List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe

.

The following is a List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe and the extratropical Northern Atlantic (it does not include localised events, such as those which may occur in tornados).

Land-based observations in Europe

Met Office daily weather report supplementary chart of barometer over Europe on 24 January 1907, for 8am 23 January with a high of 31.5 inches of mercury (1,070 hPa) over Latvia

Land-based records for Europe:

• Highest observed air pressure record:

• 22–23 January 1907 in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar reported in peer-reviewed literature.^[1]

Other high values have been reported:

• 23 January 1907 in Riga at 1068.7 hPa, this value is from a student generated report from the Free University of Berlin Adopt a Vortex scheme.^[2]
• 17 February 1954 in northern Russia >1060 hPa,^[3] This high is claimed to have a pressure over 1070 hPa by a Free University of Berlin student generated report.^[4]
• 16 February 1956, northern Urals 1070 hPa mentioned in student generated reports from FUB.^[5] 1067 hPa in another student report from FUB.^[2] Others give a figure for this high of 1065 mslp.^[6] isobar of 1072 over Russia on Met Office Daily Weather Report 16 February 1956 centred about the town of Vorkuta, Komi Republic.^[7]
• 31 January 2012 Khoseda-Khardsky directly west of Urals a value reported by SMHI of 1068.3 hPa (mslp?),^[8] from a high pressure area named "Cooper/Dieter" by the Free University of Berlin in January 2012^[5] which brought the Early 2012 European cold wave.

Pressure is thought to have risen above 1060 hPa in Europe on only 12 occasions between 1871–2010, in the years 1893, 1899, 1907, 1915, 1920, 1938, 1944, 1946, 1956, 1972, 1995 and 2008.^[9] To this list might also be included high pressure anticyclones in 1954 and 2012 (see above). The most notable high in Europe is that which reached peak in January 1907, this was an unusual development which brought high pressure to the west,^[9] this intense high pressure area holds the record across multiple countries in northeast Europe (Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Germany, Slovakia).

• Lowest air pressure:

• 2 December 1929 at Stórhöfði peninsula, Heimaey southwest Iceland 923.6 hPa.^[10]

Another value reported:

• 6–7 January 1839, recorded at Sumburgh Head, Shetland during the Night of the big wind storm 27.25 inches of mercury (922.8 hPa) this value is from non-standardised equipment, and is not fully supported by values at neighbouring stations (unknown if corrected for MSLP).^[11] The conversion to hPa above assumes an Inch of mercury at 0 °F = 3376.85 Pa, if value assumes inHg at 60 °F = 3376.38 Pa the value could be as low as 920.2 hPa.

Iceland

• Highest air pressure: 3 January 1841, Reykjavik 1058.0 hPa.^[12]
• Lowest air pressure: 2 December 1929 at Stórhöfði peninsula, Heimaey 923.6 hPa.^[10]

Iceland list of atmospheric pressure over 1050 hPa

High pressure in Iceland has exceeded 1050 hPa 4 times in the twentieth century and five times in the nineteenth century.^[12]

Table of atmospheric pressure in Iceland exceeding 1050 hPa.^[12]

Date	Location	pressure hPa
23 December 1836	Reykjavik	1050.9
3 January 1841	Reykjavik	1058.0
11 December 1846	Reykjavik	1051.7
6 March 1883	Stykkishólmur	1050.7
26 February 1890	Stykkishólmur	1050.0
16 December 1917	Stykkishólmur	1054.2
26 February 1962	Akureyri	1051.7
17 January 1977	Galtarviti, Keflavik	1051.1
14—15 April 1991	Several stations	1050

Climatic Research Unit Emulate data 1874–2002, also gives values on 10 March 1887 at Stykkishólmur 1052.43 hPa and also 9 January 1977 at the same location 1050.47 hPa.^[13]

In July the pressure in Iceland has only dropped below 975 hPa or lower three times over the entire record extending back to the 1820s. These cases were 974.1 hPa in Stykkishólmur on 18 July 1901, 974.3 hPa in Stykkishólmur on 19 July 1923 and 975.0 hPa in Reykjavík 11 July 1912.^[14] A recent low pressure on 30 December 2015 was recorded at Kirkjubaejarklaustur (associated with an area of low pressure known as Eckard/Frank) at 930.2 hPa, the lowest pressure recorded on land in Iceland since 1989.^[15]

Faroe Islands

METEOSAT satellite image of the Braer Storm of January 1993 near peak intensity on January 10, 1993

The Danish Meteorological Institute report record atmospheric pressure for the Faroe Islands (since 1961) as:

• Highest air pressure: 13 December 1995, Tórshavn 1048.9 hPa.^[16]

• Lowest air pressure: 11 January 1993, Vágar Airport during the Braer Storm 930.3 hPa.^[16]

Climatic Research Unit Emulate data 1874–2002 give 3 dates when pressure exceeded 1050 hPa in Tórshavn.^[17]

Table of atmospheric pressure in Tórshavn exceeding 1050 hPa.

Date	pressure hPa
8 January 1896	1052.64
1 February 1902	1052.43
21 February 1944	1050.33

Ireland

Met Éireann list the following national records for atmospheric pressure:

• Highest air pressure: 28 January 1905, Valentia Island, Co.Kerry 1051.9 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 28 November 1838, Limerick 931.2 hPa.§

(§ note the lowest recorded pressure value for the island of Ireland is 8 December 1886, in Belfast 927.2 hPa.)

Ireland monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure in Ireland Met Éireann.^[18]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa
January	28 January 1905	Valentia, Co. Kerry	1051.9
February			1049.1
March			1047.1
April			1042.8
May	16 May 1943	Dublin Airport	1042.2
June	14 June 1959	Clones, Co Monaghan	1043.1
July			1037.9
August			1035.6
September			1041.3
October			1043.0
November			1044.9
December			1049.5

Ireland monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure in Ireland Met Éireann.^[18]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa
January			936.6
February	4 February 1951	Midleton, Co. Cork	942.3
March			950.1
April	1 April 1948	Malin Head, Co. Donegal	952.9
May			970.3
June			975.3
July			978.0
August	14 August 1954	Belmullet, Co. Mayo	967.7
September	21 September 1953	Claremorris, Co. Mayo	957.1
October			957.5
November	28 November 1838	Limerick	931.2
December			942.8

United Kingdom and Ireland

Graph of minimum and maximum monthly air pressure values in the UK.

For the United Kingdom, the Met Office record the record figures for atmospheric pressure (which are nominally since 1870) as:

• Highest air pressure: 31 January 1902, Aberdeen Scotland 1053.6 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 26 January 1884, Ochtertyre Scotland 925.6 hPa.

Though the lowest pressure may be second to the Night of the big wind low which saw a value of 27.25 inches of mercury (923 hPa) at Sumburgh Head, Shetland on non-calibrated, non-standard equipment 6-7 January 1839, with the mainland at Cape Wrath reporting an observed pressure of 27.32 inches of mercury (925 hPa).^[11]

A low pressure of 914.0mb affected the UK during the Braer Storm on 10 January 1993, however this figure is discounted as this reading was not recorded in the UK.

United Kingdom monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure UK and Ireland Met Office.^[19]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	Alternative and UK only records
January	31 January 1902	Aberdeen Observatory, Aberdeenshire	1053.6†
February	1 February 1902	Aberdeen Observatory, Aberdeenshire	1052.9
March	9 March 1953	St Mary's Airport, Isles of Scilly	1047.9	An alternative value is reported 9 March 1953, Tynemouth 1048.6 hPa[20]
April	11 April 1938	Eskdalemuir, Dumfriesshire	1044.5
May	16 May 1943	Dublin Airport, Ireland	1042.2	UK value: 1881, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Armagh 1042 hPa.[20]
June	14 June 1959	Clones Co. Monaghan	1043.1	UK value: 14 June 1959, "Northern Ireland" 1043 hPa (Irish record is within 1 km of UK border).[20] 15 June 1874 Scotland >1040 hPa.[21]
July	16 July 1996	Aboyne, Aberdeenshire	1039.2
August	25 August 1968	Kirkwall, Orkney	1037.4
September	11 September 2009	Ballykelly, Co. Londonderry	1042.0
October	31 October 1956	Dyce, Aberdeenshire	1045.6
November	10 November 1999	Aviemore, Invernessshire	1046.7
December	24 December 1926	Wick, Caithness	1051.9

(† note the value of 1054.7 reported in some literature is an incorrect conversion.^[22])

United Kingdom list of atmospheric pressure over 1050 hPa

List of atmospheric pressures over 1050 hPa in UK and Ireland^[1] (likely incomplete)

Date	Location	pressure hPa
24 February 1808	Gordon Castle, Moray Scotland	1050.0
8—9 January 1820	Kinfauns Castle, Perth Scotland	1051.7
9 January 1896	Ochtertyre, Perth Scotland	1053.4
31 January 1902	Aberdeen, Scotland (UK record)	1053.6
28 January 1905	Falmouth, Cornwall	1053.1
23 January 1907	Aberdeen, Scotland	1051.8
24 December 1926	Wick, Scotland	1051.9
26 January 1932	Stonyhurst, Sheffield and Meltham, West Yorshire	1051.0
16 January 1957	Belmullet, Co Mayo Ireland	1050.9

In the period of instrumental measurement the atmospheric pressure has exceeded 1048 hPa somewhere over the United Kingdom and Ireland on 17 occasions.^[1] On 9 of these times the pressure has exceeded 1050 hPa- a value which has not been exceeded since 1957 in Ireland, but has not been surpassed since 26 January 1932 over the UK.^[1] Intense high pressure is usually seen during midwinter with 7 of the 9 occasions where 1050 hPa has been exceeded occurring in January.^[1]

Pressure values have been recorded to have exceeded 1050 hPa in all areas of the UK and Ireland except south east England, though values close to this are documented from January 1882 and January 1905.^[1]

United Kingdom monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure UK and Ireland Met Office.^[19]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	Alternative and UK only records
January	26 January 1884	Ochtertyre, Perthshire	925.6	Alternative: 6-7 January 1839, Sumburgh Head, Shetland during the Night of the big wind storm 27.25 inches of mercury (922.8 hPa), (value from non-standardised equipment).[11]
February	4 February 1951	Midleton, Co. Cork	942.3	UK value: 9 February 1988, Benbecula 944.0 hPa.[20]
March	9 March 1876	Wick, Caithness	946.2
April	1 April 1948	Malin Head, Co. Donegal	952.9	UK value: 1 April 1948, The Hebrides 953 hPa.[20]
May	8 May 1943	Sealand, Flintshire (listed as Cheshire)	968.0
June	28 June 1938	Lerwick, Shetland	968.4
July	8 July 1964	Sule Skerry, Northern Isles	967.9
August	14 August 1954	Belmullet, Co. Mayo	967.7	UK value: 26 August 1912, Great Yarmouth 978 hPa.[20]
September	21 September 1953	Claremorris, Co. Mayo	957.1	UK value: 16-17 September 1935, "Central England" 960 hPa.[20]
October	14 October 1981	Cawdor Castle, Highland (listed as Nairnshire)	946.8	**Cyclone Oratia
November	11 November 1877	Monach Lighthouse, Outer Hebrides	939.2
December	8 December 1866	Belfast, Antrim	927.2	On the morning of 8 December 1886, the barometer may have fallen as low as 924 mbar over northern Ireland, although the lowest authenticated value was 927.2 mbar at Belfast at 1330h, close to the centre of the depression.[23]

Cyclone Oratia is estimated to have reached a low of 941 hPa in peer reviewed literature, though the lowest pressure occurred between Aberdeen and Norway over the North Sea and is not a land-based observation. The lowest land-based reported UK pressure during this storm was recorded from RAF Fylingdales at 951.2 hPa.^[24]

On 7 September 1995, Scilly Isles, reported a low pressure of 966 hPa.^[25] The lowest minimum recorded values for the months May to August lie within 0.5 of 968 hPa.

The 20th Century low pressure record in the UK occurred on 20 December 1982 at Sule Skerry it may have dropped as low as 936 mbar.^[26]

United Kingdom list of atmospheric pressure below 950 hPa (incomplete)

• 1821 December 25, London 27.93 inches of mercury (946 hPa).^[27]
• 1839 January 7, Night of the big wind, pressure below 28 inches of mercury (950 hPa) at Inchkeith, Peterhead and Aberdeen.^[27]
• 1865 December 31, Butt of Lewis Lighthouse 27.69 inches of mercury (938 hPa), with a report of 27.63 inches of mercury (936 hPa) from Hoy which is not supported by observation from Cantick head lighthouse on South Walls.^[27]
• 1884 January 26, Ochtertyre, record lowest pressure value for the UK.
• 2013 December 24, Cyclone Dirk

Norway

Yr.no the joint venture between the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute give the national pressure records as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Dalen, Telemark 1 061 hPa.^[28]
• Lowest air pressure: 27 January 1907, Bergen 936 hPa.^[28]

Both records in same winter as each other and those of Denmark.

Denmark

The Danish Meteorological Institute report record barometric pressure for the Denmark (since 1874) as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Skagen 1062.5 hPa.^[29]
• Lowest air pressure: 20 February 1907, Skagen 943.9 hPa.^[30]

Danish records both occurred within a month during the same winter, and same winter as Norwegian records.^[31]

The Danish September record was beaten on 29 September 2015 with pressure over 1042.2 hPa recorded in Østerbro Copenhagen, the previous September record dated from September 18, 1904, where the pressure came up to 1038.8 hPa at Hammer Odde Lighthouse, Bornholm.^[32][33]

Denmark list of barometric pressure over 1050 hPa

Above 1050 hPa^[34]

Date	Location	pressure hPa
7 February 2012	Thyborøn	1050.3	8 February 2012 north jutland >1050 hPa.[35]
18 November 1985[36]	Thyborøn	1050.3
1962	Denmark	1052
23 January 1907	Skagen	1062.5

Sweden

The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute give the nation's barometric records as:

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907 in Kalmar and Visby 1063.7 hPa.^[37]
• Lowest air pressure: 6 December 1895 Härnösand 938.4 hPa.^[37]

Sweden monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Sweden^[38]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	23 January 1907	Kalmar and Visby	1063.7	[39]
February	1 February 2012	Haparanda	1058.0	[40]
March	1 March 1971	Svartbyn-Överkalix	1055.7	[41]
April	15 April 1860	Uppsala	1047.1	[42]
May	7 May 1893	Umeå	1048.0	[43]
June	3 June 1979	Sveg	1044.8	[44]
July	28 July 1963	Sveg and Särna	1035.6	[45]
August	25 August 1968	Riksgränsen	1038.8	[46]
September	16 September 1903	Sveg	1042.0	[47]	*29 September 2015, Hagshult (Småland) 1042.9 hPa.[48]
October	14 October 1896	Stockholm	1048.6	[49]
November	18 November 1985	Malung and Rännberg-Östmark, Värmland.	1056.0	[50]
December	15 December 1946	Sveg	1059.2	[51]

Sweden monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Sweden^[38]

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	30 January 2000	Krångede, Jämtland	946.2	[52]
February	27 February 1990	Understen, Uppland	940.5	[53]
March	8 March 1920	Abisko, Lapland	948.3	[54]
April	6 April 1943	Gäddede, Jämtland	960.3	[55]
May	12 May 1898	Karlstad	971.3	[56]
June	29 June 1938	Storlien	976.2	[57]
July	9 July 1931	Ulricehamn	977.1	[58]
August	6 August 1941	Måseskär	975.7	[59]
September	29 September 1956	Klutmark, Västerbotten	960.9	[60]
October	19 October 1970	Edsbyn	954.1	[61]
November	1 November 1921	Holmögadd, .	948.3	[62]
December	6 December 1895	Härnösand	938.4	[63]

Finland

According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute:

• Highest air pressure: 22 January 1907, Helsinki 1066 hPa.^[64]
• Lowest air pressure: 27 February 1990 Kuuskajaskari, Rauma 940 hPa.^[64][65]

Though a reported low value by Weather Underground weather historian Christopher Burt on 1 March 1990 at an unknown location is reported at 939.7 hPa.^[65]

Baltics

Deutsche Seewarte atmospheric pressure map 23 January 1907

Maximum pressure in Europe 22–23 January 1907 recorded in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar.^[1] The Free University of Berlin state the European air pressure record is 23 January 1907 in Riga at 1068.7 hPa.^[2]

Estonia

As reported by the Estonian Weather Service

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907, Tallinn 1060.3 hPa.‡
• Lowest air pressure: 16 December 1982 Väike-Maarja 936.0 hPa.

‡The Estonian Weather Service report on their website the record maximum observed air pressure in the country as 1060.3 hPa recorded 23 January 1907 in Tallinn.^[66] This figure is not supported by NOAA reanalysis charts^[67] and the values reported from neighbouring Finland and Latvia probably make this figure an underestimation or error. A possible maximum pressure value for the whole of Europe is thought to have occurred during the 22-23 January 1907 high pressure event with a record set in Pärnu, Estonia and Riga, Latvia at 1067.1 mbar.^[1] Though this value is exceeded by the value on 23 January 1907 in Riga reported at 1068.7 hPa by the Free University of Berlin's student generated reports.^[2]

Latvia

• Highest air pressure: 22–23 January 1907 Liepāja 1065.9 hPa
• Lowest air pressure: 12 February 1962 Vidzeme Upland 932.9 hPa

Lithuania

• Highest air pressure: December 1889 Vilnius 1058.5 hPa
• Lowest air pressure: January 1931 Ukmergė and Dotnuva 951.6 hPa.

23 January 1907 1065.1 hPa.^[9]

Kaliningrad/Königsberg

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907 1064.7 hPa^[9]

Jersey

• Highest air pressure: 29 January 1905, Jersey 1051.7 hPa.^[1]
• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Jersey 953.8 hPa.^[68]

France

Météo-France figures from 1951-2012.^[69]

• Highest air pressure: 3 March 1990, Pointe de Chémoulin, Saint-Nazaire Loire-Atlantique 1048.9 hPa.^[70]
• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Cap de La Hague, Cherbourg 951.8 hPa.^[70]

though other figures are also listed which predate Météo-France's records.

• Highest air pressure: 6 February 1821 Paris 1050 hPa.
• Lowest air pressure: 25 December 1821 Boulogne sur mer 947.1 hPa.

29 January 1905, a powerful anticyclone covers all of Europe and the atmospheric pressure reached a record value of 1049.3 hPa in Paris.^[71][72]

Belgium

The Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute gives the national record values as:

• Highest air pressure: 27 January 1932, Uccle 1048 hPa.^[73]
• Lowest air pressure: 25 February 1989, Blankenberge 954 hPa.^[73]

Netherlands

The Dutch Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute lists the following as national records:

• Highest air pressure: 26 January 1932, De Bilt, Utrecht 1050.0 hPa.^[74]
• Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983, Eelde, Drenthe 954.2 hPa.^[74]

Netherlands monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure

Partial Monthly maximum figures for atmospheric pressure Netherlands

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	26 January 1932	De Bilt	1050.0	[75]
February	2 February 1993	De Bilt	1042	[75]
March	6 March 1852	Utrecht	1046.9	[76]
April	7 April 2015		1036.7	[77]
September	29 September 2015		1039.5	[77]
November		De Bilt	1044.2	[75]
December		De Bilt	1047.0	[75]

Netherlands monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure

Partial Monthly minimum figures for atmospheric pressure Netherlands

Month	Date	Location	pressure hPa	ref
January	23 January 2009	Hoek van Holland	961.0	[78]
February	25 February 1989	Vlissingen	954.4	[78]
April	1 April 1994		978.0	[77]
May	5 May 2000	De Bilt	983.5	[79]
September	24 September 2012		985.6	[77]
November	27 November 1983	Eelde, Drenthe	954.2

Germany

The German weather service (DWD) give the

• Highest air pressure: 23 January 1907,Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1060.8 hPa.<ref name "DWD">Deutscher Wetterdienst: Wetterrekorde - Luftdruck</ref>
• Lowest air pressure: 27 November 1983 in Emden, Lower Saxony at 954.4 hPa.<ref name "DWD"/>

Other record figures and locations are also presented:

• 23 January 1907 Dahlem (Berlin) 1057.8 hPa.^[80][81] It is claimed this is an incorrect correction to mslp and correct value is 1056.7 hPa.^[82] (neither figure is higher than the DWD value)

• 27 November 1983 Bremen 955.4 hPa.^[80][81] (which is also not lower than the DWD value).

• 26 February 1989 in Osnabrück 949.5 hPa.^[83][84]

Poland

In Poland the record high pressure is listed on 16 December 1997 with 1054.4 hPa recorded in Suwalki.

It is likely 23 January 1907 saw a pressure of 1064.8 ± 0.5 mbar over polish territory.^[9] Other high pressures are reported as 1051.1 hPa January 22, 2006, 1050 hPa January 3, 1993 and 1048 hPa 10 December, 1991.

The lowest post WWII value of 965.2 hPa is reported from February 26, 1989 in Szczecin and Lodz.^[85]

Reanalysis data show a low record likely occurred on 17 January 1931 when a below 960 hPa low moved over the Baltic skirting the very north of today's Polish territory.^[86]

Iberia

Synoptic chart of high pressure Iberia 2015

Spain

• A provisional highest atmospheric pressure: 9 January 2015 Castile and León ~1050 hPa.^[87][88]
• A low air pressure: February 1941, Santander 950 hPa.^[89]

Balearic islands

• Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015, Ibiza Airport 1041.1 hPa.^[90] The 9 January 2015 air pressure was 0.3 hPa more than the previous record from January 1983.^[90]

Portugal

• Highest air pressure: 9 January 2015 Chaves and Bragança, Portugal 1050.3 hPa.^[91][92] The first time values over 1050 hPa had been recorded in continental Portugal.^[93]
• A low air pressure: 15 February 1941 Évora 931 hPa.^[94]

See also

• Climate of Europe
• Climate of the United Kingdom
• United Kingdom weather records
• List of weather records

References

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