List of Victoria Cross recipients by nationality

The Victoria Cross

This is a list of recipients of the Victoria Cross by nationality. This list does not include the Victoria Cross awarded to the American Unknown Soldier of World War I Tomb of the Unknowns, buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He was awarded the VC posthumously in 1921. This gesture reciprocated the award of the Medal of Honor to the British Unknown Warrior.

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other postnominals and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and civilians under military command, and is presented to the recipient during an investiture by the British monarch. It is the joint highest award for bravery in the United Kingdom with the George Cross, which is the equivalent honour for valour not in the face of the enemy.^[1] The VC has been awarded on 1356 occasions to 1353 individual recipients.

The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not "officially" awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men.^[2] The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous.^[3][4]

In 1867, the VC was extended to colonial troops acting under British command. The extension was made following a recommendation for gallantry regarding colonial soldier Major Charles Heaphy for action in the New Zealand land wars in 1864.^[5] He was operating under British command and the VC was gazetted in 1867. Colonial troops were not eligible for the VC during the New Zealand land wars, so the New Zealand Cross (1869) was created.^[6]

Indian troops were not originally eligible for the Victoria Cross since they had been eligible for the Indian Order of Merit since 1837 which was the oldest British gallantry award for general issue. When the Victoria Cross was created, Indian troops were still controlled by the East India Company and did not come under Crown control until 1860. European officers and men serving with the Honourable East India Company were not eligible for the Indian Order of Merit and the Victoria Cross was extended to cover them in October 1857. It was only at the end of the 19th Century that calls for Indian troops to be awarded the Victoria Cross intensified. Indian troops became eligible for the award in 1911. The first awards to Indian troops appeared in the London Gazette on 7 December 1914 to Darwan Sing Negi and Khudadad Khan. Negi was presented with the Victoria Cross by King George V during a visit to troops in France. The presentation occurred on 5 December 1914 and he is one of a very few soldiers presented with his award before it appeared in the London Gazette.^[7] In 1904, Frederick Russell Burnham was to be awarded the Victoria Cross for his valour in Southern Africa, but Burnham declined rather than renounce his U.S. citizenship—a requirement at the time. Instead, he was awarded the British Army's second highest commendation, the Distinguished Service Order.

For a short time in the middle 1800s, the VC was awarded for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. Six were awarded at this time for actions taken not in the face of the enemy. (Campbell Mellis Douglas was one of these recipients.)

Several Commonwealth countries have now created their own award systems. Since 1991, Australia, Canada and New Zealand have created their own separate Victoria Crosses; the Victoria Cross for Canada, the Victoria Cross for Australia and the Victoria Cross for New Zealand. Only five of these separate medals have been awarded: Willie Apiata received the Victoria Cross for New Zealand on 26 July 2007; Mark Donaldson, Ben Roberts-Smith, Daniel Keighran and Cameron Baird have all been awarded the Victoria Cross for Australia. All five awards were for actions in Afghanistan. As these are separate medals, they are not included in this list.

Recipients by nationality

•       Rows highlighted in orange contain links to separate pages which contain the recipients of countries with over 75 recipients
•       This along with the *, indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously

Name	Nationality	Date of action	Conflict	Unit	Place of action	Notes
Hutcheson, BellendenBellenden Hutcheson	American	1918	First World War	75th Bn Canadian Expeditionary Force	Drocourt-Quéant Support Line, France	[8]
Metcalf, WilliamWilliam Metcalf	American	1918	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Arras, France	[8]
Mullin, GeorgeGeorge Mullin	American	1917	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Passchendaele, Belgium	[8]
Seeley, WilliamWilliam Seeley	American	1864	Bombardment of Shimonoseki	HMS Euryalus	Shimonoseki, Japan
Zengel, RaphaelRaphael Zengel	American	1918	First World War	Canadian Expeditionary Force	Warvillers, France	[9]
	List of 91 Australian recipients
De Wiart, AdrianAdrian De Wiart	Belgian	1916	First World War	4th Dragoon Guards	La Boiselle, France
Hodge, SamuelSamuel Hodge	British Virgin Islander	1866	Gambia Campaign	4th West India Regiment	Tubabecelong, Gambia
	List of 96 Canadian recipients
Bruce, WilliamWilliam Bruce	Channel Islander	1914	First World War	59th Scinde Rifles	Givenchy, France
Halliday, LewisLewis Halliday	Channel Islander	1900	Boxer Rising	Royal Marine Light Infantry	Peking, China
Home, DuncanDuncan Home	Channel Islander	1857	Indian Mutiny	Bengal Sappers and Miners	Delhi, India
Ingouville, GeorgeGeorge Ingouville	Channel Islander	1855	Crimean War	HMS Arrogant	Vyborg, Russia
Le Patourel, HerbertHerbert Le Patourel	Channel Islander	1942	Second World War	Hampshire Regiment	Tebourba, Tunisia
Le Quesne, FerdinandFerdinand Le Quesne	Channel Islander	1889	British rule in Burma	Royal Army Medical Corps	Voklaak, Burma
McCrea, JohnJohn McCrea	Channel Islander	1881	Basuto Gun War	1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry	Tweefontein, South Africa
McReady-Diarmid, AllastairAllastair McReady-Diarmid	Channel Islander	1917	First World War	Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment)	Moeuvres, France
Nurse, GeorgeGeorge Nurse	Channel Islander	1899	Second Boer War	Royal Field Artillery	Colenso, South Africa
Sartorious, EustonEuston Sartorious	Channel Islander	1859	Second Afghan War	59th Regiment of Foot	Shahjui, Afghanistan
Sartorious, ReginaldReginald Sartorious	Channel Islander	1874	First Ashanti Expedition	6th Bengal Cavalry	Obugu, Ashanti
Dinesen, ThomasThomas Dinesen	Danish	1918	First World War	42nd Bn CEF Canadian Expeditionary Force	Parvillers, France
Hansen, PercyPercy Hansen	Danish	1915	First World War	6th Lincolnshire Regiment	Gallipoli, Turkey
Lassen, AndersAnders Lassen	Danish	1945*	Second World War	Special Boat Service	Comacchio, Italy
	List of 600+ English recipients (may be incomplete)
Sukanaivalu, SefanaiaSefanaia Sukanaivalu	Fijian	1944*	Second World War	Fiji Infantry Regiment	Mawaraka, Bougainville Island
Wooden, CharlesCharles Wooden	German	1854	Crimean War	17th Lancers	Balaklava, Crimea
Beharry, JohnsonJohnson Beharry	Grenadian	2004	Iraq War	Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment	Amarah, Iraq
Johnstone, WilliamWilliam Johnstone	Hanoverian	1854	Crimean War	HMS Arrogant, RN	Åland Islands, Finland	[10]
Bhagat, PremindraPremindra Bhagat	Indian	1941	Second World War	Corps of Indian Engineers	Gallabat, Abyssinia
Ghadge, YeshwantYeshwant Ghadge	Indian	1944*	Second World War	Maratha Light Infantry	Upper Tiber Valley, Italy
Hafiz, AbdulAbdul Hafiz	Indian	1944*	Second World War	9th Jat Regiment	Imphal, India
Jadav, NamdeoNamdeo Jadav	Indian	1945	Second World War	5th Maratha Light Infantry	Senio River, Italy
Judge, KaramjeetKaramjeet Judge	Indian	1945*	Second World War	4/15th Punjab Regiment	Meiktila, Burma
Lala	Indian	1916	First World War	41st Dogras	El Orah, Mesopotamia
Negi, DarwanDarwan Negi	Indian	1914	First World War	39th Garhwal Rifles	Festubert, France
Negi, GabarGabar Negi	Indian	1915*	First World War	39th Garhwal Rifles	Neuve Chapelle, France
Ram, BhandariBhandari Ram	Indian	1944	Second World War	Garhwal Rifles	Arakan State, Burma
Ram, ChheluChhelu Ram	Indian	1943*	Second World War	6th Rajputana Rifles	Djebel Garci, Tunisia
Ram, KamalKamal Ram	Indian	1944	Second World War	8th Punjab Regiment	River Gari, Italy
Ram, RichhpalRichhpal Ram	Indian	1941*	Second World War	6th Rajputana Rifles	Keren, Eritrea
Singh, BadluBadlu Singh	Indian	1918*	First World War	14th Murray's Jat Lancers	River Jordan, Palestine
Singh, ChattaChatta Singh	Indian	1916	First World War	Garhwal Rifles	Battle of the Wadi, Mesopotamia
Singh, GianGian Singh	Indian	1945	Second World War	15th Punjab Regiment	Myingyan, Burma
Singh, GobindGobind Singh	Indian	1917	First World War	Garhwal Rifles	Pezières, France	[11]
Singh, IsharIshar Singh	Indian	1921	Waziristan Campaign	28th Punjab Regiment	Haidari Kach, India
Singh, NandNand Singh	Indian	1944	Second World War	1/11th Garhwal Rifles	Maungdaw–Buthidaung Road, Burma
Singh, ParkashParkash Singh	Indian	1943	Second World War	8th Punjab Regiment	Donbaik, Burma
Singh, PrakashPrakash Singh	Indian	1945*	Second World War	13th Frontier Force Rifles	Kanlan Ywathit, Burma
Singh, RamRam Singh	Indian	1944*	Second World War	Garhwal Rifles	Kennedy Peak, Burma
Dast, MirMir Dast	Indian	1915	First World War	55th Coke's Rifles	Wieltje, Belgium
Din, FazalFazal Din	Indian	1945	Second World War	10th Baluch Regiment	Meiktila, Burma
Haidar, AliAli Haidar	Indian	1945	Second World War	13th Frontier Force Rifles	Fusignano, Italy
Khan, KhudadadKhudadad Khan	Indian	1914	First World War	129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis	Hollebeke, Belgium
Khan, ShahamadShahamad Khan	Indian	1916	First World War	89th Punjab Regiment	Beit Ayeesa, Mesopotamia
Shah, SherSher Shah	Indian	1945*	Second World War	16th Punjab Regiment	Kyeyebyin, Burma
Singh, UmraoUmrao Singh	Indian	1944	Second World War	Royal Indian Artillery	Kaladan Valley, Burma
	List of 195 Irish recipients
Gordon, WilliamWilliam Gordon	Jamaican	1892	Second Gambian Campaign	West India Regiment	Toniataba, Gambia
Leakey, NigelNigel Leakey	Kenyan	1941*	Second World War	King's African Rifles	Colito, Abyssinia
Cain, Robert HenryRobert Henry Cain	Manx	1944	Second World War	2nd Battalion, South Staffordshire Regiment	Arnhem, Netherlands	[12]
Ghale, GajeGaje Ghale	Nepalese	1943	Second World War	5th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Chin Hills, Burma
Gurung, BhanbhagtaBhanbhagta Gurung	Nepalese	1945	Second World War	2nd Gurkha Rifles	Tamandu, Burma
Gurung, LachhimanLachhiman Gurung	Nepalese	1945	Second World War	8th Gurkha Rifles	Taungdaw, Burma
Gurung, ThamanThaman Gurung	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	5th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Monte San Bartolo, Italy
Lama, GanjuGanju Lama	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	7th Gurkha Rifles	Ningthoukhong, Burma
Limbu, RambahadurRambahadur Limbu	Nepalese	1965	Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation	10th Gurkha Rifles	Sarawak, Borneo
Pun, TulbahadurTulbahadur Pun	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	6th Gurkha Rifles	Mogaung, Burma
Rai, AgansingAgansing Rai	Nepalese	1944	Second World War	5th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Bishenpur, Burma
Rana, KaranbahadurKaranbahadur Rana	Nepalese	1918	First World War	3rd Gurkha Rifles	El Kefr, Egypt
Thapa, KulbirKulbir Thapa	Nepalese	1915	First World War	3rd Gurkha Rifles	Fauquissart, France
Thapa, NetrabahadurNetrabahadur Thapa	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	5th Royal Gurkha Rifles	Bishenpur, Burma
Thapa, SherSher Thapa	Nepalese	1944*	Second World War	9th Gurkha Rifles	San Marino, Italy
Andrew, LeslieLeslie Andrew	New Zealander	1917	First World War	Wellington Infantry Regiment	La Basse Ville, Belgium
Bassett, CyrilCyril Bassett	New Zealander	1915	First World War	New Zealand Divisional Signal Company	Gallipoli, Turkey
Brown, DonaldDonald Brown	New Zealander	1916	First World War	Otago Infantry Regiment	High Wood, France	[13]
Crichton, JamesJames Crichton	New Zealander	1918	First World War	Auckland Infantry Regiment	Crèvecœur, France
D'arcy, CecilCecil D'arcy	New Zealander	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Frontier Light Horse	Ulundi, South Africa
Elliott, KeithKeith Elliott	New Zealander	1942	Second World War	22nd, 2nd New Zealand Division	Ruweisat, Egypt
Forsyth, SamuelSamuel Forsyth	New Zealander	1918*	First World War	Royal New Zealand Engineers	Grévillers, France
Freyberg, BernardBernard Freyberg	New Zealander	1916	First World War	63rd (Royal Naval) Division	Beaucourt sur Ancre, France
Frickleton, SamuelSamuel Frickleton	New Zealander	1917	First World War	New Zealand Rifle Brigade	Messines, Belgium
Grant, JohnJohn Grant	New Zealander	1918	First World War	Wellington Infantry Regiment	Bancourt, France
Hardham, WilliamWilliam Hardham	New Zealander	1901	Second Boer War	4th New Zealand Contingent	Naauwpoort, South Africa
Heaphy, CharlesCharles Heaphy	New Zealander	1864	New Zealand Wars	Auckland Militia	Mangapiko River, New Zealand
Hinton, JohnJohn Hinton	New Zealander	1941	Second World War	20th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Kalamai, Greece
Hulme, CliveClive Hulme	New Zealander	1941	Second World War	23rd, 2nd New Zealand Division	Crete, Greece
Judson, ReginaldReginald Judson	New Zealander	1918	First World War	Auckland Infantry Regiment	Bapaume, France
Laurent, HarryHarry Laurent	New Zealander	1918	First World War	New Zealand Rifle Brigade	Gouzeaucourt Wood, France
Ngarimu, Moana-Nui-a-KiwaMoana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu	New Zealander	1943*	Second World War	28th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
Nicholas, HenryHenry Nicholas	New Zealander	1917	First World War	Canterbury Infantry Regiment	Polderhoek, Belgium
Sanders, WilliamWilliam Sanders	New Zealander	1917*	First World War	HMS Prize (HMS Prize)	Atlantic
Shout, AlfredAlfred Shout	New Zealander	1915*	First World War	First Australian Imperial Force	Gallipoli
Travis, RichardRichard Travis	New Zealander	1918*	First World War	Otago Infantry Regiment	Rossignol Wood, France
Trent, LeonardLeonard Trent	New Zealander	1943	Second World War	No. 487 Squadron RNZAF	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Trigg, LloydLloyd Trigg	New Zealander	1943*	Second World War	No. 200 Squadron RAF	Atlantic
Upham, CharlesCharles Upham	New Zealander	1941 1942	Second World War	20th, 2nd New Zealand Division	Crete, Greece, (1941), Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt (1942)	[14]
Ward, JamesJames Ward	New Zealander	1941*	Second World War	No. 75 Squadron RNZAF	Munster, Germany
Croak, JohnJohn Croak	Newfoundlander	1918*	First World War	13th Battalion, CEF	Amiens, France	[15]
Ricketts, ThomasThomas Ricketts	Newfoundlander	1918	First World War	Royal Newfoundland Regiment	Ledeghem, Belgium	[15]
Baxter, FrankFrank Baxter	Rhodesian	1896*	Matabeleland Rebellion	Bulawayo Field Force	Umguza, Rhodesia
Booth, FrederickFrederick Booth	Rhodesian	1917	First World War	British South Africa Police	Johannesburg, German East Africa	[16]
Henderson, HerbertHerbert Henderson	Rhodesian	1897	Matabeleland Rebellion	Bulawayo Field Force	Bulawayo, Rhodesia
	List of 164 Scottish recipients
Albrecht, HermanHerman Albrecht	South African	1900*	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse	Ladysmith, South Africa
Beauchamp-Proctor, AndrewAndrew Beauchamp-Proctor	South African	1918	First World War	No. 84 Squadron RFC	Western Front, France
Clements, JohnJohn Clements	South African	1901	Second Boer War	Rimington's Guides	Strijdenburg, South Africa
Crowe, JosephJoseph Crowe	South African	1857	Indian Mutiny	78th Regiment of Foot	Boursekee Chowkee, India
D'arcy, CecilCecil D'arcy	South African	1879	Zulu War	Frontier Light Horse	Ulundi, South Africa
Faulds, WilliamWilliam Faulds	South African	1916	First World War	1st South African Infantry	Delville Wood, France
Gristock, GeorgeGeorge Gristock	South African	1940*	Second World War	Royal Norfolk Regiment	Tournai, Belgium
Hartley, EdmundEdmund Hartley	South African	1879	Zulu War	Cape Mounted Riflemen	Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Hayward, ReginaldReginald Hayward	South African	1918	First World War	Wiltshire Regiment	Fremicourt, France
Hewitt, WilliamWilliam Hewitt	South African	1917	First World War	2nd South African Light Infantry	Ypres, Belgium
Martineau, HoraceHorace Martineau	South African	1899	Second Boer War	Protectorate Regiment	Mafeking, South Africa
McCrea, JohnJohn McCrea	South African	1881	First Boer War	1st Cape Mounted Yeomanry	Tweefontein, South Africa
Mullins, CharlesCharles Mullins	South African	1899	Second Boer War	Imperial Light Horse	Elandslaagte, South Africa
Nesbitt, RandolphRandolph Nesbitt	South African	1896	Mashona Rebellion	Mashonaland Mounted Police	Salisbury, Rhodesia
Nettleton, JohnJohn Nettleton	South African	1942	Second World War	No. 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron RAF	Augsburg, Germany
Norton, GerardGerard Norton	South African	1944	Second World War	Kaffrarian Rifles	Monte Gidolfo, Italy
Reid, OswaldOswald Reid	South African	1917	First World War	King's (Liverpool) Regiment	Dialah River, Mesopotamia
Robertson, ClementClement Robertson	South African	1917	First World War	Queen's Royal Regiment	Zonnebeke, Belgium
Sherwood-Kelly, JohnJohn Sherwood-Kelly	South African	1917	First World War	Norfolk Regiment	Marcoing, France	[17]
Smythe, QuentinQuentin Smythe	South African	1942	Second World War	Natal Carbineers	Alem Hamza, Egypt
Swales, EdwinEdwin Swales	South African	1945	Second World War	South African Air Force	Pforzheim, Germany
Horsfall, BasilBasil Horsfall	Sri Lankan (Ceylonese)	1918*	First World War	East Lancashire Regiment	Ablainzevelle, France
Brown, PeterPeter Brown	Swedish	1879	Basuto Gun War	Mounted Riflemen	Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Schiess, ChristianChristian Schiess	Swiss	1879	Anglo-Zulu War	Natal Native Contingent	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Konowal, FilipFilip Konowal	Ukrainian	1917	First World War	47th (British Columbia)	Lens, France	[8]
Barter, FrederickFrederick Barter	Welsh	1915	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Festubert, France
Beattie, StephenStephen Beattie	Welsh	1942	Second World War	HMS Campbeltown	Saint-Nazaire, France
Bye, RobertRobert Bye	Welsh	1917	First World War	Welsh Guards	Yser Canal, Belgium
Chapman, EdwardEdward Chapman	Welsh	1945	Second World War	Monmouthshire Regiment	Dortmund-Ems Canal, Germany
Davies, JamesJames Davies	Welsh	1917*	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Polygon Wood, Belgium
Evans, LewisLewis Evans	Welsh	1917	First World War	Black Watch (Royal Highlanders)	Zonnebeke, Belgium
Fox-Russell, JohnJohn Fox-Russell	Welsh	1917*	First World War	Royal Army Medical Corps	Tel-el-Khuweilfeh, Palestine
Fuller, WilliamWilliam Fuller	Welsh	1914	First World War	Welch Regiment	Chivy-sur-Aisne, France
Jones, RobertRobert Jones	Welsh	1879	Zulu War	24th Regiment of Foot	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Lewis, HubertHubert Lewis	Welsh	1916	First World War	Welch Regiment	Macukovo, Greece
Linton, JohnJohn Linton	Welsh	1943*	Second World War	HMS Turbulent	At sea
Monaghan, ThomasThomas Monaghan	Welsh	1858	Indian Mutiny	2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays)	Jamo, India
Rees, IvorIvor Rees	Welsh	1917	First World War	South Wales Borderers	Pilkem, Belgium
Rees, LionelLionel Rees	Welsh	1916	First World War	Royal Flying Corps	Double Crassieurs, France
Rowlands, HughHugh Rowlands	Welsh	1854	Crimean War	41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot	Battle of Inkerman, Crimea
Shields, RobertRobert Shields	Welsh	1855	Crimean War	23rd Regiment	Sebastopol, Crimea
Thomas, JacobJacob Thomas	Welsh	1857	Indian Mutiny	Bengal Artillery	Lucknow, India
Wain, RichardRichard Wain	Welsh	1917*	First World War	"A" Battalion, Tank Corps	Cambrai/Marcoing, France
Warburton-Lee, BernardBernard Warburton-Lee	Welsh	1940*	Second World War	British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla	Narvik, Norway	[18]
Waring, WilliamWilliam Waring	Welsh	1918*	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Ronssoy, France
Watkins, TaskerTasker Watkins	Welsh	1944	Second World War	Welch Regiment	Barfour, France
Weale, HenryHenry Weale	Welsh	1918	First World War	Royal Welch Fusiliers	Bazentin-le-Grand, France
Williams, JackJack Williams	Welsh	1918	First World War	South Wales Borderers	Villers Outreaux, France
Williams, JohnJohn Williams	Welsh	1879	Zulu War	24th Regiment of Foot	Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Williams, WilliamWilliam Williams	Welsh	1917	First World War	HMS Pargust (HMS Pargust)	Atlantic, near France	[19]

See also

• List of Victoria Cross recipients of uncertain nationality – 58 awards

Notes

1. "The world's most exclusive club". Ministry of Defence. 2007-04-30. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
2. The London Gazette: no. 27986. p. 325. 15 January 1907. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
3. Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90
4. The London Gazette: no. 31946. p. 6702. 18 June 1920. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
5. "Charles Heaphy biography". New Zealand Encyclopedia. 1966. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
6. "New Zealand Cross". New Zealand Encyclopedia. 1966. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
7. Crook, MJ, Chapter 11. pp 117–125
8. Also considered Canadian recipient.
   Ricketts, Bruce. "American Victoria Cross recipients". Mysteries of Canada. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
9. Zengel was American born, considered Canadian.
   Bishop, Arthur (September 2005). "On The Offensive In 1918". Legionmagazine. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
10. "Biography: John Bythesea VC". Royal Naval Museum. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
11. "SIXTH SUPPLEMENT TO The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 8th of JANUARY, 1918". The London Gazette (30471): 725. 11 January 1918.
12. "Second report of the Tynwald Honours Committee 2004/2005". June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-26. Retrieved 2009-11-03.
13. Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.
    Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
14. Charles Upham is one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice.
    Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
15. Newfoundlander recipients of the Victoria Cross are sometimes erroneously included with Canadian awards, as Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949.
    "Memorial to fallen Newfoundland soldiers declared National Historic Site". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 1997-04-09. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
16. Born in London
17. Commanding officer of 1st Bn Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at time
18. and Captain of HMS Hardy
19. Besly, Edward (2004-02-03). "A 'mystery' Victoria Cross and a stuffed parrot". National Museums & Galleries of Wales. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007.

References

• "Victoria Cross Research page". Alfred J. Askin. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
• "Victoria Cross Registers". National Archives (UK). Retrieved 2007-11-28.
• Lintock, A.H. "Victoria Cross". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved 2008-01-15.
• Sys, Ian. "Victoria Cross". Military History (South African Military History society) 1 (7). Archived from the original on 15 August 2007.