any title that created the "FF" abbreviation would have done. Commenting on the original story, Sakaguchi said that "Those days definitely seemed like end times, but honestly, any word that started with 'F' would’ve been fine."[11]

Final Fantasy was developed by a team of seven core staff members within Square referred to as the "A-Team".[10][12] Sakaguchi convinced fellow game designers Koichi Ishii and Akitoshi Kawazu to join the project. Kawazu was mainly responsible for the battle system and sequences, which he based heavily on the tabletop game Dungeons & Dragons and the RPG Wizardry. For example, enemies' weaknesses to elements such as fire and ice had not been included in Japanese RPGs up until that point. Kawazu had grown fond of such aspects of Western RPGs and decided to incorporate them into Final Fantasy. He also advocated the player's option to freely choose their own party member classes at the beginning of the game as he feels "the fun in an RPG begins when you create a character".[8] The scenario was written by freelance writer Kenji Terada, based on a story by Sakaguchi.[1][12] Ishii heavily influenced the game's setting with his idea of the crystals.[9] He also suggested illustrator Yoshitaka Amano as character designer, but Sakaguchi declined at first as he had never heard the artist's name before. When Sakaguchi showed Ishii some drawings on magazine clippings and told him that this was the art style he was looking for, Ishii revealed to him that these were actually created by Amano, hence leading to his involvement in the game.[9] The music for Final Fantasy was composed by Nobuo Uematsu and marked his 16th video game music composition.[5] Iranian-American programmer Nasir Gebelli was hired to code the game. He initially tried to understand all aspects of the gameplay but was soon advised by Sakaguchi to just program the design concepts so he did not have to explain everything to Gebelli in detail.[9] Among the other developers were graphic designer Kazuko Shibuya, programmers Kiyoshi Yoshii and Ken Narita, as well as debugger Hiroyuki Ito.[13][14][15][16][17] When the project started to show promise, designer Hiromichi Tanaka and his "B-Team" joined to aid development.[9][10] The lack of faith in Sakaguchi's team as well as its unpopularity within the company motivated the staff members to give their best.[10]

Sakaguchi took an in-development ROM of the game to Japanese magazine Famicom Tsushin, but it would not review it. However, Famitsu gave the game extensive coverage. Only 200,000 copies were to be shipped, but Sakaguchi pleaded with the company to make 400,000 to help spawn a sequel, and the management agreed.[10] Following the successful North American localization of Dragon Quest, Nintendo of America translated Final Fantasy into English and published it in North America in 1990. The North American version of Final Fantasy met with modest success, partly due to Nintendo's then-aggressive marketing tactics. No version of the game was marketed in the PAL region until Final Fantasy Origins in 2003.[18]

Versions and re-releases

Final Fantasy has been remade several times for different platforms, and has frequently been packaged with Final Fantasy II in various collections.[5] While all of these remakes retain the same basic story and battle mechanics, various tweaks have been made in different areas, including graphics, sound, and specific game elements.

Chronology of Final Fantasy versions and remakes
Title Release Country System Developer Publisher Notes
Final Fantasy 1987
1990 		Japan
USA 		Family Computer / Nintendo Entertainment System Square Square The original version.
Technical limitations, and the censorship policies of Nintendo of America, resulted in a few minor changes to certain elements of the American version. [19][20][21]
Final Fantasy 1989 Japan MSX2 Square Microcabin Minor graphical upgrades, expanded music and sound effects and less loading times.
Final Fantasy I・II 1994 Japan Family Computer Square Square A few graphical updates.
Final Fantasy 2000 Japan WonderSwan Color Square Square Background images in battle scenes, re-drawn sprites and parity with later games.
Final Fantasy Origins 2002
2003
2003 		Japan
USA
EUR 		PlayStation Tose Squaresoft All-new, more detailed graphics, remixed soundtrack, FMV sequences, art galleries and memo save function.
Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls 2004 Japan
USA
EUR 		Game Boy Advance Tose Nintendo Four additional dungeons, updated bestiary and a few tweaks.
Final Fantasy 2004
2006
2010 		Japan
Japan
USA 		Mobile phone Square Enix
Namco Bandai Games 		Superior to the 8-bit original but less advanced than recent ports
Final Fantasy 2007
2007
2008 		Japan
USA
EUR 		PlayStation Portable Tose Square Enix Higher-resolution 2D graphics, FMV sequences, remixed soundtrack,
bonus dungeons and script from Dawn of Souls.
Final Fantasy 2009
2009
2010 		Japan
USA
EUR 		Wii Virtual Console Square Enix Virtual Console release of the original FC / NES version.
Final Fantasy 2009
2012 		Japan
USA 		PlayStation Store PSOne Classics Square Co. Release of the PlayStation version as a PSOne Classic.
Final Fantasy 2010 worldwide iOS Square Enix Square Enix Based on the PSP version.
Final Fantasy 2011 Japan PlayStation Store downloadable PSP games Square Enix PlayStation Portable version was released as downloadable PSP game.
Final Fantasy 2012 worldwide Windows Phone Square Enix Based on the PSP version.
Final Fantasy 2012 worldwide Android Square Enix Square Enix Based on the PSP version, but without the bonus dungeons.
Final Fantasy 2013 Japan Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console Square Enix Virtual Console release of the original FC version.
Final Fantasy 2013 Japan Wii U Virtual Console Square Enix Virtual Console release of the original FC version.
Final Fantasy 2014 Japan Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console Square Enix Virtual Console release of the original FC version.
Final Fantasy 2015 Japan Nintendo eShop Square Enix Based on the PSP version with updated 3D stereoscopic graphics. [22]

Final Fantasy was first re-released for the MSX2 system and was published by Microcabin in Japan in June 1989.[23] It had access to almost three times as much storage space as the Famicom version, but suffered from problems not present in Nintendo's cartridge media, including noticeable loading times. There were also minor graphical upgrades, much improved music tracks and sound effects.

In 1994, Final Fantasy I・II, a compilation of Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II, was launched for the Famicom.[24] This version was only released in Japan and had very few graphical updates.

The WonderSwan Color remake was released in Japan on December 9, 2000,[23] and featured many new graphical changes. The 8-bit graphics of the original Famicom game were updated, battle scenes incorporated full background images, and character and enemy sprites were re-drawn to look more like the ones from the Super Famicom Final Fantasy games.[25]

Updated logo used by Square Enix on re-releases and new versions

In Japan, Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II were re-released both separately and as a combined game for the PlayStation. The collection was released in Japan in 2002 as Final Fantasy I & II Premium Package and in Europe and North America in 2003 as Final Fantasy Origins. This version was similar to the WonderSwan Color remake[26] and featured several changes such as more detailed graphics, a remixed soundtrack, added full motion video sequences, art galleries of Yoshitaka Amano's illustrations and a memo save function.[27] On December 18, 2012 the port was re-released as part of the Final Fantasy 25th Anniversary Ultimate Box release.[28]

Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls is, like Final Fantasy Origins, a port of the first two games in the series and was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004. The Dawn of Souls version incorporates various new elements, including four additional dungeons, an updated bestiary, and a few tweaks.[29]

Square Enix released a version of Final Fantasy for two Japanese mobile phone networks in 2004; a version for NTT DoCoMo FOMA 900i series was launched in March under the title Final Fantasy i[30] and a subsequent release for CDMA 1X WIN-compatible phones was launched in August.[31] Another titular version was released for SoftBank Yahoo! Keitai phones on July 3, 2006.[32] Graphically, the games are superior to the original 8-bit game, but not as advanced as many of the more recent console and handheld ports.

Square Enix planned to release this version for North American mobile phones in 2006,[33] however, it was 2010 before it was released, in collaboration with Namco. It retains the game difficulty and MP System from the original Famicom version. Other elements such as updated graphics, spell names, monster names, bosses, items and areas are borrowed from the Game Boy Advance / Wonderswan Color versions (however this version does not feature additional areas and monsters present in the GBA version). Game data is saved as in the original Famicom version (by using Tent, Sleeping Bag and Cottage or by going into an inn). However, there are now three save game slots and a "Temporary Save" option available in the game.[34]

For the 20th anniversary of Final Fantasy, Square Enix remade Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II for the PlayStation Portable.[35] The games were released in Japan and North America in 2007,[36] and in European territories in 2008.[37] The PSP version features higher-resolution 2D graphics, full motion video sequences, a remixed soundtrack, and a new dungeon as well as the bonus dungeons from Dawn of Souls. The script is the same as in the Dawn of Souls version, aside from the new dungeon.[38]

Square Enix released the original NES version of the game on the Wii's Virtual Console service in Japan on May 26, 2009,[39] in North America on October 5, 2009[40] and in the PAL region as an import on May 7, 2010.[41]

On February 25, 2010, Square Enix released the iOS version of Final Fantasy, based on the PSP port with touch controls, worldwide.[42] On June 13, 2012, Square Enix released the Windows Phone version, which is based on the iOS version.[43][44] On July 27, 2012, Square Enix released an Android port, largely based on the iOS version though lacking the new dungeons of the 20th anniversary edition.[45]

Reception

Final Fantasy
Aggregate scores
AggregatorScore
GameRankingsNES: 79%[46]
PSP: 67.93%[47]
iOS: 77.12%[48]
MetacriticPSP: 67/100[49]
iOS: 74/100[50]
Review scores
PublicationScore
AllGameNES: [51]
Mobile: [52]
FamitsuNES: 34/40[53]
WonderSwan: 30/40[54]
GameSpotPSP: 6.5/10[55]
IGNWonderSwan: 8.6/10[25]
PSP: 6.9/10[56]
iOS: 7 / 10[57]
GamePlay RPGWonderSwan: 96%[58]

Final Fantasy has been well received by critics and commercially successful; the original release sold 400,000 copies.[10] According to Square's publicity department, the Japanese Famicom and MSX releases sold a combined 600,000 copies, and the North American NES release sold 700,000 copies.[59] As of March 31, 2003, the game, including all re-releases at the time, had shipped 1.99 million copies worldwide, with 1.21 million of those copies being shipped in Japan and 780,000 abroad.[60] As of November 19, 2007, the PlayStation Portable version has shipped 140,000 copies.[61]

Editors at IGN ranked Final Fantasy the 11th best game on the NES, calling the game's class system diverse, and praising its convenient use of vehicles as a means of traveling across the world map.[62] GamesRadar ranked it the eighth best NES game ever made. The staff felt that while Dragon Warrior introduced gamers to the genre, Final Fantasy popularized it.[63] In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Final Fantasy 93rd top retro game, with the staff noting that "despite poor visuals and a relatively simple quest, many still consider the original to be the best (with the exception of FFVII)."[64] In 2006, Final Fantasy appeared in the Japanese magazine Famitsu's Top 100 games list, where readers voted it the 63rd best game of all time.[65] GameFAQs users made a similar list in 2005, which ranked Final Fantasy at 76th.[66] It was rated the 49th best game made on a Nintendo system in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list.[67] In 2008, Nintendo Power ranked it the 19th best Nintendo Entertainment System video game, praising it for setting up the basics of console role-playing games, along with Dragon Warrior, and citing examples such as epic stories, leveling up, random battles, and character classes.[68]

Final Fantasy was one of the most influential early console role-playing games, and played a major role in legitimizing and popularizing the genre.[69] According to IGN's Matt Casamassina, Final Fantasy's storyline had a deeper and more engaging story than the original Dragon Quest (known as Dragon Warrior in North America).[70] Modern critics have pointed out that the game is poorly paced by contemporary standards, and involves much more time wandering in search of random battle encounters to raise their experience levels and money than it does exploring and solving puzzles. Other reviewers find the level-building and exploration portions of the game as the most amusing ones.[27] In 1987, Famitsu initially described the original Final Fantasy as "one of many" that imitated the Dragon Quest formula.[71] The game is considered by some to be the weakest and most difficult installment of the series.[25]

The subsequent versions of Final Fantasy have garnered mostly favorable reviews from the media. Peer Schneider of IGN enjoyed the WonderSwan Color version, praising its graphical improvements, especially the environments, characters, and monsters.[25] Famitsu scored this version a 30 out of 40.[54] Final Fantasy Origins was generally well-received; GamePro said the music was "fantastic", and that the graphics had a "suitably retro cuteness to them."[72] Reviews for Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls were generally positive, with Jeremy Dunham of IGN giving particular praise to the improved English translation, saying it was better than any previous version of the game.[73] The PlayStation Portable version was not as critically successful as the previous releases; GameSpot's Kevin VanOrd cited the visuals as its strongest enhancement, but stated that the additional random enemy encounters and updated graphics did not add much value.[74] The Dawn of Souls package was rated 76th in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list.[67]

Legacy

A soundtrack album was released together with the score of Final Fantasy II in 1989.[75] Some of the game's tracks became mainstays to the Final Fantasy series: the "Prelude", the arpeggio played on the title screen; the "Opening Theme", which is played when the party crosses the bridge early in the game and later referred to as the Final Fantasy theme; and the "Victory Fanfare", which is played after every victorious battle. The opening motif of the battle theme has also been reused a number of times in the series.[5] The theme song that plays when the player characters first cross the bridge from Coneria has become the recurring theme music of the series, and has been featured in most numbered Final Fantasy titles. Final Fantasy was also the basis for the series finale of a video game-themed cartoon series Captain N: The Game Master entitled "The Fractured Fantasy of Captain N".[76] 8-Bit Theater, a sprite-based webcomic created by Brian Clevinger, parodies the game, and has become very popular in the gaming community since it started in March 2001.[77]

The video game has spawned two direct cross-over prequels on the PlayStation Portable: Dissidia Final Fantasy and Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy. Warrior of Light, based on Yoshitaka Amano's design of the lead character, and Garland are the respective hero and villain representing Final Fantasy. Warrior of Light is voiced by Toshihiko Seki in the Japanese version and Grant George in the English version, while Garland is voiced by Kenji Utsumi in the Japanese version and Christopher Sabat in the English version.[78] Both games add background information to the world of Final Fantasy. For instance, Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy names the world of Final Fantasy "World A" in order to distinguish it from World B, the world of Dissidia.[79]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Interview with Hironobu Sakaguchi". Shūkan Famitsu. ASCII Corporation. 1998-06-05. Archived from the original on 2011-02-06. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
  2. ↑ Baseel, Casey (26 May 2015). "Final Fantasy creator reveals the real reason behind the "Final" part of the hit series’ title". Rocket News 24. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  3. 1 2 Kohler, Chris (2009-07-23). "Why's It Called 'Final Fantasy'? Uematsu Explains". Wired. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Final Fantasy Explorer's Handbook (instruction manual). Square. 1989. NES-FF-USA.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Final Fantasy Retrospective: Part I". GameTrailers. 2007-07-15. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  6. 1 2 3 Final Fantasy Explorer's Handbook (instruction manual). Square. 1989. p. 80. NES-FF-USA.
  7. ↑ Square (1990-07-12). Final Fantasy. Nintendo Entertainment System. Nintendo. Garland: Remember me, Garland? Your puny lot thought it had defeated me. But, the Four FIENDS sent me back 2000 years into the past. / From here I sent the Four FIENDS to the future. The FIENDS will send me back to here, and the Time-Loop will go on. / After 2000 years, I will be forgotten, and the Time-Loop will close. I will live forever, and you shall meet doom!!
  8. 1 2 3 Parish, Jeremy (2012-10-15). "What's the Deal with Square Enix's Akitoshi Kawazu?". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gifford, Kevin (2011-12-21). "Hironobu Sakaguchi on Final Fantasy I's Roller-Coaster Development". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2013-09-02.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fear, Ed (2007-12-13). "Sakaguchi discusses the development of Final Fantasy". Develop. Intent Media. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  11. ↑ "『FF』はどのように世界に広がっていったのか？　坂口博信氏と浜村弘一ファミ通グループ代表が"国際日本ゲーム研究カンファレンス"にて語る". Famitsu. 2015-05-24. Archived from the original on 2015-05-26. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
  12. 1 2 Square (1990-07-12). Final Fantasy. Nintendo Entertainment System. Nintendo. Scene: opening staff credits.
  13. ↑ Square (2003-04-08). Final Fantasy Origins. PlayStation. Square Enix U.S.A., Inc. Scene: Final Fantasy staff credits.
  14. ↑ "Job". Creator's Voice: Final Fantasy III. Nintendo. Archived from the original on 2006-08-31.
  15. ↑ Sato, Yoshi (2007-12-19). "More Details on Final Fantasy IV's Sequel". 1UP.com. UGO Networks. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
  16. ↑ Bozon, Mark (2009-01-13). "Interview With a Legend". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
  17. ↑ Studio BentStuff. Final Fantasy IX Ultimania (in Japanese). Square Enix. pp. 578–582.
  18. ↑ Berardini, César A. (2006-04-26). "An Introduction to Square-Enix". TeamXbox. Archived from the original on 2013-09-22. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  19. ↑ Final Fantasy - Final Fantasy Wiki - Wikia
  20. ↑ http://www.ffcompendium.com/h/faqs/ff1versions.txt
  21. ↑ Final Fantasy - The Cutting Room Floor
  22. ↑ Final Fantasy 1 Coming To Nintendo 3DS eShop With 3D Support - Siliconera
  23. 1 2 "Final Fantasy Tech Info". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
  24. ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II [pre-owned]". Play-Asia. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  25. 1 2 3 4 Schneider, Peer (2001-02-12). "Final Fantasy (Import)". IGN. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  26. ↑ Shoemaker, Brad (2003-04-08). "Final Fantasy Origins Review". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
  27. 1 2 Dunham, Jeremy (2003-04-15). "Final Fantasy Origins Review". IGN. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  28. ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (August 31, 2012). "Full Final Fantasy 25th Anniversary Ultimate Box Game List". Andriasang. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
  29. ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls Developer Interview". GameSpot. 2004-11-29. Archived from the original on 2013-09-22. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  30. ↑ Tsukioka, Aki (2004-02-24). "Square Enix to Launch DoCoMo Sites for World-Famous Game Titles". Japan Corporate News Network. Archived from the original on 2009-12-10. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  31. ↑ "KDDI Announces Three New CDMA 1X WIN Models". KDDI. Archived from the original on 2004-08-10. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
  32. ↑ "ファイナルファンタジー for MOBILE" (in Japanese). Square Enix. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  33. ↑ "Square Enix to Showcase All Encompassing Line-up at E3 2006". Square Enix. 2006-04-24. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  34. ↑ "Namco Games - Final Fantasy mobile". Namco. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
  35. ↑ Lumb, Jonathan (2007-01-17). "Final Fantasy Remakes Coming to PSP". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
  36. ↑ "Square Enix ships remastered edition of Final Fantasy to retail". Square Enix. 2007-06-26. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  37. ↑ "Final Fantasy Anniversary Edition for PSP". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2012-01-25. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
  38. ↑ Masae, Nakamura (2007-04-23). "Final Fantasy Preview". GameSpy. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
  39. ↑ "VC ファイナルファンタジー" [VC Final Fantasy]. Nintendo. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
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