List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States

This is a list of people who may or may not have worked for intelligence organizations of the Soviet Union and Soviet-aligned countries against the United States.

For more information, see:

Czechoslovakia (StB)

• Karl Koecher, the mole who penetrated the CIA

Hungary

• Clyde Lee Conrad, U.S. Army NCO who betrayed NATO secrets.

Poland

• Marian Zacharski, Polish Intelligence officer arrested in 1981. Among other things, he won access to material on the then-new Patriot and Phoenix missiles, the enhanced version of the Hawk air-to-air missile, radar instrumentation for the F-15 fighter, "stealth radar" for the B-1 and Stealth bombers, an experimental radar system being tested by the U.S. Navy, and submarine sonar.

Soviet Union

NKVD and KGB

• Aldrich Ames, CIA officer spying for the Soviet Union beginning in 1985 as a 'walk-in' to the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C.
• Marion Davis Berdecio, friend of Judith Coplon and Flora Wovschin from their days at Barnard College
• William Weisband, U.S. Army signals intelligence staffer and NKVD agent handler

The "Berg" – "Art" Group

• Alexander Koral, former engineer of the municipality of New York.
• Helen Koral, Berg’s wife, housewife.
• Byron T. Darling, engineer for the Rubber Company.^[1][2]
• A. A. Yatskov
• George Blake, United Kingdom SIS officer who betrayed existence of the Berlin Tunnel under the Soviet sector and who probably betrayed Popov.
• Felix Bloch, U.S. State Department economic officer. Robert Hanssen warned Soviets about the investigation into his activities ^[3]
• Christopher John Boyce and Daulton Lee, American walk-in spy for the Soviet Union, known as the Falcon and the Snowman.

Buben group

• Louis F. Budenz, former member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party USA, former editor of the newspaper Daily Worker, professor at Fordham University.
• Robert Menaker, commercial traveler (traveling salesman) to a variety of trade firms
• Salmond Franklin, without specific assignments, husband of “Rita.” Used as a “signaler” [Russian: sviazist = communications man]
• Sylvia Caldwell, technical secretary for a Trotskyist group in New York City.
• Lona Cohen, sentenced to 20 years; subject of Hugh Whitemore's drama for stage and TV Pack of Lies
• Morris Cohen sentenced to 25 years; subject of Hugh Whitemore's drama for stage and TV Pack of Lies
• Judith Coplon, NKGB counter-intelligence operative in the U.S. Department of Justice; two convictions overturned on technicalities
• Eugene Dennis, senior member of the Communist Party USA leadership, convicted of advocating the overthrow of the U.S. government an sentenced to five years
• Dieter Gerhardt, South African Navy Commodore who was convicted of spying for the Soviet Union; alleged that the Vela Incident was a joint Israeli-South African nuclear test after being released in 1994 and emigrating to Switzerland
• Theodore Hall, physicist who supplied information from Los Alamos during World War II, a NYC walk-in, never prosecuted
• Robert P. Hanssen, Federal Bureau of Investigation agent convicted of spying for the Soviet Union, betrayed tunnel under new Mt Alto Soviet Embassy in Washington DC; may have done most damage since Philby
• Reino Häyhänen, Finn who worked in the US as a Soviet spy directed by Rudolf Abel, used the VIC cypher, defected to the US
• Edward Lee Howard, ex-Central Intelligence Agency officer who sold info and escaped to Soviet Union in 1985
• Clayton J. Lonetree, U.S. Marine Embassy guard Sergeant suborned by female KGB agent ('Violetta Sanni') in Moscow, turned himself in to authorities in December 1986, convicted 1987

Mocase

• Boris Morros, Hollywood producer
• Jack Soble, sentenced to 7 years, brother of Robert Soblen
• Myra Soble, sentenced to 5½ years
• Robert Soblen, sentenced to life for spying at Sandia Lab, etc., but escaped to Israel, then committed suicide
• Jane Zlatovski
• Mark Zborowski

Perlo group

• Victor Perlo, was the Chief of the Aviation Section of the War Production Board during World War II; head of branch in Research Section, Office of Price Administration Department of Commerce; Division of Monetary Research Department of the Treasury; and later the Brookings Institution
• Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Adviser on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
• Alger Hiss, Director of the Office of Special Political Affairs United States Department of State
• Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee; Democratic National Committee
• Harry Magdoff, Statistical Division of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce
• Allen Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Counsel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board

Redhead group

• Hedwiga Gompertz, Wacek’s wife, sent to the U.S. in 1938 to carry out fieldwork assignments, defected in 1948
• Paul Massing, scientist at Columbia University’s Institute of Social Research.
• Laurence Duggan (aka 19th), former employee of the State Department. Suicide.
• Rudolf Roessler chief of the very successful, and very odd, Lucy spy ring of World War II

Rosenberg ring

• Joel Barr, met Julius Rosenberg at City College of New York, later spied with him and Al Sarant at Army Signal Corps lab in New Jersey; escaped prosecution by fleeing to Soviet bloc in 1950. Died 2007.
• Abraham Brothman, indicted, convicted, and served two years in prison on a charge of conspiring to obstruct justice, along with co-defendant Miriam Moskowitz.^[4] Abraham Brothman gave secret industrial information to Elizabeth Bentley, who turned it over to the Soviet Union.^[5]
• Klaus Fuchs, physicist who supplied information about the British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviet Union; sentenced to 14 years in the UK.
• Vivian Glassman, fiancée of Joel Barr
• Harry Gold, courier sentenced to 30 years
• David Greenglass, draftsman at Los Alamos in World War II, gave atomic bomb drawings to his sister Ethel Rosenberg, and eventually the Soviets; sentenced to 15 years
• Ruth Greenglass, escaped prosecution in exchange for her husband's testimony against his sister and brother-in-law, the Rosenbergs
• Miriam Moskowitz, convicted of obstruction of justice for helping Harry Gold concoct a phony story for a 1947 grand jury investigation^[6] and served two years in prison^[7] for assisting her business partner, Abraham Brothman.^[5] Moskowitz did not testify in her own defense, stating later that she was "intimate" with Brothman and did not want to be "branded a harlot".^[8] She was never convicted of being a spy for the Soviet Union,^[6] but was convicted on the testimony of Harry Gold and Elizabeth Bentley.^[9]
• William Perl, active in Young Communist League at CCNY, then met Al Sarant at Columbia University; served 5 years for perjury
• Morton Sobell, involved with Barr, Perl and Julius Rosenberg at CCNY; sentenced to 30 years at Alcatraz
• Ethel Rosenberg, executed at Sing Sing prison near her native New York City for conspiracy to commit espionage
• Julius Rosenberg, executed at Sing Sing prison near his native New York City for conspiracy to commit espionage
• Al Sarant, stole radar secrets at Army Signal Corps lab in New Jersey, then he and his mistress abandoned their families for the protection of his Soviet masters in 1950
• Andrew Roth, Office of Naval Intelligence liaison officer with United States Department of State
• Saville Sax college friend of Theodore Hall assisted with Hall's disclosure to the Soviets of Los Alamos research and development

Silvermaster group

• Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury; Chief Economist, War Assets Administration; Director of the Labor Division, Farm Security Administration; Board of Economic Warfare; Reconstruction Finance Corporation Department of Commerce
• Helen Silvermaster (wife)
• Schlomer Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
• Norman Chandler Bursler, United States Department of Justice Anti-Trust Division ^[10]
• Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
• Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
• Bela Gold, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
• Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
• Irving Kaplan, Foreign Funds Control and Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; chief advisor to the Military Government of Germany
• George Silverman, civilian Chief Production Specialist, Material Division, United States Army Air Forces Air Staff, War Department, Pentagon
• William Henry Taylor, Assistant Director of the Middle East Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
• William Ullman, delegate to United Nations Charter meeting and Bretton Woods conference; Division of Monetary Research, Department of Treasury; Material and Services Division, Air Corps Headquarters, Pentagon
• Anatole Volkov
• Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Head of the International Monetary Fund^[11]

Sound and Myrna groups

• Solomon Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
• Cedric Belfrage, journalist; British Security Coordination
• Elizabeth Bentley courier messenger for Communist spy rings on the American East Coast in the 1930s, testified about her activities in hearings in the 1940s and 1950s
• Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
• Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
• Rae Elson, an active Communist, and courier of the CPUSA underground, was chosen by Joseph Katz to replace Bentley at the Soviet front organization, U.S. Shipping and Service Corporation.
• Edward Fitzgerald, War Production Board
• Charles Flato, Board of Economic Warfare; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor
• Bela Gold, Bureau of Intelligence, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
• Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
• Irving Goldman, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
• Jacob Golos, the "main pillar" of the NKVD intelligence network in the U.S., died in the arms of comrade Elizabeth Bentley
• Gerald Graze, United States Civil Service Commission; Department of Defense, U.S. Navy official
• Maurice Halperin, Chief of Latin American Division, Research and Analysis section, Office of Strategic Services; United States Department of State
• Julius Joseph, Far Eastern section (Japanese Intelligence) Office of Strategic Services
• Irving Kaplan, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development; Chief Advisor to the Military Government of Germany
• Joseph Katz
• Duncan Lee, counsel to General William Donovan, head of Office of Strategic Services
• Helen Lowry, (Elza Akhmerova), Akhmerov wife, American-born and raised, Soviet citizen
• Harry Magdoff, Chief of the Control Records Section of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce; Statistics Division Works Progress Administration
• Jenny Levy Miller, Chinese Government Purchasing Commission
• Robert Miller, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Near Eastern Division United States Department of State
• Willard Park, Assistant Chief of the Economic Analysis Section, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
• Victor Perlo, chief of the Aviation Section of the War Production Board; head of branch in Research Section, Office of Price Administration Department of Commerce; Division of Monetary Research Department of Treasury; Brookings Institution, head of Perlo group
• Mary Price, stenographer for Walter Lippmann of the New York Herald
• William Remington, War Production Board; Office of Emergency Management, convicted for perjury, killed in prison
• Ruth Rivkin, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
• Allan Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Counsel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board
• Bernard Schuster^[12]
• Greg Silvermaster, Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury; Chief Economist, War Assets Administration; Director of the Labor Division, Farm Security Administration; Board of Economic Warfare; Reconstruction Finance Corporation Department of Commerce
• John Spivak, journalist
• William Taylor, Assistant Director of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
• Helen Tenney, Office of Strategic Services
• Lud Ullman, delegate to United Nations Charter meeting and Bretton Woods conference; Division of Monetary Research, Department of Treasury; Material and Services Division, Air Corps Headquarters, Pentagon
• David Weintraub, United States Department of State; head of the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA); United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development
• Donald Wheeler, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis division
• Anatoly Gorsky, (Anatoly Veniaminovich Gorsky, A. V. Gorsky), “Vadim”, former rezident of the MGB USSR in Washington
• Olga Pravdina, former employee of the Ministry of Trade, wife of “Sergei,” the rezident in New York; author of Gorsky Memo (see Vladimir Pravdin)^[13]
• Vladimir Pravdin, “Sergei”, Tass, former rezident of the MGB USSR in New York
• Mikhail A. Shaliapin [Shalyapin], “Stock” [“Shtok”]^[14]
• Gaik Badelovich Ovakimian, former rezident of the MGB USSR in New York
• Iskhak Abdulovich Akhmerov, “Albert” – former Illegal Rezident of the MGB USSR in New York
• Michael Straight, speechwriter for President Franklin Roosevelt
• John Anthony Walker US Navy senior enlisted man who spied for the Soviet Union for decades, enlisting family and friends to do so as well

Ware group

• Whittaker Chambers, Department of State, testified against Alger Hiss
• Henry Collins, National Recovery Administration; Department of Agriculture
• John Herrmann, CPUSA operative and courier, eventually drank himself to death in Mexico
• Alger Hiss, Department of State, sentenced to 5 years for perjury
• Donald Hiss, Department of State, younger brother of Alger Hiss
• Victor Perlo, became spymaster of Perlo group during World War II
• George Silverman, Harvard-educated statistician who gave secret Pentagon documents to Nathan Silvermaster group during World War II
• Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; head of the International Monetary Fund which he helped establish along with the World Bank
• Bill Weisband, United States Army Signals Security Agency
• Enos Wicher, professor at Columbia University who also worked at Columbia's Division of War Research; stepfather of Barnard College recruiter and State Department spy Flora Wovschin

KGB Illegals

• Rudolf Abel, aka William Fischer, Illegal Rezident in the 1950s
• A. I. Akhmerov, “Albert” – former Illegal Rezident of the MGB USSR in New York

GRU

• Arvid Jacobson

Karl group

• Noel Field, United States Department of State
• Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Adviser on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
• Alger Hiss, United States Department of State, sentenced to 5 years for perjury
• Donald Hiss, United States Department of State; United States Department of Labor; United States Department of the Interior
• Victor Perlo, chief of the Aviation Section of the War Production Board; head of branch in Research Section, Office of Price Administration Department of Commerce; Division of Monetary Research Department of Treasury; Brookings Institution, head of Perlo group
• J. Peters
• William Ward Pigman, National Bureau of Standards; Labor and Public Welfare Committee
• Vincent Reno, mathematician at United States Army Aberdeen Proving Ground
• George Silverman, Director of the Bureau of Research and Information Services, US Railroad Retirement Board; Economic Adviser and Chief of Analysis and Plans, Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Material and Services, War Department
• Julian Wadleigh, United States Department of State
• Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Head of the International Monetary Fund
• Viktor Vasilevish Sveshchnikov, United States War Department

Portland ring

• Konon Molody (aka Gordon Lonsdale)
• Juliet Poyntz
• Fred Rose (politician), Canadian Member of Parliament, first elected from the Labour-Progressive Party (Canada) 1943
• Milton Schwartz

Sorge ring

• Chen Han-seng
• Hotsumi Ozaki
• Agnes Smedley
• Lydia Stahl
• Joseph Benjamin Stenbuck
• Irving Charles Velson, Brooklyn Navy Yard; American Labor Party candidate for New York State Senate
• Flora Wovschin, NKVD operative in U.S. State Department, comrade of Marion Davis Berdecio and Judith Coplon from their days at Columbia University
• Vasily Zarubin, husband of Elizabeth Zubilin
• Elizabeth Zubilin, recruiter in U.S. of whom Pavel Sudoplatov, head of NKVD Fourth Directorate said, "In developing J. Robert Oppenheimer as a source, Elizabeth Zubilin was essential."

Others

• Alexander Orlov, KGB adviser to the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War who defected to the United States in 1938.

GRU Illegals

• Moishe Stern
• Alfred Tilton
• Alexander Ulanovsky
• Ignacy Witczak

Naval GRU

• Jack Fahy (Naval GRU), Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Board of Economic Warfare; United States Department of the Interior
• Edna Patterson Naval GRU, served in US August 1943 to 1956

Unknown affiliation, to sort

• Morris Cohen (Soviet spy) sentenced to 25 years; subject of Hugh Whitemore's drama for stage and TV Pack of Lies
• Lona Cohen, Soviet spy sentenced to 20 years; subject of Hugh Whitemore's drama for stage and TV Pack of Lies
• George Koval
• Samuel Krafsur, TASS reporter who was mentioned prominently in the Venona Files.
• Earl Edwin Pitts

See also

• Active measures
• List of cryptographers
• List of Americans in Venona papers
• Treason
• List of fictional secret agents

References

1. Hayes commentary
2. Haynes, John Earl (February 2007), Cover Name, Cryptonym, CPUSA Party Name, Pseudonym, and Real Name Index: A Research Historian's Working Reference, retrieved 2007-04-29
3. Victor Cherkashin (Author), Gregory Feifer, Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer, Basic Books (January 2005), ISBN 0-465-00968-9, pages 246-247.
4. National Committee to Reopen the Rothenberg Case
5. National Security Archive, More Cold War Espionage Transcripts Unsealed
6. Guilty Time: December 04, 1950
7. Miriam Moskowitz's memoir of McCarthyism : The New Yorker
8. "The Grey Zone". Snap Judgement. Episode 210. 19 Oct 2012. 30 minutes in. PRX and NPR. KBGA 89.9 FM, WCAI/WNAN, and WRNC-LP.
9. Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials that Shaped American Politics, by John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr
10. Underground Soviet Espionage (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government Archived February 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
11. Steil, Benn (2013). The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order. Princeton University Press. pp. 4, 23. ISBN 9780691149097.
12. Earl M. Hyde, Bernard Schuster and Joseph Katz: KGB Master Spies in the United States, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, Volume 12, Issue 1 March 1999.
13. Underground Soviet Espionage (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government, FBI Silvermaster file, Vol. 82, pg. 327 pdf, October 21, 1946.
14. • Alexander Vassiliev, Notes on A. Gorsky’s Report to Savchenko S.R., 23 December 1949.

External links

• Vassiliev, Alexander (2003), Alexander Vassiliev’s Notes on Anatoly Gorsky’s December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks, retrieved 2012-04-21
• Official SVR site (Russian)