Indore

Indore
इंदौर
Metropolis

Clockwise from top: Skyline of Mangal City Area (Vijay Nagar), Rajwada Palace, Daly College, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Regional Park aerial view, Patalpani Waterfalls
Indore

Location of Indore in Central India

Coordinates: 22°43′0″N 75°50′50″E / 22.71667°N 75.84722°E / 22.71667; 75.84722Coordinates: 22°43′0″N 75°50′50″E / 22.71667°N 75.84722°E / 22.71667; 75.84722
Country  India
State Madhya Pradesh
Region Malwa
District Indore District
Ward 85 Wards [1]
Government
 • Type Mayor–Council
 • Body Indore Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Malini Laxmansingh Gaur (BJP)
 • District Collector P. Narahari [2]
 • Municipal Commissioner Manish Singh [3]
 • Member of Parliament Sumitra Mahajan (Now Speaker in Lok Sabha (2014 - till date))
Area[4]
 • Metropolis 389.8 km2 (150.5 sq mi)
Area rank 11
Elevation 553 m (1,814 ft)
Population (2011)[5]
 • Metropolis 1,994,397
 • Rank 14th
 • Density 5,116.4/km2 (13,251/sq mi)
 • Metro[6] 2,170,295
 • Metro rank 15th
Demonym(s) Indori, Indorian
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 4520XX
Telephone code 0731
Vehicle registration MP-09-XXXX
Sex ratio Female 924
Male 1000
Literacy Rate

85.18% (Male)

80.57% (Female)
HDI High[7]
Climate Cwa / Aw (Köppen)
Precipitation 945 millimetres (37.2 in)
Avg. annual temperature 24.0 °C (75.2 °F)
Avg. summer temperature 31 °C (88 °F)
Avg. winter temperature 17 °C (63 °F)
Website www.indore.nic.in

Indore (i/ɪnˈdɔər/; Hindi: इंदौर; Devanāgarī: इंदौर) is the largest city of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh .[8] It serves as the headquarters of both Indore District and Indore Division. Indore was described by the Economic Times as the commercial capital of the state. It is also considered as education hub of the state and houses campuses of both, Indian Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Management.[9] Located on the southern edge of Malwa Plateau, the city is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. With a census-estimated 2011 population of 1,994,397 (municipal corporation)[5] and 2,170,295 (urban agglomeration),[6] Indore Metropolitan Area's population is the state's largest. The city is distributed over a land area of just 530 square kilometers, Indore is the most densely populated major city in the central province. It comes under Tier 2 cities in India.

Indore traces its roots to its 16th century founding as a trading hub between the Deccan and Delhi. The city and its surroundings came under Maratha Empire on 18 May 1724 after Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I assumed the full control of Malwa. During the days of the British Raj, Indore State was a 19 Gun Salute (21 locally) princely state (a rare high rank) ruled by the Maratha Holkar dynasty, until they acceded to the Union of India.[10] Indore served as the capital of the Madhya Bharat from 1950 until 1956.

Indore's financial district, anchored by central Indore, functions as the financial capital of the Madhya Pradesh and is home to the Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange, India's third oldest stock exchange. Indore's real estate market is among the most expensive in Central India.

Indore has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[11] It has also qualified the first round of Smart Cities Mission and has been selected as one of the first twenty cities to be developed as Smart Cities.[12]

History

Tookajee Rao Holkar II, Indore, from a drawing by Mr. W. Carpenter, Jun.," from the Illustrated London News, 1857

Origins

Indore owes its early growth to trade and commerce, which is still a dominant feature of the city. It is the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The present city is about 500 years old. Till the end of 15th century, its original nucleus was a river side village which occupied the bank of river Saraswati. This area is now known as Juni Indore.

The area of the modern Indore city was a part of the Kampel pargana (administrative unit) during the Mughal Empire.[13] Kampel was administered by the Ujjain sarkar (government) of Malwa Subah (province). The area was controlled by the local zamindars (feudal landlords), who accepted the suzerainty of the Mughal empire. The zamindars received the title of Chaudhari, which established their claim to the land.

The modern settlement was developed by Rao Nandlal Chaudhary, the chief local Zamindar, who had an army of 2000 soldiers. Under the Mughal rule, his family enjoyed great influence and was accorded confirmatory sanads by the Emperors Aurangzeb and Farrukhsiyar, confirming their jagir (land ownership) rights. When Nandlal visited the Mughal court at Delhi, he received a special place in the emperor's court along with two jewel studded swords (now on display in the Royal British Museum under the family's name) and confirmatory sanads. Jai Singh II, a personal friend of his, gave him a special "Gold Langar" which guaranteed a special place to him in all the courts of India.

HH The Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar of Indore

In the mid-1710s, Nandlal was caught in the struggle between the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad (who had been appointed as the governor of the Deccan region by the Mughal emperor). Once, while visiting the Indreshwar Temple near the banks of river Saraswati, Nandlal found the location to be safe and strategically located, being surrounded by rivers on all sides. He started moving his people in, and constructed the fort of Shree Sansthan Bada Rawala to protect them from harassment by the warring forces. This marked the establishment of the present-day Indore city, which became an important trade center on the Delhi-Deccan route.

The Maratha Raj (Holkar Era)

Main article: Holkar
HH Tukoji Rao Holkar III, The Maharaja of Indore (1890-1978) by James Lauder, London

By 1720, the headquarters of the local pargana were transferred from Kampel to Indore, due to the increasing commercial activity in the city. On 18 May 1724, the Nizam accepted the rights of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I to collect chauth (taxes) from the area. In 1733, the Peshwa assumed the full control of Malwa, and appointed his commander Malhar Rao Holkar as the Subhedar (Governor) of the province.[14] Nandlal Chaudhary accepted the suzerainty of the Marathas. During the Maratha rule, the Chaudharis came to be known as "Mandloi"s (derived from Mandals meaning districts). The Holkars conferred the title of Rao Raja upon Nandlal's family.[15] The family retained its possessions of nobility, in addition to the right of performing the first puja of Dushera (Shami Pujan) before the Holkar rulers.

On 29 July 1732, Bajirao Peshwa-I granted Holkar State by merging 28 and half parganas to Malhar Rao Holkar, the founder ruler of Holkar dynasty. His daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar moved the state's capital to Maheshwar in 1767, but Indore remained an important commercial and military centre.

British Era (Indore/Holkar State)

Main article: Indore State
Investiture of His Highness The Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar Bahadur of Indore 9 May 1930

In 1818, the Holkars were defeated by the British during the Third Anglo-Maratha War, in the Battle of Mahidpur by virtue of which the capital was again moved from Maheshwar to Indore. A residency with British resident was established at Indore, but Holkars continued to rule Indore State as a princely state mainly due to efforts of their Dewan Tatya Jog. During that time, Indore was established the headquarters of British Central Agency. Ujjain was originally the commercial centre of Malwa. But the British administrators such as John Malcolm decided to promote Indore as an alternative to Ujjain, because the merchants of Ujjain had supported anti-British elements.[16]

In 1906 electric supply was started in the city, fire brigade was established in 1909 and in 1918, first master-plan of city was made by noted architect and town planner, Patrick Geddes. During the period of Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar II (1852–86) efforts were made for the planned development and industrial development of Indore. With the introduction of Railways in 1875, the business in Indore flourished till the reign of Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar, Maharaja Tukoji Rao Holkar III and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar.

Post-independence

After India's independence in 1947, Holkar State, along with a number of neighbouring princely states, acceded to Indian Union. In 1948, with the formation of Madhya Bharat, Indore became the summer capital of the state. On 1 November 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh, the state capital was shifted to Bhopal. Indore, a city today of nearly 2.1 million residents, has transformed from a traditional commercial urban center into a modern dynamic commercial capital of the state.

Geography

Indore is located in the western region of Madhya Pradesh, on the southern edge of the Malwa plateau. It lies on the Saraswati and Kahn rivers, which are tributaries of the Shipra River and has an average elevation of 553.00 meter above mean sea level. It is located on an elevated plain, with the Vindhya Range to the south.

Apart from Yashwant Lake, there are many lakes that supply water to the city including Sirpur Tank, Bilawali Talab, Sukhniwas Lake and Piplyapala Talab. Soil cover in the city region is predominantly black. In the suburbs, the soil cover is largely red and black. The underlying rock of the region is composed of black basalt, and their acidic and basic variants dating back to the late Cretaceous and early Eocene eras. The area is classified as Seismic Zone III region, which means an earthquake of up to magnitude 6.5 on the Richter-scale may be expected.

To the west, Indore borders the administrative district of Dhar with cities such as Pithampur and Betma; to the northwest with Hatod and Depalpur; to the north the Ujjain with Sawer; to the northeast the Dewas with Manglaya Sadak; to the southeast the city of Kampel and Simrol; to the south Khandwa with Mhow, Choral and Manpur. Together with these cities (and some larger nearby cities, e.g. Rau, Hatod, Rangwasa, Palda, Sinhasa) Indore forms a contiguous built-up urban area called Indore Metropolitan Region which is an unofficial administrative district.

Climate

Indore has a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) and tropical savanna climate (Aw). Three distinct seasons are observed: summer, monsoon and winter.

Summers start in mid-March and can be extremely hot in April and May. The daytime temperatures can touch 48 °C (118 °F) on more than one occasion. Average summer temperatures may go as high as 40 °C (104 °F) but humidity is very low.

Winters are moderate and usually dry. Lower temperatures can go as low as 2 °C (36 °F)-6 °C (43 °F) on some nights. Usually the temperature ranges between 8 and 26 °C during winters.

Rains are due to southwest monsoons. The typical monsoon season goes from 15 June till mid-September, contributing 32–35 inches of annual rains. 95% of rains occur during monsoon season.

Indore gets moderate rainfall of 185 to 360 millimetres (7.3 to 14.2 in) during July–September due to the southwest monsoon.

Climate data for Indore (1971–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 33.9
(93)		 37.9
(100.2)		 41.1
(106)		 44.6
(112.3)		 46.0
(114.8)		 45.8
(114.4)		 39.9
(103.8)		 35.8
(96.4)		 37.4
(99.3)		 37.8
(100)		 37.1
(98.8)		 32.9
(91.2)		 46.0
(114.8)
Average high °C (°F) 26.5
(79.7)		 28.8
(83.8)		 34.3
(93.7)		 38.7
(101.7)		 40.4
(104.7)		 36.2
(97.2)		 30.3
(86.5)		 28.2
(82.8)		 30.9
(87.6)		 32.4
(90.3)		 29.7
(85.5)		 26.9
(80.4)		 31.9
(89.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 18.2
(64.8)		 20.2
(68.4)		 25.3
(77.5)		 30.0
(86)		 32.4
(90.3)		 30.1
(86.2)		 26.5
(79.7)		 25.1
(77.2)		 26.0
(78.8)		 25.3
(77.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 18.8
(65.8)		 25.0
(77)
Average low °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6)		 11.4
(52.5)		 16.2
(61.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 24.4
(75.9)		 24.1
(75.4)		 22.6
(72.7)		 21.9
(71.4)		 21.1
(70)		 18.1
(64.6)		 12.2
(54)		 10.6
(51.1)		 17.9
(64.2)
Record low °C (°F) 1.1[17] 2.8
(37)		 5.0
(41)		 7.8
(46)		 16.7
(62.1)		 18.9
(66)		 18.9
(66)		 18.6
(65.5)		 9.0
(48.2)		 6.2
(43.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 1.1
(34)		 −2.8
(27)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4
(0.16)		 3
(0.12)		 1
(0.04)		 3
(0.12)		 11
(0.43)		 136
(5.35)		 279
(10.98)		 360
(14.17)		 185
(7.28)		 52
(2.05)		 21
(0.83)		 7
(0.28)		 1,062
(41.81)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 1.8 8.6 15.9 18.3 8.6 3.1 1.4 0.6 60.5
Average relative humidity (%) 46 36 25 23 33 58 79 85 73 50 44 48 50
Mean monthly sunshine hours 289.0 275.6 287.6 305.9 326.9 208.6 104.1 79.9 180.6 270.8 274.0 281.3 2,884.3
Source #1: NOAA[18]
Source #2: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[19]

Demographics

Religion in Indore district [20]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
  
 83.26%
Islam
  
 12.67%
Jainism
  
 2.56%
Sikhism
  
 0.97%
Christianity
  
 0.57%
Buddhism
  
 0.38%
Others
  
 0.03%
Distribution of religions

Indore is the most populous city in the Madhya Pradesh. Indore also is the largest metropolitan city in Central India. According to the 2011 census of India, the population of the Indore city (the area under the municipal corporation and outgrowths) is 1,994,397.[5] The population of the Indore metropolis (urban agglomeration that includes neighbouring areas) is 2,170,295.[6] In 2010, the city had a population density of 25,170 people per square mile (9,718/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities with over 100,000 population in the Madhya Pradesh. As per 2011 census, the city of Indore has an average literacy rate of 87.38%, higher than the national average of 74%. Male literacy was 91.84%, and Female literacy was 82.55%[21] In Indore, 12.72% of the population is under 6 years of age (as per census 2011). The average annual growth rate of population is around 2.85% as per the statistics of census 2001. Religion-wise, according to the 2011 census reports, Hindus constitute a major of 80.02% of Indore's total population, while Muslims 7.41%, Jains 7.02%, and others 2.03%.[22]

Hindi is the official language of the Indore city, and is spoken by majority of the population. A number of Hindi dialects such as Bundeli, Malawi and Chhattisgarhi are also spoken. Other languages with a substantial number of speakers include Urdu, Marathi, Sindhi, Bhojpuri and Gujarati.[23]

According to 2012 figures, around 6,000 Pakistani Hindu migrants live in the city (out of a total 10,000 in the state).[24]

Architecture

Indore has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles spanning distinct historical and cultural periods of Holkar (Maratha), Mughal and British era. These include the Rajwada Palace (1766), a blend of Maratha and Mughal styles with a giant wooden door covered with iron studs and seven storied entrance; Lal Bagh Palace, the grandest monument of Holkar dynasty reflecting the taste, grandeur and lifestyle of the Holkars with European flavor; Krishnapura Chhatris, the royal cenotaphs of typical Maratha style architecture with domes and pyramidal spires. Indore has a significant number of high-rises. Most of the high-rise buildings in Indore are located in the financial district of Vijay Nagar in the upper east city.

The tallest structure in Indore is the replica of Eiffel Tower at All India Radio campus, which rises 337 metres (1,106 ft). However, the observation tower is not generally considered a high-rise building as it does not have successive floors that can be occupied. The tallest habitable building in Indore is the Radisson Blu. The second-tallest building in the city is the Bombay Hospital while the tallest residential building is 'Pinnacle 'D' Dreams which is also the tallest building in the state of Madhya Pradesh,located in pipiliya kumar Indore-Dewas Bypass Road near Bhavans Prominent School.

There are so many landmarks in Indore which make it a tourist attraction place.[25]

Parks and recreation

Government and jurisdiction

The administration of Indore is formed of two tiers—a city-wide, and a local tier. Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Indore Development Authority (IDA). IDA works as an apex body for planning and co-ordination of development activities in the Indore Metropolitan Region (IMR) comprising Indore and its agglomeration covering an area of 398.72 km2.

The IDA consists of two appointed components; the collector of the district, who has executive powers, and the IDA Board which includes a chairman appointed by Government of Madhya Pradesh, Municipal Commissioner of Indore and five members form Town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board who scrutinize the collector's decisions and can accept or reject his budget proposals each year. The headquarters of the IDA is at Race Course Road, Indore.

Indore City has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The IMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms. The Indore Municipal Corporation is a unicameral body consisting of 69 Council members whose districts are divided into 12 zones and these zones have been further divided into 69 wards defined by geographic population boundaries.

Indore is also a seat for one of the two permanent benches of Madhya Pradesh High Court with Gwalior, the city, its agglomerates and other 12 districts of western Madhya Pradesh falls under the jurisdiction of Indore High Court.

Infrastructure

Information technology

Infosys and TCS have started the construction of respective offices in Indore near Super Corridor. Both the companies are approximately 5 km from Indore airport. It is believed to create about 5000 jobs in coming 5–6 years.

Health and medicine

Indore is a centre of health care and India's first medical institution, Maharaja Yeshwantrao Hospital was established in the city in early 1848. Originally named after Yashwantrao Holkar, Maharaja of Indore, the last Holkar ruler. When it was re-inaugurated in 1955, it was Asia's largest government hospital with 1200 beds, and it has remained the largest public hospital in the state. The eight-storied hospital building is surrounded by a group of its special purpose hospitals, namely the 300-bed Chacha Nehru Children hospitals, the 100-bed M.R TB hospital, the 100-bed cancer hospital, a mental hospital and a medical college within the hospital campus.

Indore is home to 51 public health institutions and has a good number of private hospitals too. The healthcare facilities of Indore include Maharaja Yeshwantrao Hospital, Bombay Hospital, Choithram Hospital, CHL Hospital, Medanta, Apollo, Vasan and Centre for Sight.[26]

Wi-fi

There are various companies providing paid and free Wi-fi services across the city. Reliance's Jionet[27] became operational from November, 2013. It covers full city but maximum Wi-fi towers are not working yet. It is a 4G High Speed Wi-fi service which is kept free for now but will become chargeable from 2016. Another company IM FREE WIFI is also providing free wifi service using cloud-based technology in maximum parts of the city, it is also the only company in India which uses this technology.[28] Indore is also the second city in India to provide free Wifi across the city.[29] AICSTL is also providing high speed free Wi-Fi service named 'Free As Air' across the Indore BRTS corridor. BSNL has also started free Wi-Fi services in prominent locations.[30]

Transport

Air

Night view of Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport Indore

Indore is served by the state of the art Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport, about 8 km from the city. It is the busiest airport in the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and also serves as a hub for international cargo.[31] The new integrated international terminal was inaugurated in February 2012. The airport has been operating services by Air India, Jet Airways Konnect, Jet Airways, IndiGo and Ventura AirConnect connecting Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Pune, Raipur.

The Indore airport has a history of its own. It was commissioned by the erstwhile ruler Yashwant Rao Holkar II. He gave the construction work of the Indore airport to the pioneers of civil aviation in India - Tata & Sons - in 1935. Indore was connected to New Delhi & Bombay (Mumbai) on 26 July 1946 and was handed over to the central government on 1 April 1950.

Rail

The Indore Junction eastern entrance

The Indore Junction is an A-1 grade railway station with a revenue of more than Rs. 50 crore(500 million). The City Railway Division comes under Ratlam Division of the Western Railways. Indore is directly connected to major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Pune, Lucknow, Kochi, Jaipur, Ahmedabad etc. But still connectivity to other major cities in India is weak.

Meter gauge train stopped operating from February 2015. Indore-Mhow section is now being upgraded to broad gauge.[32] Electrification of the Indore – Dewas – Ujjain was completed in June 2012. Ratlam-Indore broad gauge conversion completed in September 2014.[33] Platform 1 is being upgraded to broad gauge and a modern station complex with two new platforms are being developed close to Rajkumar railway over-bridge.[34]

The Indore Junction western entrance

Except the main Indore Junction, the city of Indore has 7 other railway stations too which are:

Station Name Station Code Railway Zone Total Platforms
Lakshmibai Nagar LMNR Western Railway 3
Saify Nagar SFNR Western Railway 1
Lokmanya Nagar LMNR Western Railway 1
Rajendra Nagar RJNR Western Railway 2
Manglia Gaon MGG Western Railway 3
Rau RAU Western Railway 2
Mhow MHOW Western Railway 2
Patalpani MGG Western Railway 3

Road

Indore is connected to other parts of India through national and state highways. The major national highways passing through the city are:

The Mumbai- Indore section of the National Highway No. 3 and the Ahmedabad – Indore section of the National Highway No. 59 are undergoing multi laning under the NHDP program.

Other important regional highways passing through the city are:

Local transport

Indore City Bus route 7
Indore City Bus
Main article: Indore City Bus

Indore has a well developed transport system. Atal Indore City Transport Services Ltd., a PPP scheme operates buses and radio taxis in the city. The buses designated as City Bus operate on 36 Routes, with around 170 bus stops. The buses are color-coded according to their route. Many of them are non-AC and are equipped with GPS and Accident Avoid Systems.

Indore BRTS (iBus)
Main article: Indore BRTS
An iBus plying on the BRTS Corridor

Indore BRTS is a bus rapid transit system which began operations on 10 May 2013. It is plying with air-conditioned (AC) buses. These buses are also equipped with services like GPS and IVR which are used to track the position of the bus with information displayed on LED displays installed at the bus stops.

It has a 12 km dedicated corridor for its functioning between Niranjanpur and Rajiv Gandhi Chouraha after which an additional 11 km of normal road corridor from Rajiv Gandhi Chouraha to Rau. This service has further been extended to Mhow which will function without a dedicated corridor.

Other Means of Local Transport

Local transport also includes auto rickshaw, Maruti vans and CNG Tata Magic Vans which have replaced the Mini-Buses also called the Nagar Seva. Many private Cab Services also operate in the city such as Ola Cabs, TaxiForSure, Meru Cabs, UBER and Chartered Cabs (earlier Metro Taxi). The major bus terminals are Sarwate (Near Indore Railway Station), Gangwal (Dhar Road), Navlakha (A.B.Road) and Vijay Nagar (A.B. Road) Bus Terminals which majorly cater Intra-State as well as Inter-State routes.

Indore Metro
Main article: Indore Metro

The Indore Metro is a rapid transit light metro system proposed for the city of Indore, India. The total system consists of 6 corridors covering a distance of 107 kilometres (66 mi). There will be three types of run – on road, on bridges, and underground in some locations. The Metro Project will be the first in India to have driverless trains.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Indore
Manufacturing of Corrugated Paper

Indore is a commercial center for goods and services.Indore had GDP of $14,000,000,000 as of 2011.[35] The city also hosts a Global Investors' Summit which attract investors from several countries.

Major industrial areas surrounding the city include Pithampur(phase I,II,III - alone host 1500 Large, Medium and Small Industrial Set-up[36]), Indore Special Economic Zone(around 3000 acre[37]), Sanwer Industrial belt(1000 acre[38]),LaxmiBai Nagar IA, Rau IA, Bhagirathpura IA, Kali Billod IA, Ranmal Billod IA, Shivaji nagar Bhindikho IA, Hatod IA,[38] IT Parks - Crystal IT Park(5.5 lakh square feet), IT Park Pardeshipura(1 lakh square feet[39]), Electronic Complex, Individual SEZ such as TCS SEZ, Infosys SEZ, Impetus SEZ,etc., Diamond Park,Gems and Jewellery Park, Food Park, Apparel Park, Namkeen Cluster and Pharma Cluster.

Pithampur is also known as the Detroit of India.[40][41] Pithampur industrial area houses many production plants of various Pharmaceutical companies like Ipca Laboratories, Cipla, Lupin, Glenmark, Unichem and big auto companies prominent among these are Force Motors, Volvo Eicher commercial, Avtec, Mahindra 2 wheelers Ltd.

Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange (MPSE) originally set up in 1919 is the only exchange in Central India and the third oldest stock exchange in India is located in Indore and now the National Stock Exchange (NSE) established an Investor Service Center in the city.[42] Industrial employment influenced the economic geography of Indore. After 1956 merger, Indore experienced suburban expansion aided by high levels of car ownership. Workforce decentralization and transport improvements made it possible for the establishment of small-scale manufacturing in the suburbs. Many firms took advantage of relatively cheap land to build spacious, single-storey plants in suburban locations where parking, access and traffic congestion were minimal.

While textile manufacturing and trading is the oldest business to contribute to the economy, real estate companies DLF Limited, Suncity (ZEE Group), Omaxe, Sahara, Parsvnath, Ansal API, Emaar MGF have already launched residential projects in Indore. These projects are generally on the Indore bypass. This road also houses the projects of many local and regional real estate companies including Pumarth, Casa Greens, Silver spring, Kalindi, and Milan Heights.

Infosys is setting up a new development centre at Indore at an investment of Rs 100 crore in phase one at Super corridor.[43] Infosys demanded an area of 130 Acres to open its new facility in Indore which will employ about 13,000 people. TCS has started construction of its campus at Indore, Collabera has also announced plans to open campuses in Indore. The government of MP has also done the land allotment.[44] Besides these, there are several small and medium size software development firms in Indore.

Education

IES IPS Academy Main Building
Main article: Education in Indore

Indore is a home to a range of colleges and schools. Indore has a large student population and is a big educational center in central India, it also is the education hub of central India.[45] Most primary and secondary schools in Indore are affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE); however, quite a few number of schools are affiliated with ICSE board, NIOS board, CBSEi board and the state level M.P. Board as well.

The Daly College, founded in 1882, is one of the oldest co-educational boarding school in the world, which was established to educate the rulers of the Central Indian Princely States of the 'Marathas' and Rajputs'.[46] The Holkar Science College, officially known as Government Model Autonomous Holkar Science College was established in 1891.[47]

Indore is the only city in India to house both Indian Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Management.

Indore School of Social Work (ISSW) is a school in the field of social sciences both in education and research, training professional social workers since 1951.

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, also known as "DAVV" (formerly known as University of Indore) is a university in Indore with several colleges operating under its aegis. It has two campuses within the city, one at Takshila Parisar (near Bhavarkuan Square)and another at Rabindra Nath Tagore Road, Indore. The university runs several departments including Institute of Management StudiesSchool of Computer Science & Information Technology(SCSIT), (IMS), School of Law (SoL), Institute of Engineering and Technology, DAVV (IET), Educational Multimedia Research Centre (EMRC), International Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS), School of Pharmacy, School of Energy & Environmental Studies - one of the primer schools for M. Tech. (Energy Management), School of Journalism and School of Futures Studies and Planning, which runs two M. Tech. Courses with specializations in Technology Management & Systems Science & Engineering, MBA (Business Forecasting), and M. Sc. in Science & Technology Communication. The campus houses several other research and educational departments, hostels, playgrounds and cafes.

The Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGMMC) is another old institution, and was formerly known as the King Edward Medical College.[48] Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology and Science (SGSITS) and Institute Of Engineering & Science IPS Academy are engineering colleges, established in 1952 and 1999 respectively .

Arts, music and theatre

Nicotine playing at 'Pedal To The Metal', TDS, Indore, India in 2014.

The Yeshwant Club (named after Late HH The Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore) and Sayaji Club (named after Late HH The Maharaja Sayaji Rao III Gaekwad of Baroda) are big sponsors for art & music and invite talents from across world. The major art centers in Indore are the Ravindra Natya Grah (RNG), Mai Mangeshkar Sabha Grah, Anand Mohan Mathur Sabhagrah, DAVV auditorium, Brilliant Convention Centre, etc.[49] Many artists from around the world perform here regularly; Abhivyakti Centre of Fine Arts & Performing Arts; Deolalikar Kala Vithika and Jal Sabha Grah are also similar centers for arts and theater. There are also various cultural clubs like Sanand Nyas, Ras Bharati and Kala Abhivyakti, who invite performers from around the globe to perform in Indore. The Maharashtra Sahitya Sabha was known for being a prominent place for Theatre. Indore also holds the Guinness World Record for the Longest Variety Show (Cultural Show) in the World: the show lasted 12 hr 8 min at an event organised by Shri Vision Social Empowerment and Welfare Association, on 11 November 2011. The show consisted of 107 acts, including musical performances, dance, poetry and comedy, and featured 145 performers (including 4 comperes).

Indore gharana, one of the vocal gharanas of Indian classical music originated from the city. It was founded by Ustaad Amir Khan, who studied the styles of Abdul Wahid Khan, Aman Ali Khan, Rajab Ali Khan and Abdul Karim Khan and amalgamated the essence of the styles of these four composers with his own intellectual approach to music, and conceived the Indore gharana of music.

The city has a good Rock/Metal Music culture which is growing. Nicotine, one of the city's earliest and most renowned band is widely known for being the pioneer of Metal Music in Central India.[50][51][52][53][54][55]

Media

Print media

There are about 20 Hindi dailies, 7 English dailies, 26 weeklies and monthlies, 4 quarterlies, 2 Bi-monthly Magazine, one annual paper, and one monthly Hindi language educational tabloid named "Campus Diary" published from the city. India's only magazine on pump industry Pumps India & valve magazine Valves India is published from here.[56] The major Hindi newspapers and national media houses have their regional offices in Indore.

Electronic media

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government-owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include AIR Vividh Bharathi FM (101.6 MHz), Radio Mirchi FM (98.3 MHz), Big FM (92.7 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz), My FM (94.3 MHz) and AIR Gyan Vani FM (105.6 MHz). State-owned Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels. Apart from these few, local broadcasting stations also exist.

Indore switched to complete digitalization of cable TV in 2013 under second phase of digitalisation by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

Siti Cable(Siti cable) is a Digital cable distribution company with 70% coverage of the city. Its central region head office is in Indore and siti cable having 7 Local channels. Indore have its own TV news channel called 'siti news' headed by News Head Anil Chouhan

Indore is covered by a network of optical fibre cables. There are three fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Reliance and Airtel. There are eight mobile phone companies in which GSM players include BSNL, Reliance, Vodafone, Idea, Airtel, Aircel, Tata DoCoMo, Videocon Mobile Service while CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, and Reliance. Doordarshan Kendra Indore with studio and transmission started from July 2000.

Web media

In Indore, There are about 15 Hindi news portals, 5 English news portals, including khabarhulchal.com, localindore.com, dainikbhaskar.com, and kninews.com. The major Hindi web portals have reporters in Indore.

Cuisine

Indori Chole Chaat

Indore has a variety of Namkeens, Poha & Jalebi, Chaats (snacks), Kachoris and Samosas, cuisines of various types in different restaurants, and Maratha, Mughlai, Bengali, Rajasthani, continental and confectionery sweets, as well as local delicacies such as Dal-Bafla. At Sarafa Bazar, a range of Indian fast food is available. Chhappan Dukan is a major food junction in Indore, where the youth & family gathers on the road side shops for Indian Snacks. Generally, Namkeen is served on top of a variety of food items served in Indore.

The life in Indore starts early with chuskis of 'Chai' (tea) with 'garam garam poha & Jalebi' followed by lunch which invariably includes popular 'besan preparations'. Later in the day one can easily find snacks like 'Khaman', 'Kachori – aaloo kachori, dal kachori etc.', 'samosa', 'patties', 'Baked Samosa', 'Bhel puri',' Pani Puri', 'mathri', 'sabudana khichdi' etc. Numerous Shops of Sweets have enjoyed nice business in Indore. Late nights another market comes alive at 11:00 pm in Sarafa (the heart of city) where one finds lot of delicacies to enjoy after dinner like – 'Gajak','Bhutta kis', 'Gulab Jamun', 'garadu', 'Rabri', 'hot boiled milk', 'aalo tikiya', 'Halwa : – Gajar, Moong', icecreams, 'shakes' etc. and 'paan'

Specialities:

Sweets:Moong ka Halwa, Gajar ka Halwa, Rabri, Maalpua, Faluda kulfi, Gulab Jamun, Ras-Malai, Ras Gulla, All Bengali Sweets available at Sarafa & 56 Shops at Palasia.

Namkeen : Sev with all its varieties, Mixture, Dhania-Chivda, Dal Mooth, Papdi, Gathiya, Khaman, Kachori-Samosa, Patties, Garadu, Aaloo Tikiya, Pani-Puri, Bhel-Puri, Sabudana Khichadi, Dahi Vada, Pakoda, Bhutte ka Kis, poha.

Sheetal Pey : Shikanji (milk preparation + dry fruits), Lassi, Cold Milk, Hot Boiled Milk with Malai & dry fruits+keshar, Jal-Jira, Nimboo Shikanji, Fruit Juice,Shakes, Icecream Soda, Santrola .

Recently many national companies like McDonalds, Pizza Hut, KFC, Subway, Barista Lavazza and Cafe Coffee Day have opened up their outlets in Indore.

Sports

Cricket is one of the most popular sports in the city. Indore is also home to the Madhya Pradesh Cricket Association (MPCA), Madhya Pradesh Table Tennis Association (MPTTA) and The city has one international cricket ground, the Holkar Cricket Stadium. The first cricket ODI match in state was played in Indore at Nehru Stadium.[57]

Beside cricket, Indore is also a center for many national and international championships. The city hosted the South Asian Billiard Championship and is a host to the three-day-long National Triathlon Championship, in which nearly 450 players and 250 sports officials belonging to 23 states take part in the action.[58]

Indore is also a traditional centre for basketball, and is the home of India's first National Basketball Academy with an class indoor basketball stadium. Indore has successfully organized various National Basketball Championships. The major city sports stadium includes:

The Vijay Balla ("Victory Bat") made out of concrete with names of the players of the Indian team who won the test series against England (1971) and West Indies(1972)

Indore was included in holding two Guinness Book of World Records for the largest tea party in the world and for making the largest burger of the world.[59]

Festivals

All national festivals such as Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Rangpanchmi, Baisakhi, Raksha Bandhan, Krishna Janmashtami, Mahavir jayanti, Navratri, Durga puja, Dussehra, Ganesh Utsav, Deepavali, Ramzan, Gudi Padwa, Bhaidooj, Eid, Christmas, Bahai Navruz on 21 March and others like Nagpanchmi, Ahilya Utsav, are celebrated with equal enthusiasm. There are many shiva temples in Indore. Mahashivratri is celebrated to a large extent in Indore. Abhivyati, Hind Rakshak and many more organisations conduct garba mahotsav open for people to watch as well as play.

RangPanchmi

Rangapanchami is celebrated five days after Dulendi or Holi, and has much bigger importance in Indore than main Holi festival itself. and is celebrated by Indorians in their own distinct style.Here, it is celebrated like Dulendi, but natural colors with or without water are thrown out in the air or poured on others for the whole day by youngsters all over the city. On the event of the festival, the local municipal corporation sprinkles color mixed water on the main streets of old Indore. Earlier Fire Brigade vehicles were used for this purpose. This stylized Rangapanchami celebration in Indore holds back its roots in the Holkar Reign and continues to be celebrated with the same vigour till date.[60]

Entertainment

Indore has many malls and cinema halls. Much new entertainment will be seen in Indore in the coming months when the city will gain a roller-coster ride, a drop tower, and go-karting track along with many new sources of entertainment. Often there are circuses and magic shows set up at different places which are good sources of entertainment.[61]

Cinema

Cinema is the most popular medium of entertainment in Indore as well as in the whole country. There are a number of cinema halls in the city, namely PVR Cinemas, Mangal BIG Cinema, INOX Central, INOX sapna-sangeeta, Carnival Cinemas, Satyam Cineplexes, K sera sera, MadhuMilan, Velocity, Regal, and others.

Malls

Treasure Island Mall was the first mall in Madhya Pradesh

Indore is host to many malls, which provide variety and comfort to the visitors. Treasure Island, Mangal City mall, Indore Central mall, C21 mall, Malhar mega mall, Orbit mall are very well known. In 2011, a branch of Walmart, named Best Price, also opened for shopkeepers to buy discounted goods. Indore has developed since 2011 making a record of having most malls in central India.[62]

Historical places

Rajwada is a historical palace in Indore city. It was built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago. This seven storied structure is located near the Chhatris.

The Yeshwant Club, Indore. Established in 1934.

The Yeshwant Club came into existence in the year 1934 at the behest of late HH The Maharaja Tukoji Rao III Holkar of Indore. The Club was established for beloved son, Yuvraj Yeshwant Rao Holkar. Spread over 14 acres it isa Maratha legacy of the Holkar rulers of Indore State. Inititally the club was opened for Maratha royalty, nobility, aristocracy and the officers (Natives and British) of the Holkar State. Later its doors were opened for the business elites. Post-Indian Independence, the admission criteria was revised according to the changing times. HH Maharani Usha Devi, the daughter of late HH Maharaja Yeshwant Rao II Holkar of Indore is the Chief Patron of the Club, the Honorary Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh being the President of the Club. Today, the Club offers a unique blend of culture, sports and entertainment, which makes it one of the best-managed Clubs in the country. [63][64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69][70][71][72][73][74] [75]

King Edward Hall that was renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi Hall after the independence. Made in 1904 and originally named King Edwards Hall, it was renamed Mahatma Gandhi Hall in 1948. Its architectural style is Indo-Gothic. Made in Seoni stone, it has a four-faced clock tower in front. It can accommodate 2,000 people at a time. It is also frequently a venue for exhibitions and fairs throughout the year. The building also has a library, a children park and a temple.

Lal Baag Palace stands on the outskirts of the town, towards the southwest. It is a three storey building on the bank of the River Kahn . The palace was built by HH Maharaja Shivaji Rao Holkar of Indore during 1886-1921.

Nearby attractions

There are various places which tourists and citizens of Indore like to visit for weekends and occasion or Holidays.

Maheshwar

Maheshwar is a town in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh state It was the capital of the Malwa during reign of the Maratha Holkars till 6 January 1818, when the capital was shifted to Indore by Malhar Rao Holkar III. Maheshwar has been a centre of handloom weaving since the 5th century. Maheshwar is the home of one of India's hand loom fabric traditions. It is about 90 km from Indore and known for temples, ghats, fort and palaces.

Mandavgarh or Mandu

Mandu or Mandavgad is a ruined city in the present-day Mandav area of the Dhar district. It is about 99 km from Indore and knows for its forts, palaces and natural landscape.

Patalpani waterfall

PatalPani Waterfall, a fall in monsoon season situated around 35 km from Indore

It is 35 km from Indore[76] towards Mhow. Sitala Mata fall

This tourist attraction is known for its waterfalls in monsoon season.

Choral Fall

Choral has the waterfalls in Monsoon Season. It's situated on Khandwa Road, near Gram Simrol.

Tincha Fall

Tincha Fall is a waterfall in monsoon season.

.

Notable people from Indore

Malhar Rao Holkar - First prince from the Holkar family which ruled the state of Indore.

References

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Further reading

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