List of Indian Mutiny Victoria Cross recipients

Map showing the Indian Princely states during the rebellion of 1857

The Victoria Cross (VC) was awarded to 182 members of the British Armed Forces, British Indian Army and civilians under their command, during the Indian Mutiny (also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857). The VC is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other Orders, decorations and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and to civilians under military command. The VC is traditionally presented to the recipient by the British monarch during an investiture at Buckingham Palace, though in a large number of cases this was not possible and it was presented in the field by a prominent civil or military official. The VC was introduced in Great Britain on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to reward acts of valour during the Crimean War.[1]

The Indian Mutiny (also known as India's First War of Independence, Revolt of 1857, or the Sepoy Mutiny) began as a mutiny of sepoys of British East India Company's army on 10 May 1857, in the town of Meerut. It soon erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions largely in the upper Gangetic plain and central India, with the major hostilities confined to present-day Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and the Delhi region.[2] The rebellion posed a considerable threat to Company power in that region,[3] and it was contained only with the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.[2] The rebellion proved to be an important watershed in Indian history; it led to the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858, and forced the British to reorganise the army, the financial system, and the administration in India.[4] India was thereafter governed directly from London—by the British government India Office and a cabinet level Secretary of State for India—in the new British Raj, a system of governance that lasted until 1947.

Indian troops were not originally eligible for the VC, because since 1837 they had been eligible for the Indian Order of Merit—the oldest British gallantry award for general issue. When the VC was created, Indian troops were still controlled by the Honourable East India Company, and did not come under Crown control until 1860. European officers and men serving with the Honourable East India Company were not eligible for the Indian Order of Merit; the VC was extended to cover them in October 1857. The first citations of the VC varied in the details of each action; some specify one date, some date ranges, some the name of the battle and others have both sets of information. There were only two posthumous recipients of the VC for actions during the rebellion; the original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not "officially" awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men; Everard Phillipps and Edward Spence were decorated thus.[5] The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920.[6][7] The Indian Mutiny holds the record for the most VCs won in a single day; 24 at the Second Relief of Lucknow on 16 November 1857.[8]

Recipients

The Victoria Cross
NameUnitDate of actionPlace of action
Addison, HenryHenry Addison43rd Regiment of Foot2 January 1859Kurereha, India
Aikman, FrederickFrederick Aikman4th Bengal Native Infantry1 March 1858Amethi, India
Aitken, RobertRobert Aitken13th Bengal Native Infantry30 June 1857 to
22 November 1857[9]		Lucknow, India
Anderson, CharlesCharles Anderson2nd Dragoon Guards8 October 1858Sundeela Oudh, India
Anson, AugustusAugustus Anson84th Regiment of Foot28 September 1857,
16 November 1857		Bolandshahr, India
Lucknow, India
Baker, CharlesCharles BakerBengal Military Police Battalion27 September 1858Suhejnee, Bengal
Bambrick, ValentineValentine Bambrick60th Rifles6 May 1858Bareilly, India
Bankes, WilliamWilliam Bankes7th Queen's Own Hussars19 March 1858Lucknow, India
Blair, JamesJames Blair2nd Bombay Light Cavalry12 August 1857,
23 October 1857		Neemuch, India
Jeerum, India
Blair, RobertRobert Blair2nd Dragoon Guards28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Bogle, AndrewAndrew Bogle78th Regiment of Foot29 July 1857Oonao, India
Boulger, AbrahamAbraham Boulger84th Regiment of Foot12 July 1857 to
25 September 1857[10]		Lucknow, India
Bradshaw, WilliamWilliam Bradshaw90th Regiment of Foot26 September 1857Lucknow, India
Brennan, JosephJoseph BrennanRoyal Regiment of Artillery3 April 1858Jhansi, India
Brown, FrancisFrancis Brown1st Bengal European Fusiliers16 November 1857Narnoul, India
Browne, SamSam Browne46th Bengal Native Infantry31 August 1858Seerporah, India
Buckley, JohnJohn BuckleyCommissariat Department11 May 1857Delhi, India
Butler, ThomasThomas Butler1st Bengal European Fusiliers9 March 1858Lucknow, India
Byrne, JamesJames Byrne86th Regiment of Foot3 April 1858Jhansi, India
Cadell, ThomasThomas Cadell2nd Bengal European Fusiliers12 June 1857Delhi, India
Cafe, WilliamWilliam Cafe56th Bengal Native Infantry15 April 1858Fort Ruhya, India
Cameron, AylmerAylmer Cameron72nd Regiment of Foot30 March 1858Kotah, India
Carlin, PatrickPatrick Carlin13th Regiment of Foot6 April 1858Azumgurh, India
Champion, JamesJames Champion8th King's Royal Irish Hussars8 September 1858Beejapore, India
Chicken, GeorgeGeorge ChickenNaval Brigade27 September 1858Peroo, Bengal
Clogstoun, HerbertHerbert Clogstoun19th Madras Native Infantry15 January 1859Chichumbah, India
Cochrane, HughHugh Cochrane86th Regiment of Foot1 April 1858Jhansi, India
Connolly, WilliamWilliam ConnollyBengal Horse Artillery7 July 1857Jhelum, India
Cook, WalterWalter Cook42nd Regiment of Foot15 January 1859Maylah Ghat, India
Coughlan, CorneliusCornelius Coughlan75th Regiment of Foot8 June 1857Delhi, India
Crowe, JosephJoseph Crowe78th Regiment of Foot12 August 1857Boursekee Chowkee, India
Cubitt, WilliamWilliam Cubitt13th Bengal Native Infantry30 June 1857Chinhut, India
Daunt, JohnJohn Daunt11th Bengal Native Infantry2 October 1857Chota Behar, India
Davis, JamesJames Davis42nd Regiment of Foot15 April 1858Fort Ruhya, India
Dempsey, DenisDenis Dempsey10th Regiment of Foot12 August 1857,
14 March 1858		Lucknow, India
Diamond, BernardBernard DiamondBengal Horse Artillery28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Divane, JohnJohn Divane60th Rifles10 September 1857Delhi, India
Donohoe, PatrickPatrick Donohoe9th Queen's Royal Lancers28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Dowling, WilliamWilliam Dowling32nd Regiment of Foot4 July 1857,
27 September 1857		Lucknow, India
Duffy, ThomasThomas Duffy1st Madras European Fusiliers6 September 1857Lucknow, India
Dunlay, JohnJohn Dunlay93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Dynon, DenisDenis Dynon53rd Regiment of Foot2 October 1857Chota Behar, India
Farquharson, FrancisFrancis Farquharson42nd Regiment of Foot9 March 1858Lucknow, India
Ffrench, AlfredAlfred Ffrench53rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Fitzgerald, RichardRichard FitzgeraldBengal Horse Artillery28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Flinn, ThomasThomas Flinn64th Regiment of Foot28 November 1857Cawnpore, India
Forrest, GeorgeGeorge ForrestBengal Veterans Establishment11 May 1857Delhi, India
Fraser, CharlesCharles Fraser7th Queen's Own Hussars31 December 1858River Raptee, India
Freeman, JohnJohn Freeman9th Queen's Royal Lancers10 October 1857Agra, India
Gardner, WilliamWilliam Gardner42nd Regiment of Foot5 May 1858Bareilly, India
Garvin, StephenStephen Garvin60th Rifles23 June 1857Delhi, India
Gill, PeterPeter GillLoodiana Regiment4 June 1857Benares, India
Goat, WilliamWilliam Goat9th Queen's Royal Lancers6 March 1858Lucknow, India
Goodfellow, CharlesCharles GoodfellowBombay Engineers6 October 1859Kathiawar, India
Gore-Browne, HenryHenry Gore-Browne32nd Regiment of Foot21 August 1857Lucknow, India
Gough, CharlesCharles Gough5th Bengal European Cavalry15 August 1857,
18 August 1857,
27 January 1858,
3 February 1858[11]		Khurkowdah, India
Not known
Shumshabad, India
Meangunge, India
Gough, HughHugh Gough1st Bengal European Light Cavalry12 November 1857,
25 February 1858		Alumbagh, India
Jellalabad, India
Graham, PatrickPatrick Graham90th Regiment of Foot17 November 1857Lucknow, India
Grant, PeterPeter Grant93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Grant, RobertRobert Grant5th Regiment of Foot24 September 1857Alumbagh, India
Green, PatrickPatrick Green75th Regiment of Foot11 September 1857Delhi, India
Guise, JohnJohn Guise90th Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Hackett, ThomasThomas Hackett23rd Regiment of Foot18 November 1857Lucknow, India
Hall, WilliamWilliam HallHMS Shannon16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Hancock, ThomasThomas Hancock9th Queen's Royal Lancers19 June 1857Delhi, India
Harington, HastingsHastings HaringtonBengal Horse Artillery14 November 1857 to
22 November 1857		Lucknow, India
Harrison, JohnJohn HarrisonNaval Brigade16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Hartigan, HenryHenry Hartigan9th Queen's Royal Lancers8 June 1857
10 October 1857[12]		Delhi, India
Agra, India
Havelock-Allan, HenryHenry Havelock-Allan10th Regiment of Foot16 July 1857Cawnpore, India
Hawkes, DavidDavid HawkesRifle Brigade11 March 1858Lucknow, India
Hawthorne, RobertRobert Hawthorne52nd Regiment of Foot14 September 1857Delhi, India
Heathcote, AlfredAlfred Heathcote60th RiflesJune to
September 1857[13]		Delhi, India
Heneage, ClementClement Heneage8th King's Royal Irish Hussars17 June 1858Gwalior, India
Hill, SamuelSamuel Hill90th Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Hills, JamesJames HillsBengal Horse Artillery9 July 1857Delhi, India
Hollis, GeorgeGeorge Hollis8th King's Royal Irish Hussars17 June 1858Gwalior, India
Hollowell, JamesJames Hollowell78th Regiment of Foot26 September 1857Lucknow, India
Holmes, JoelJoel Holmes84th Regiment of Foot25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Home, AnthonyAnthony Home90th Regiment of Foot26 September 1857Lucknow, India
Home, DuncanDuncan HomeBengal Sappers and Miners14 September 1857Delhi, India
Innes, JamesJames InnesBengal Sappers and Miners23 February 1858Sultanpore, India
Irwin, CharlesCharles Irwin53rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Jarrett, HansonHanson Jarrett26th Bengal Native Infantry14 October 1858Baroun, India
Jee, JosephJoseph Jee78th Regiment of Foot25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Jennings, EdwardEdward JenningsBengal Horse Artillery14 November 1857 to
22 November 1857		Lucknow, India
Jerome, HenryHenry Jerome86th Regiment of Foot3 April 1858Jhansi, India
Jones, AlfredAlfred Jones9th Queen's Royal Lancers8 June 1857Delhi, India
Kavanagh, ThomasThomas KavanaghBengal Civil Service9 November 1857Lucknow, India
Keatinge, RichardRichard KeatingeBombay Artillery17 March 1858Chundairee, India
Kells, RobertRobert Kells9th Queen's Royal Lancers28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Kenny, JamesJames Kenny53rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Kerr, WilliamWilliam Kerr24th Bombay Native Infantry10 July 1857Kolapore, India
Kirk, JohnJohn Kirk10th Regiment of Foot4 June 1857Benares, India
Lambert, GeorgeGeorge Lambert84th Regiment of Foot29 June 1857,
16 August 1857,
25 September 1857[10]		Oonao, India
Bithoor, India
Lucknow, India
Laughnan, ThomasThomas LaughnanBengal Horse Artillery14 November 1857 to
22 November 1857		Lucknow, India
Lawrence, SamuelSamuel Lawrence32nd Regiment of Foot7 July 1857,
26 September 1857		Lucknow, India
Leith, JamesJames Leith14th Light Dragoons1 April 1858Betwa, India
Lyster, HarryHarry Lyster72nd Bengal Native Infantry23 May 1858Calpee, India
MacKay, DavidDavid MacKay93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
MacPherson, HerbertHerbert MacPherson78th Regiment of Foot25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Mahoney, PatrickPatrick Mahoney1st Madras European Fusiliers21 September 1857Mungulwar, India
Mangles, RossRoss ManglesBengal Civil Service30 July 1857Arrah, India
Maude, FrancisFrancis MaudeRoyal Regiment of Artillery25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Mayo, ArthurArthur MayoNaval Brigade22 November 1857Dacca, India
McBean, WilliamWilliam McBean93rd Regiment of Foot11 March 1858Lucknow, India
McDonell, WilliamWilliam McDonellBengal Civil Service30 July 1857Arrah, India
McGovern, JohnJohn McGovern1st Bengal European Fusiliers23 June 1857Delhi, India
McGuire, JamesJames McGuire1st Bengal European Fusiliers14 September 1857Delhi, India
McHale, PatrickPatrick McHale5th Regiment of Foot2 October 1857,
22 December 1857[12]		Lucknow, India
McInnes, HughHugh McInnesBengal Artillery14 November 1857 to
22 November 1857		Lucknow, India
McManus, PeterPeter McManus5th Regiment of Foot26 September 1857Lucknow, India
McMaster, ValentineValentine McMaster78th Regiment of Foot25 September 1857Lucknow, India
McPherson, StewartStewart McPherson78th Regiment of Foot26 September 1857Lucknow, India
McQuirt, BernardBernard McQuirt95th Regiment of Foot6 January 1858Rowa, India
Millar, DuncanDuncan Millar42nd Regiment of Foot15 January 1859Maylah Ghat, India
Miller, JamesJames MillerBengal Ordnance Depot28 October 1857Agra, India
Monaghan, ThomasThomas Monaghan2nd Dragoon Guards8 October 1858Jamo, India
Monger, GeorgeGeorge Monger23rd Regiment of Foot18 November 1857Lucknow, India
Morley, SamuelSamuel MorleyMilitary Train15 April 1858Azumgurh, India
Munro, JamesJames Munro93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Murphy, MichaelMichael MurphyMilitary Train15 April 1858Azumgurh, India
Mylott, PatrickPatrick Mylott84th Regiment of Foot12 July 1857 to
25 September 1857		Lucknow, India
Napier, WilliamWilliam Napier13th Regiment of Foot6 April 1858Azumgurh, India
Nash, WilliamWilliam NashRifle Brigade11 March 1858Lucknow, India
Newell, RobertRobert Newell9th Queen's Royal Lancers19 March 1858Lucknow, India
Olpherts, WilliamWilliam OlphertsBengal Artillery25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Oxenham, WilliamWilliam Oxenham32nd Regiment of Foot30 June 1857Lucknow, India
Park, JamesJames ParkBengal Artillery14 November 1857 to
22 November 1857		Lucknow, India
Paton, JohnJohn Paton93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Pearson, JamesJames Pearson86th Regiment of Foot3 April 1858Jhansi, India
Pearson, JohnJohn Pearson8th King's Royal Irish Hussars17 June 1858Gwalior, India
Phillipps, EverardEverard Phillipps11th Bengal Native Infantry30 May 1857 to
18 September 1857[14]		Delhi, India
Prendergast, HarryHarry PrendergastMadras Engineers21 November 1857Mundisore, India
Probyn, DightonDighton Probyn2nd Punjab Cavalry1857 to
1858[15]		Agra, India
Purcell, JohnJohn Purcell9th Queen's Royal Lancers19 June 1857Delhi, India
Pye, CharlesCharles Pye53rd Regiment of Foot17 November 1857Lucknow, India
Raynor, WilliamWilliam RaynorBengal Veterans Establishment11 May 1857Delhi, India
Reade, HerbertHerbert Reade61st Regiment of Foot14 September 1857Delhi, India
Rennie, WilliamWilliam Rennie90th Regiment of Foot21 September 1857,
25 September 1857		Lucknow, India
Renny, GeorgeGeorge RennyBengal Horse Artillery16 September 1857Delhi, India
Richardson, GeorgeGeorge Richardson34th Regiment of Foot27 April 1859Kewane Trans-Gogra, India
Roberts, FrederickFrederick RobertsBengal Horse Artillery2 January 1858Khodagunge, India
Roberts, JamesJames Roberts9th Queen's Royal Lancers28 September 1857Bolandshahr, India
Robinson, EdwardEdward RobinsonNaval Brigade13 March 1858Lucknow, India
Roddy, PatrickPatrick RoddyBengal Army27 September 1858Kuthirga, India
Rodgers, GeorgeGeorge Rodgers71st Regiment of Foot16 June 1858Marar, India
Rosamund, MatthewMatthew Rosamund37th Bengal Native Infantry4 June 1857Benares, India
Rushe, DavidDavid Rushe9th Queen's Royal Lancers19 March 1858Lucknow, India
Ryan, JohnJohn Ryan1st Madras European Fusiliers26 September 1857Lucknow, India
Ryan, MilesMiles Ryan1st Bengal European Fusiliers14 September 1857Delhi, India
Salkeld, PhilipPhilip SalkeldBengal Sappers and Miners14 September 1857Delhi, India
Salmon, NowellNowell SalmonNaval Brigade16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Shaw, SameSame ShawRifle Brigade13 June 1858Lucknow, India
Shebbeare, RobertRobert Shebbeare60th Bengal Native Infantry14 September 1857Delhi, India
Simpson, JohnJohn Simpson42nd Regiment of Foot15 April 1858Fort Ruhya, India
Sinnott, JohnJohn Sinnott84th Regiment of Foot6 October 1857Lucknow, India
Sleavon, MichaelMichael SleavonCorps of Royal Engineers3 April 1858Jhansi, India
Smith, HenryHenry Smith52nd Regiment of Foot14 September 1857Delhi, India
Smith, JohnJohn Smith1st Madras European Fusiliers16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Smith, JohnJohn SmithBengal Sappers and Miners14 September 1857Delhi, India
Spence, DavidDavid Spence9th Queen's Royal Lancers17 January 1858Shunsabad, India
Spence, EdwardEdward Spence42nd Regiment of Foot15 April 1858[14]Fort Ruhya, India
Stewart, WilliamWilliam Stewart93rd Regiment of Foot16 November 1857Lucknow, India
Sutton, WilliamWilliam Sutton60th Rifles2 August 1857 to
13 September 1857		Delhi, India
Thackeray, EdwardEdward ThackerayBengal Sappers and Miners16 September 1857Delhi, India
Thomas, JacobJacob ThomasBengal Artillery27 September 1857Lucknow, India
Thompson, AlexanderAlexander Thompson42nd Regiment of Foot15 April 1858Fort Ruhya, India
Thompson, WilliamWilliam Thompson60th Rifles9 July 1857Lucknow, India
Tombs, HenryHenry TombsBengal Horse Artillery9 July 1857Delhi, India
Travers, JamesJames Travers2nd Bengal Native InfantryJuly 1857[16]Indore, India
Turner, SamuelSamuel Turner60th Rifles19 June 1857Delhi, India
Tytler, JohnJohn Tytler66th Bengal Native Infantry10 February 1858Choorpoorah, India
Wadeson, RichardRichard Wadeson75th Regiment of Foot17 July 1857Delhi, India
Waller, GeorgeGeorge Waller60th Rifles14 September 1857,
18 September 1857[13]		Delhi, India
Waller, WilliamWilliam Waller25th Bombay Light Infantry20 June 1858Gwalior, India
Ward, HenryHenry Ward78th Regiment of Foot25 September 1857Lucknow, India
Ward, JosephJoseph Ward8th King's Royal Irish Hussars17 June 1858Gwalior, India
Watson, JohnJohn Watson1st Punjab Cavalry14 November 1857Lucknow, India
Whirlpool, FrederickFrederick Whirlpool3rd Bombay European Regiment3 April 1858,
2 May 1858[17]		Jhansi, India
Lohari, India
Wilmot, HenryHenry WilmotRifle Brigade11 March 1858Lucknow, India
Wood, EvelynEvelyn Wood17th Lancers19 October 1858Sinwaho, India
Young, ThomasThomas YoungNaval Brigade16 November 1857Lucknow, India

References

General
Specific
  1. ↑ Ashcroft, M; 2006; preface; XI–XIII
  2. 1 2 Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar; 2004; pp.169–172
    Bose, Jalal; 2003; pp.88–103; Quote: "The 1857 rebellion was by and large confined to northern Indian Gangetic Plain and central India."
  3. ↑ Bayly, C.A.; 1990; p.170; Quote: "What distinguished the events of 1857 was their scale and the fact that for a short time they posed a military threat to British dominance in the Ganges Plain."
  4. ↑ Bayly, C.A.; 1990; pp.194–197
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27986. p. 325. 15 January 1907. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
  6. ↑ Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90
  7. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 31946. p. 6702. 18 June 1920. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
  8. ↑ Arthur, Max; p. XIV
  9. ↑ "Robert Aitken details". National Archives. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  10. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 22154. p. 2957. 18 June 1858. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  11. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 22318. p. 3792. 21 November 1859. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  12. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 22396. p. 2316. 19 June 1860. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  13. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 22347. p. 178. 20 January 1860. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  14. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 27986. p. 325. 15 January 1907. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  15. ↑ Probyn was awarded his VC for numerous gallant acts throughout the period of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
    The London Gazette: no. 22154. p. 2960. 18 June 1858. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  16. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 22485. p. 1007. 1 March 1861. Retrieved 20 August 2008.
  17. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 22318. p. 3793. 21 October 1859. Retrieved 20 August 2008.


ordinary caption Hanuman JUNG Thapa Gorkha regiment

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, April 28, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.