List of battles before 301

List of battles: before 301 - 301–1300 - 1301–1800 - 1801–1900 - 1901–2000 - 2001-current
See also: List of Roman battles

Before 500 BC

Year	Name	Summary
c. 2500 BC	Battle of Banquan	The Yellow Emperor defeats the Flame Emperor at Banquan, forming the Huaxia Tribe. This was the first battle in Chinese history.
c. 2500 BC	Battle of Zhuolu	The Yellow Emperor defeats Chi You at Zhuolu. This was the second battle in Chinese history.
c. 2271 BC	Battle of Uruk	King Sargon of Akkad defeats the Sumerian force led by king Lugal-Zage-Si at Uruk.
c. 1600 BC	Battle of Mingtiao	Tang of Shang defeats Jie of Xia, marking the beginning of the Shang dynasty.
c. 1500 BC	Battle of the Ten Kings	King Sudas defeats the invading Ten Kings in the Punjab region.
c. 1457 BC	Battle of Megiddo	Egyptian forces, led by Thutmose III, rout the Canaanite forces under the King of Kadesh.
c. 1300 BC	Battle at Gibeah	Biblical battle between the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin and the other tribes of Israel, regarding the death of a concubine.
c. 1274 BC	Battle of Kadesh	King Muwatallis of the Hittites surprise Ramesses II; the battle ends in a draw.
1269 BC	Siege of Dapur	Egyptian forces, led by Ramesses II, conquer Dapur.
c. 1184 BC	Battle of Troy	Troy falls after the ten-year Trojan War.
c. 1050 BC	Battle of Mount Gilboa	The Israelites fight against the Philistines; King Saul and his son Jonathan die.
c. 1046 BC	Battle of Muye	Decisive victory of the Zhou Dynasty against the Shang Dynasty.
925 BC	Battle of Bitter Lakes	Shoshenq I of Egypt defeats a Bedouin incursion after surprising the enemy at the shores of the Bitter Lakes.
925 BC	Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)	The Egyptians capture and plunder the Israeli capital of Jerusalem.
913 BC	Battle of Mount Zemaraim	Judah under King Abijah defeats Israel under King Jeroboam I; 500,000 Israelites fall in a single battle.
853 BC	Battle of Karkar	Assyrian Shalmaneser III faces a military alliance of the king of Damascus and other rulers including Tyre.
733 BC	Siege of Gezer (c.733 BC)	The Assyrian king, Tiglath-Pilesser III takes Gazru (Gezer).
707 BC	Battle of Ruge	King Huan of Zhou defeated by the Zheng general Zhu Dan when King Huan of Zhou launched a campaigned against the Zheng principality.
693 BC	Battle of Diyala River	King Sennacherib of Assyria defeats the Elamites of Southern Iran, led by Mushezib-Marduk, at Diyala River.
691 BC	Battle of Halule	King Sennacherib of Assyria fights a rebel force, composed by Babylonians, Chaldeans, Aramaeans, Elamites and by the tribes of the Zagros; the battle ended in a draw, although the greatest losses were suffered by the Assyrians.
685 BC	Battle of Deres	Aristomenes of Messenia fights Sparta, with an unknown and disputed end.
682 BC	Battle of the Great Foss	Aristomenes, Androcles, Fidas and Aristocrates II of the alliance between Messenia and Arcadia are decisively defeated by the Spartans.
669 BC	Battle of Hysiae	The Argives defeat the Lacedaemonians.
652 BC	Battle of Ulai	Assyrians defeat an Elamite army at the Ulai River, clearing the way to Elam.
647 BC	Battle of Susa	King Assurbanipal of Assyria takes Susa from king Teumann of Elam, this meaning the end of the Elamites few years after.
635 BC	Fall of Ashdod	Psamtik I of Egypt takes Ashdod from the Neo-Assyrian Empire, after a 29-year siege.
632 BC	Battle of Chengpu	Duke Wen of Jin defeats the Chu commander Ziyu in the biggest battle of the Spring and Autumn Period.
616 BC	Battle of Arrapha	Babylonians led by king Nabopolassar defeat the Assyrians.
614 BC	Fall of Assur	Nabopolassar of Babylonia and Cyaxares of the Medes take and destroy Assur, capital of the Sin- Shar-Ishkun's Assyria.
612 BC	Battle of Nineveh	The Medes and Scythians join to sack Nineveh, the capital of Assyria.
609 BC	Battle of Megiddo	Necho II of Egypt defeats and kills King Josiah of Judah.
608 BC	Fall of Harran	Nabopolassar of Babylonia takes the Assyrian city of Harran, ruled by Ashur-Uballit II.
605 BC	Battle of Carchemish	Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon begins reign by defeating Necho II of Egypt.
605 BC	Battle of Hamath	Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon defeating Necho II of Egypt in Hamath. According to Daniel 1:1 Nebuchadrezzar II takes and despoils Jerusalem, under the rule of Jehoiakim of Judea but Daniel is written 167 BC and actually the siege was 599 BC.
597 BC	Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)	Babylonia takes and despoils Jerusalem
595 BC	Battle of Bi	Part of the Spring and Autumn Period.
588 BC	Battle of An	Part of the Spring and Autumn Period.
587 BC	Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)	Babylonia takes and destroys Jerusalem.
585 BC	Battle of Halys	Last battle of the war between Lydians and Medes. A solar eclipse is perceived as an ill omen and the fighting stops.
575 BC	Battle of Yanling	Part of the Spring and Autumn Period.
551 BC	Battle of the Median Border	In one hand Cambyses II of Persia, Cyrus the Great and Harpagus tactically defeated the Medes; in the other hand were the Medes who defeated the Persians strategically.
551 BC	Battle of Hyrba	Cyrus the Great of Persia defeats Harpagus of Media, starting the Persian rebel alliance.
550 BC	Battle of the Fetters	Battle between Sparta and Arcadia.
550 BC	Battle of Pasargadae	Cyrus the Great of Persia defeats Astyages of Media, annexing Media to Persia.
547 BC	Battle of Pteria	Croesus and Cyrus the Great fight to a draw.
546 BC	Battle of Thymbra	Croesus of Lydia is defeated by Cyrus the Great of Persia.
545 BC	Battle of The 300 Champions	The Spartans defeat the Argives in a battle of 300 chosen champions. Only 3 survive.
540 BC	Battle of Alalia	Carthaginian and Etruscan fleets defeat Phocaeans.
539 BC-538 BC	Battle of Opis	Cyrus the Great defeats Nabonidus (or Belshazzar).
525 BC	Battle of Pelusium	Decisive victory of Cambyses II against Egyptians under Psamtik III - Egypt is annexed by the Achaemenid Empire.
509 BC	Siege of Rome (509 BC)
508 BC	Siege of Rome (508 BC)	Etruscan forces besiege Rome, ending in a peace treaty; monarchy stays abolished in Rome.
506 BC	Battle of Bai ju	Forces of Wu under Sun Tzu, defeat the forces of Chu.

5th century BC

Year	Name	Summary
499 BC	Siege of Naxos	Battle between the Persians under Megabates and the Greek inhabitants of Naxos.
498 BC	Siege of Sardis	Battle between the people of Sardis and an alliance of Greeks from Ionia, Athens, and Eretria.
498 BC	Battle of Ephesus	Persian victory during the Ionian Revolt.
496 BC	Battle of Lake Regillus	Romans defeat either the Etruscans or the Latins.
494 BC	Battle of Lade	Persians defeat participants of the Ionian Revolt.
494 BC	Battle of Sepeia	Spartan forces of Cleomenes I defeat the Argives, fully establishing Spartan dominance in the Peloponnese.
490 BC	Siege of Naxos (490 BC)	The Persians destroy Naxos
	Siege of Eretria	The Persians under Datis and Artaphernes defeat the Eretrians.
	Battle of Marathon	Athens under Miltiades defeats the Persian expedition of Darius I of Persia and Artaphernes.
480 BC	Battle of Thermopylae	Persians under Xerxes defeat the Spartans under King Leonidas.
	Battle of Artemisium	Persian fleet fights an inconclusive battle with the Greek allied fleet.
	Battle of Salamis	Greek ships under Themistocles and Eurybiades of Sparta defeat Persian fleet in the Bay of Eleusis.
	Battle of Himera	The Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelo of Syracuse, defeat the Carthaginians under Hamilcar.
479 BC	Battle of Plataea	Ends the Persian invasion of Greece; Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army, routs the armies of Mardonius.
479 BC	Battle of Mycale	Greeks under Leotychidas sail to Asia Minor, attack the Persian fleet, and defeat then 60,000 Persian troops.
478 BC	Siege of Byzantium (478 BC)	Byzantium lost by Persians.
478 BC	Battle of Lize	Yue defeats Wu, gaining much territory, during the Warring States period of Chinese history.
477 BC	Battle of the Cremera	The Etruscan city of Veii defeats the Roman Republic at Cremera.
475 BC	Siege of Eion	The Delian League takes Eion from the Persians.
474 BC	Battle of Cumae	The Syracusans under Hiero I defeat the Etruscans and end Etruscan expansion in southern Italy.
466 BC	Battle of the Eurymedon	Athenians under Cimon defeat the Persians in a great naval battle.
458 BC	Battle of Mons Algidus	Romans under Cincinnatus defeat the Aequi.
457 BC	Battle of Tanagra	The Spartans defeat the Athenians near Thebes, Greece.
457 BC	Battle of Oenophyta	The Athenians defeat the Thebans and take control of Boeotia.
454 BC	Siege of Prosoptis	Persia re-establishes control over Egypt.
453 BC	Battle of Jinyang	Decisive battle leading to the partition of the state of Jin into three smaller states of Zhao, Han and Wei which became among three of the seven warring states in China.
450 BC	Siege of Citium	Persia maintains control over Cyprus.
450 BC	Battle of Salamis	Athenians under Cimon defeat the Persian fleet at Cyprus.
447 BC	Battle of Coronea	The Athenians are driven from Boeotia.
446 BC	Battle of Corbione	Roman General Titus gains a victory over the Aequi tribes.
435 BC	Capture of Fidenae	Romans defeat the Veii.
433 BC	Battle of Sybota	Athenians and Corcyreans fight the Corinthians.
432 BC	Battle of Potidaea	Athens defeats Sparta, leading to the Peloponnesian War.
429 BC	Battle of Spartolos	Chalcidians and their allies defeat Athens.
	Battle of Rhium	Naval defeat of the Peloponnesians by Athens.
	Battle of Naupactus	Phormio defeats the Peloponnesian fleet.
427 BC	Mytilenean revolt	Athens ends Mytilenian revolt.
427 BC	Battle of Plataea	Sparta besieges and destroys Plataea.
426 BC	Battle of Tanagra	Athenians under Nicias defeat Tanagra and Thebes.
	Battle of Olpae	Athenians under Demosthenes defeat the Spartans in Aetolia.
	Battle of Idomene	Demosthenes of Athens defeats Ambracia.
425 BC	Battle of Pylos	Athenians under Demosthenes again defeat the Spartans, this time capturing a Spartan fleet and leaving a Spartan contingent isolated on the island of Sphacteria.
425 BC	Battle of Sphacteria	Demosthenes and Cleon capture the Spartans on Sphacteria.
424 BC	Battle of Megara	Athens encounters defeat at Megara.
424 BC	Battle of Delium	Another Athenian invasion of Boeotia is unsuccessful.
422 BC	Battle of Amphipolis	The Spartans under Brasidas defeat the Athenians under Cleon; both generals die.
418 BC	Battle of Mantinea	The Spartans under King Agis II defeat the Argives, Mantineans, and Athenians.
417 BC	Battle of Hysiae	Spartans march against Argos with their allies, yet fail to take the city itself, instead capturing Hysiae.
415 BC	Battle of Melos	Athens invades Melos.
415 BC	Battle of Syracuse	The Athenian expedition in Sicily, under Nicias and Demosthenes, encounters annihilation.
415 BC	Sicilian Expedition	Athens invades Sicily and is completely destroyed two years later in 413 BC.
411 BC	Battle of Eretria	Spartans defeat the Athenian fleet.
	Battle of Syme	Spartans defeat Athenian fleet; Persia is drawn into the Peloponnesian War.
	Battle of Cynossema	The Athenians under Alcibiades defeat the Spartan fleet.
410 BC	Battle of Cyzicus	The Athenian fleet, under the leadership of Alcibiades, destroys the Spartan fleet.
410 BC	Battle of Abydos	Athenian navy defeats Spartan fleet.
409 BC	Battle of Selinus	Dorian Greek city Selinus destroyed.
409 BC	Battle of Himera (409 BC)	Ionian Greek city Himera destroyed.
406 BC	Battle of Notium	The Spartans under Lysander defeat a segment of the Athenian fleet under Antiochus.
	Battle of Mytilene	Sparta defeats Athens.
	Battle of Arginusae	The final Athenian victory of the Peloponnesian War.
	Siege of Akragas (406 BC)	Dorian Greek city Akragas sacked.
405 BC	Battle of Gela (405 BC)	Dorian Greek city Gela sacked.
	Battle of Aegospotami	The final battle of the Peloponnesian War; Lysander destroys the navy of Athens led by Conon.
	Sack of Camarina (405 BC)	Carthaginians sack Sicilian Greek city of Camarina.
404 or 403 BC	Battle of Phyle	The Athenian exiles, seeking restore democracy in Athens, defeat the Spartans.
404 or 403 BC	Battle of Munychia	The Athenian exiles, in his search for democracy in Athens, defeat the oligarchic government of Athens.
403 BC	Battle of Piraeus	The Athenian exiles, led by Thrasybulus, are finally defeated by the Spartans of Pausanias, suffering both sides tremendous casualties. Although, Piraeus and Athens are reunited and the democratic government of Athens is reestablished.
401 BC	Battle of Cunaxa	Artaxerxes II of Persia defeats the forces of Cyrus the Younger.

4th century BC

Year	Name	Summary
398 BC	Siege of Motya	Phoenician city Motya sacked.
397 BC	Battle of Messene	Ionian Greek city Messene sacked.
	Battle of Catana (397 BC)	Greek fleet defeated.
	Battle of Syracuse (387 BC)	Battle between Syracuse and Carthage. Part of the Sicilian Wars.
396 BC	Battle of Veii	Romans complete conquest of Etruscans
395 BC	Battle of Haliartus	The Spartan general Lysander is killed in a Spartan defeat by the Thebans
394 BC	Battle of Nemea	Spartans defeat the Thebans, Athenians, Argives and Corinthians.
	Battle of Cnidus	The Spartan fleet under Peisander is utterly destroyed by the Persian-Athenian fleet of Conon
	Battle of Coronea	King Agesilaus II of Sparta defeats the Thebans.
391 BC	Battle of Lechaeum	Iphicrates of Athens defeats Sparta during the Corinthian War.
390 BC	Battle of the Allia	The Gauls defeat the Romans, leading to the Gallic sack of Rome
389 BC	Battle of the Elleporus	Dionysius I of Syracuse defeats the Italiote League, securing his domination of Greek Southern Italy.
386 BC	Siege of Rhegium	Dionysius I of Syracuse conquers the city and sells the inhabitants into slavery.
376 BC	Battle of Naxos	The Athenians under Chabrias defeat the Spartans at sea.
375 BC	Battle of Tegyra	Pelopidas of Thebes defeats Sparta.
371 BC	Battle of Leuctra	Spartans under king Cleombrotus lose to the Thebans under Epaminondas - Cleombrotus is killed. This ends the period of Spartan domination of Greece
364 BC	Battle of Cynoscephalae	The Thebans under Pelopidas fight a drawn battle with Alexander of Pherae in Thessaly. Pelopidas is killed
362 BC	Battle of Mantinea	The Thebans and their allies, under Epaminondas, defeat the Spartans and Athenians, but Epaminondas himself is killed, ending the brief period of Theban domination
356 BC	Battle of Embata	Athenians under Chares, Iphicrates and Timotheos are defeated by the Chians at Chios, Greece.
353 BC	Battle of Crocus Field	Philip II of Macedon defeats the Phocians in the Third Sacred War
353 BC	Battle of Guiling	Tian Ji and Sun Bin of Qi defeat Pang Juan of Wei at HanDan during the Warring States period of China.
343 BC	Battle of Pelusium	Persians defeat Egyptian forces under Nectanebo II.
342 BC	Battle of Mount Gaurus	Roman general Marcus Valerius Corvus defeats the Samnites
342 BC	Battle of Maling	Tian Ji and Sun Bin of Qi again defeat Pang Juan of Wei, this time at Dazhangija Town, at Shen County, in Henan Province.
341 BC	Battle of Suessula	The Roman Republic beats the Samnites, but is forced to withdraw due to the revolt of several of its Latin allies.
340 BC	Battle of the Crimissus	Timoleon defeats the Carthaginian invaders of Sicily
340 BC	Siege of Byzantium	by Philip II of Macedonia
339 BC	Battle of Vesuvius	Romans under P. Decius Mus and T. Manlius Imperiosus defeat the rebellious Latins.
338 BC	2 August - Battle of Chaeronea	Philip of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in their struggle to maintain their independence
338 BC	Battle of Trifanum	Roman general T. Manlius Imperiosus decisively defeats the Latins.
335 BC	Battle of Thebes	Macedon defeats Thebans and razes the city.
334 BC	Battle of the Granicus	Alexander the Great defeats the Persian army in Western Asia Minor
333 BC	Battle of Issus	Alexander the Great defeats the main Persian army under King Darius III in northern Syria.
333 BC	Siege of Gordium	Parmenion, in the absence of Alexander, captures the city of Gordium from the Persian Achaemenid Empire, annexing all Anatolia to Macedon.
332 BC	Siege of Tyre (332 BC)	Alexander the Great besieges the city.
332 BC	Siege of Gaza	Alexander the Great, commander of the Macedonian forces and their Greek allies, takes Gaza from the Persian Batis, gaining Egypt.
331 BC	Battle of Pandosia	Alexander of Epirus, the uncle of Alexander the Great, is defeated and killed in Italy by the Samnites.
	Battle of Megalopolis	Antipater, Alexander's regent in Macedon and Greece, defeats the Spartans under King Agis III
	Battle of Gaugamela	1 October Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in Mesopotamia and conquers Persia
330 BC	Battle of the Persian Gate	Persians fail to prevent Alexander the Great from taking Persepolis
327 BC	Capture of Neapolis	The Samnites take the city of Neapolis from Rome.
	Siege of the Sogdian Rock	Alexander the Great of the now Macedonian Empire takes the fortress of the Sogdian Rock or Rock of Ariamazes from the Sogdians, gaining all Sogdiana.
	Siege of Aornos	Alexander the Great takes the fortress of Aornos in the gorges of the Upper Indus.
326 BC	Battle of the Hydaspes	Alexander defeats the Indian King Porus
322 BC	Battle of Crannon	Lamian War
321 BC	Battle of the Caudine Forks	The Romans under Spurius Postumius and T. Verturius Calvinus are defeated by the Samnites under Gaius Pontius.
317 BC	Battle of Paraitacene	Antigonus Monophthalmus vs. Eumenes
316 BC	Battle of Lautulae	The Romans are defeated by the Samnites.
316 BC	Battle of Gabiene	Antigonus Monophthalmus vs. Eumenes
312 BC	Battle of Gaza	Ptolemy I of Egypt vs. Demetrius I Poliorcetes
311 BC	Battle of Himera	The Carthaginian general Hamilcar defeats the tyrant Agathocles of Syracuse, who is then besieged in Syracuse.
310 BC	Battle of Lake Vadimo	The Romans defeat the Etruscans.
306 BC	Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)	Demetrius I Poliorcetes defeats the fleet of Menelaeus, brother of Ptolemy I
305 BC	Battle of Bovianum	The Roman consuls M. Fulvius and L. Postumius decisively defeat the Samnites to end the Second Samnite War.
305-304 BC	Siege of Rhodes (305 BC)	Rhodian commander Ares, alongside his Seleucid and Ptolemaic allies, repels a siege of the Antigonids, led by Demetrius Poliorcetes.
301 BC	Battle of Ipsus	Antigonus Monophthalmus is defeated and killed by Seleucus and Lysimachus

3rd century BC

Year	Name	Summary
298 BC	Battle of Camerinum	The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio in the first battle of the Third Samnite War.
297 BC	Battle of Tifernum	Roman forces defeat the Samnites in Umbria.
295 BC	Battle of Sentinum	The Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace
293 BC	Battle of Aquilonia	The Romans decisively defeat the Samnites.
293 BC	Battle of Yique	Qin forces defeat the allied states of Wei and Han, leading to Qin's further superiority in China.
284 BC	Battle of Arretium	A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls.
283 BC	Battle of Lake Vadimo	A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabello defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
282 BC	Battle of Populonia	Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
281 BC	Battle of Corupedium	Last battle in the wars of the Diadochi. Seleucus defeats and kills Lysimachus.
280 BC	Battle of Heraclea	First engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious.
279 BC	Battle of Asculum	Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans, at a great cost.
279 BC	Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC)	A Greek alliance battles invading Gallic forces indecisively.
277 BC	Battle of Lysimachia	Macedonian Antigonid forces versus Gallic tribes that had settled in the Thracian Chersonese.
275 BC	Battle of Beneventum	Pyrrhus fights Rome one last time in this inconclusive draw, but elects to leave Italy afterwards.
274 BC	Battle of the Aous	Pyrrhus defeats Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon.
262 BC	Battle of Agrigentum	Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, giving them control of most of Sicily.
261 BC	Battle of Cos	Naval victory of Antigonus II Gonatas over Ptolemy II.
260 BC	Battle of Changping	Army of Qin under Bai Qi routed army of Zhao and massacred 500,000 prisoners of war. Military superiority of Qin over all other states of China. Unification became a matter of time.
	Battle of the Lipara Islands	A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians
	Battle of Mylae	A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
258 BC	Battle of Ephesus	Rhodians under Agathostratus defeat a Ptolemaic fleet under Chremonides.
258 BC	Battle of Sulci	Minor Roman naval victory during First Punic War.
257 BC	Battle of Tyndaris	Sicilian town captured by Rome.
256 BC	Battle of Cape Ecnomus	A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
255 BC	Battle of Adys	The Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa
255 BC	Battle of Tunis	The Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
251 BC	Battle of Panormus	Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
249 BC	Battle of Drepana	Carthaginians under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Claudius Pulcher.
246 BC	Battle of Andros	Ptolemy III loses the Cyclades to Antigonus II of Macedonia.
241 BC	Battle of the Aegates Islands	Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians, ending the First Punic War
239 BC	Battle of the Bagradas River	Hamilcar defeats mercenary troops, making it the first victory in the Mercenary Wars.
239 BC	Battle of "The Saw"	Hamilcar defeats a great mercenary army at Tunis.
238 BC	Battle of Utica	Rebellious Carthaginian mercenaries are defeated by the loyal troops of Hamilcar Barca
226 BC	Battle of Dyme	Sparta defeats the Achaean League decisively, resulting in a peace treaty.
225 BC	Battle of Faesulae	The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
225 BC	Battle of Telamon	The Romans under Aemilius Papus and Caius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
222 BC	Battle of Clastidium	The Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
222 BC	Battle of Sellasia	Defeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League
218 BC	Siege of Saguntum	Hannibal of Carthage lays siege on the city of Saguntum in Spain, marking the start of the Second Punic War.
	Battle of Lilybaeum	Roman naval forces under Amellius defeat the Carthaginians, ending their attempts to colonize Sicily.
	Battle of Rhone Crossing	Hannibal defeats the Volcae Gauls, staying undefeated in his march for Italy.
	November Battle of the Ticinus	Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a small cavalry fight.
	Battle of the Trebia	Hannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus, who had foolishly attacked.
	Battle of Cissa	Roman forces defeat a Catharginian army under Hanno, controlling the territory north of Ebro river.
217 BC	22 June Battle of Raphia	Antiochus III the Great is defeated by Ptolemy IV.
	24 June Battle of Lake Trasimene	In an ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
	Battle of Ebro River	Roman naval forces destroy a Carthaginian fleet under Himilco, weakening Carthage's influence in Iberia.
	Battle of Ager Falernus	Hannibal defeats Roman forces under Quintus Fabius Maximus.
	Battle of Geronium	Hannibal fights Roman forces in Apulia, resulting in a strategic draw.
216 BC	2 August Battle of Cannae	Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
216 BC	First Battle of Nola	The Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus holds off an attack by Hannibal.
215 BC	Battle of Dertosa	A Roman army under Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus and Publius Cornelius Scipio destroys Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal.
	Second Battle of Nola	Marcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal.
	Battle of Cornus	Roman forces under Torquatus defeat a Carthaginian army under Hamilcar in Sicily.
214 BC	Third Battle of Nola	Marcellus fights an inconclusive battle with Hannibal.
	Battle of Beneventum	Tiberius Gracchus' slave legions defeat Hanno (son of Bomlicar) and, therefore, deny Hannibal his reinforcements.
	Siege of Syracuse	The forces Roman general Marcellus being kept at bay by the inventions of Archimedes.
212 BC	Battle of Tarentum	Hannibal defeats a Roman army in southern Italy, strengthening his situation in Italy.
	First Battle of Capua	Hannibal defeats the consuls Q. Fulvius Flaccus and Appius Claudius, but the Roman army escapes
	Battle of Beneventum	Quintus Fulvius Flaccus defeats Hanno the Elder in Southern Italy.
	Battle of the Silarus	Hannibal destroys the army of the Roman praetor M. Centenius Penula.
	Battle of Herdonia	Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
211 BC	Battle of the Upper Baetis	Publius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca
211 BC	Second Battle of Capua	Hannibal is unable to break the Roman siege of the city.
210 BC	Second Battle of Herdonia	Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Fulvius Centumalus, who is killed
210 BC	Battle of Numistro	Hannibal defeats Marcellus once more
209 BC	First Battle of Lamia	Philip V of Macedon defeats an Aetolian force under Phyrrhias.
	Second Battle of Lamia	Philip V of Macedon again defeats Phyrrhias.
	Battle of Asculum	Hannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle
	Battle of Tarentum	Quintus Fabius Maximus defeats Hannibal's forces.
208 BC	Battle of Baecula	The Romans in Spain under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca
	Siege of Bactra	The Seleucid Empire defeats the Greco-Bactrians under Euthydemus
	Battle of the Arius	Antiochus III defeats the Greco-Bactrians
207 BC	Battle of Grumentum	The Roman general Gaius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal, then escapes north to confront Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca, who has invaded Italy
	Battle of Julu	Xiang Yu destroys the main Qin army for control of China
	Battle of the Metaurus	Hasdrubal is defeated and killed by Nero's Roman army.
	Battle of Cartagena	Scipio Africanus Major destroys the Catharginian city of Cartagena in Iberia.
	Battle of Mantinea	Philopoemen of the Achaean League defeats the Spartans under Machanidas, who is killed
206 BC	Battle of Ilipa	Scipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain.
205 BC	Battle of Jingxing	Han Xin, with an army of 30,000 levies, defeats a numerically larger army of the Zhao near Jingxing (Jing Gorge)
205 BC	Battle of Tao River	Han Xin, positioning his army with a river behind them to make them fight to the death, defeats a Zhao army, killing Chen Yu and capturing Zhao Xie, the Prince of Zhao.
204 BC	Battle of Crotona	Hannibal fights a drawn battle against the Roman general Sempronius in Southern Italy.
	Battle of Utica	Scipio Africanus fights the Catharginians and Numidians, ending in a draw.
	Battle of Wei River	Han Xin defeats a joint Qi and Western Chu army by building a temporary dam, luring his enemies into the river, and opening the dam to drown them.
203 BC	Battle of Utica	Publius Cornelius Scipio decisively defeats Catharge under Hasdrubal.
	Battle of Bagbrades	The Romans under Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax. Hannibal is sent to return to Africa.
	Battle of Cirta	Roman forces sack the Numidian capital, decisively defeating Catharge's ally.
	Po Valley Raid	Roman forces under Varus and Cethegus defeat Mago of Catharge, ending the Second Punic War in Italy.
202 BC	Battle of Zama	Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War
202 BC	Battle of Gaixia	The Han forces led by Liu Bang, who was later to become Emperor of China, defeats their Chu opponents.
201 BC	Battle of Chios	Philip V of Macedon is defeated at sea by the Rhodians and Pergamenes
201 BC	Battle of Lade	Philip V of Macedon defeats Cleonaeus of Rhodes in naval battle.
200 BC	Battle of Cremona	Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul
	Battle of Baideng	The army of Han China, attempting to conquer the Xiongnu people living to the north, is defeated and the Chinese Emperor is almost captured.
	Battle of Panium	Antiochus III the Great secures the conquest of Syria and Israel from Egypt with this victory

2nd century BC

Year	Name	Summary
198 BC	Battle of the Aous	Roman forces under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeat the Macedonians under Philip V
197 BC	Battle of Cynoscephalae	Romans under Flamininus decisively defeats Philip in Thessaly
194 BC	Battle of Mutina	Roman victory over the Gauls
194 BC	Battle of Gythium	With assistance from Rome, Rhodes and Macedon, Philopoemen of the Achaean League defeats the Spartans under Nabis
191 BC	Battle of Thermopylae	Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio defeat Antiochus III the Great and force him to evacuate Greece
190 BC	Battle of the Eurymedon	Roman forces under Lucius Aemilius Regillus defeat a Seleucid fleet commanded by Hannibal, fighting his last battle.
	Battle of Myonessus	Another Seleucid fleet is defeated by the Romans
	December - Battle of Magnesia	(near Smyrna) Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Scipio Africanus Major defeat Antiochus III the Great in the decisive victory of the war.
189 BC	Battle of Mount Olympus	Roman and Pergamum forces crushingly defeat the Galatians.
171 BC	Battle of Callicinus	Perseus of Macedon defeats a Roman army under Publius Licinius Crassus.
168 BC	22 June - Battle of Pydna	Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus, ending the Third Macedonian War
167 BC	Battle of Wadi Haramia	Jewish rebels under Judas Maccabaeus deal a serious blow to the Seleucids, killing their leader Apollonius.
166 BC	Battle of Beth Horon (166 BC)	The Jewish rebel leader Judas Maccabaeus defeats the Seleucids.
166 BC	Battle of Emmaus	Judas Maccabeus again defeats the Seleucids
164 BC	Battle of Beth Zur	Another victory of Judas Maccabaeus over the Seleucids, leading to the recapture of Jerusalem by the rebels
162 BC	Battle of Beth Zachariah	The Seleucid regent Lysias defeats the Jewish rebels
161 BC	Battle of Adasa	In his last victory, Judas Maccabaeus defeats the Seleucid general Nicanor.
160 BC	Battle of Elasa	Jewish leader Judas Maccabaeus is defeated and killed by the Selucid army of Bacchides
148 BC	Battle of Pydna	The forces of the Macedonian pretender Andriscus are defeated by the Romans under Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus in the decisive engagement of the Fourth Macedonian War
146 BC	Battle of Carthage (c.149 BC)	ends - Scipio Africanus Minor captures and destroys Carthage, ending the Third Punic War
146 BC	Battle of Corinth	The Romans under Lucius Mummius defeat the Achaean League forces of Critolaus, who is killed. Greece comes under direct Roman rule.
145 BC	Battle of Antioch	Ptolemy VI Philometor defeats the Seleucid usurper Alexander Balas, but is killed in the fighting
133 BC	Siege of Numantia	Roman forces under Scipio Aemilianus defeat the Celtiberians and sack their capital city.
133 BC	Battle of Mayi	Aborted ambush mission by the Han against invading Xiongnu forces.
129 BC	Battle of Ecbatana	The Seleucid King Antiochus VII Sidetes is defeated and killed by the Parthians under Phraates II, ending any pretense of Seleucid control over Media or Mesopotamia.
119 BC	Battle of Mobei	Han forces decisively defeat the Xiongnu army in the Gobi desert, more than 90,000 die.
112 BC	Battle of Noreia	Cimbrian victory during Cimbrian War.
108 BC	Battle of the Muthul	Roman forces under Caecilius Metellus defeat the forces of Jugurtha of Numidia
108 BC	Battle of Loulan	Han forces defeat Loulan.
105 BC	6 October - Battle of Arausio	Cimbri inflict a major defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
102 BC	Battle of Aquae Sextae	The Romans under Gaius Marius defeat Teutons
101 BC	Battle of Vercellae	The Romans under Marius defeat the Cimbri, who are entirely annihilated.

1st century BC

Year	Battle	Summary
89 BC	Battle of Fucine Lake	Roman forces under Lucius Porcius Cato are defeated by the Italian rebels in the Social War
89 BC	Battle of Asculum	The Roman army of C. Pompeius Strabo decisively defeats the rebels in the Social War.
88 BC	Battle of the River Amnias	Mithridatic forces defeat Nicomedes IV of Bithynia.
88 BC	Battle of Mount Scorobas	Mithridatic forces under Archelaus defeat the Romans under Manius Aquilius.
87 - 86 BC	Siege of Athens and Piraeus	Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeats combined forces of Athens and Pontus at Athens.
86 BC	Battle of Tenedos	Naval victory for Lucius Licinius Lucullus during the First Mithridatic War.
86 BC	Battle of Chaeronea	The Roman forces of Lucius Cornelius Sulla defeat the Pontic forces of Archelaus in the First Mithridatic War
85 BC	Battle of Orchomenus	Sulla again defeats Archelaus in the decisive battle of the First Mithridatic War.
83 BC	Battle of Mount Tifata	Sulla defeats the popular forces of Caius Norbanus in the First Roman Civil War.
82 BC	Battle of the Colline Gate (November)	Sulla defeats Samnites allied to the popular party in Rome in the decisive battle of the Civil War.
80 BC	Battle of the Baetis River	Rebel forces under Quintus Sertorius defeat the legal Roman forces of Lucius Fulfidias in Spain.\|
74 BC	Battle of Cyzicus	Roman forces under Lucius Lucullus defeat the forces of Mithridates VI of Pontus
72 BC	Battle of Cabira	Lucullus again defeats Mithridates, overrunning Pontus
69 BC	Battle of Tigranocerta	Lucullus defeats the army of Tigranes II of Armenia, who was harboring his father-in-law Mithridates VI of Pontus
68 BC	Battle of Artaxata	Lucullus again defeats Tigranes.
67 BC	Battle of Korakesion	Naval battle between pirates and Pompey's Fleet, ending in a decisive victory against piracy in the Mediterranean.
67 BC	Battle of Jushi	Han troops defeat the Xiongnu, seizing the city of Jiaohe.
66 BC	Battle of the Lycus	Pompey the Great decisively defeats Mithridates VI, effectively ending the Third Mithridatic War
62 BC	Battle of Pistoria (January)	The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius.
58 BC	Battle of the Arar (Saône) (June)	Caesar defeats the migrating Helvetii
58 BC	Battle of Bibracte (July)	Caesar again defeats the Helvetii, this time decisively.
58 BC	Battle of Vosges (58 BC)	September Caesar decisively defeats the forces of the Germanic chieftain Ariovistus near modern Belfort
57 BC	Battle of the Axona	(Aisne) Caesar defeats the forces of the Belgae under King Galba of Suessiones.
57 BC	Battle of the Sabis	(Sambre) Caesar defeats the Nervii.
53 BC	Battle of Carrhae	The Roman Triumvir Crassus is defeated and killed by the Parthians
52 BC	Battle of Bovillae	The gangs of Clodius and Milo clash surprisingly, leading to the death of Clodius.
52 BC	Battle of Gergovia	Caesar is defeated by the Gallic leader Vercingetorix
52 BC	Battle of Alesia	Caesar defeats Vercingetorix, completing the Roman conquest of Transalpine Gaul.
49 BC	Siege of Massilia	Caesar besieges and captures Massilia, resulting in the absorption of the city into the Republic.
49 BC	Battle of Ilerda	Caesar defeats the Spanish army of Pompey.
49 BC	Battle of Utica (49 BC)	C. Scribonius Curio defeats the Numidians in North Africa, cutting off supplies to Attius Varus.
49 BC	Battle of the Bagradas River 24 August	Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia. Curio commits suicide.
48 BC	Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 10 July	Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia.
48 BC	Battle of Pharsalus	Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey, who flees to Egypt
48 BC	Battle of Nicopolis (48 BC)	Pharnaces II of Pontus defeats a Roman army under Calvinus decisively.
47 BC	Battle of the Nile	In February, Caesar defeats the forces of the Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII
47 BC	Siege of Alexandria (47 BC)	Ptolemy XIII lays an unsuccessful siege on Alexandria to defeat Caesar and Cleopatra VII.
47 BC	May Battle of Zela	Caesar defeats Pharnaces II of Pontus. This is the battle where he famously said Veni, vidi, vici. (I came, I saw, I conquered.)
46 BC	Battle of Ruspina	4 January - Caesar loses perhaps as much as a third of his army to Titus Labienus.
46 BC	Battle of Thapsus 6 February	Caesar defeats the Pompeian army of Metellus Scipio in North Africa.
45 BC	Battle of Munda 17 March	In his last victory, Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Gnaeus Pompey the Younger in Spain. Labienus is killed in the battle and the Younger Pompey captured and executed.
43 BC	Battle of Forum Gallorum	14 April - Antony, besieging Caesar's assassin Decimus Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed, but is then immediately defeated by the army of the other consul, Hirtius
43 BC	Battle of Mutina	21 April - Antony is again defeated in battle by Hirtius, who is killed. Although Antony fails to capture Mutina, Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly thereafter.
42 BC	First Battle of Philippi	3 October - The Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius. Although Brutus defeats Octavian, Antony defeats Cassius, who commits suicide.
42 BC	Second Battle of Philippi 23 October	Brutus's army is decisively defeated by Antony and Octavian. Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after.
40 BC	Battle of Perugia	Mark Antony's brother Lucius Antonius and his wife Fulvia are defeated by Octavian. Fulvian is exiled.
36 BC	Battle of Naulochus	Octavian's fleet, under the command of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa defeats the forces of Sextus Pompey.
36 BC	Battle of Zhizhi	Han forces defeat the Xiongnu and kill their chieftain Zhizhi.
31 BC	Battle of Actium	2 September - Octavian decisively defeats Antony and Cleopatra in a naval battle near Greece
30 BC	Battle of Alexandria	31 July - Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
11 BC	Battle of the Lupia River	Roman forces under Augustus's stepson Drusus win a victory in Germany.

1st century

Year	Battle	Summary
9	Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	The German leader Arminius defeats the Roman legions of Publius Quinctilius Varus
16	Battle of the Weser River	Legions under Germanicus defeat German tribes of Arminius
23	Battle of Kunyang	After being sieged for 2 months, 9000 insurgents under Liu Xiu defeat 450,000 of Wang Mang's troops, ushering in the fall of Wang Mang and restoration of Han Dynasty.
43	Battle of the Medway	Claudius and general Aulus Plautius defeat a confederation of British Celtic tribes. Roman invasion of Britain begins.
50	Battle of Caer Caradock	The British chieftain Caractacus is defeated and captured by the Romans under Ostorius Scapula.
60-61	Battle of Camulodunum	A British horde crushes most of the IX. Legion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis.
61	Battle of Watling Street	The uprising of the British queen Boudica against the Romans is defeated by Suetonius Paullinus
62	Battle of Rhandeia	Romans under Lucius Caesennius Paetus are defeated by a Parthian-Armenian army under King Tiridates of Parthia.
66	Battle of Beth Horon (66)	Jewish rebels defeat a Roman legion, bringing about one of Rome's most severe defeats against rebels in their history.
67	Siege of Yodfat	Roman forces under Vespasianus and Titus sack Yodfat after 47 days, killing most of its inhabitants and enslaving the rest.
67	Siege/Battle of Gamla
69	14 April Battle of Bedriacum	Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho and seizes the throne.
69	24 October Second Battle of Bedriacum	Forces under Antonius Primus, the commander of the Danube armies, loyal to Vespasian, defeat the forces of Emperor Vitellius.
69	Battle of Locus Castorum	Armies of Emperors Otho and Vitellius clash in northern Italy, ending in victory for Otho's forces.
70	Siege of Jerusalem (70)	Titus lays siege on Jerusalem for 7 months, killing tens of thousands of Jews and destroying the Second Temple of Jerusalem.
71	Battle of Stanwick	Roman forces defeat the Brigantes.
73	Battle of Yiwulu	Part of an expedition against the Xiongnu, ending in Han victory.
84	Battle of Mons Graupius	The Romans under Agricola defeat the Caledonians.
87,88	First Battle of Tapae	between the Roman emperor Domitian and the Kingdom of Dacia
89	Battle of Ikh Bayan	Part of an expedition against the Xiongnu, decisive Han victory with massive amounts of prisoners taken

2nd century

Year	Battle	Description
101	Second Battle of Tapae	Trajan defeats Decebalus, ending the Trajan's Dacian Wars.
102	Battle of Adamclisi	Trajan defeats Dacians, Roxolani & Bastarnae in modern Romania.
106	Battle of Sarmizegetusa	Trajan victorious in the siege of the Dacian capital of Sarmizegetusa.
165	Battle of Ctesiphon (165)	Romans under Avidius Cassius defeat the Parthians, further weakening their Empire.
190	Battle of Xingyang	Dong Zhuo emerges victorious against Cao Cao
191	Battle of Jieqiao	Yuan Shao's infantry repulses a cavalry charge by rival warlord Gongsun Zan
191	Battle of Yangcheng	Yuan Shao was beaten back by Sun Jian
191	Battle of Xiangyang (191)	Liu Biao emerges victorious against Sun Jian
193	Battle of Cyzicus	Septimius Severus, the new Emperor, defeats his eastern rival Pescennius Niger
193	Battle of Nicaea	Severus again defeats Niger
193	Battle of Fengqiu	Cao Cao emerges victorious against Yuan Shu
194	Battle of Issus	Severus defeats Niger for the last time.
194	Battle of Yan Province	Cao Cao and Lü Bu battle for control of the region
197	Battle of Lugdunum	19 February Emperor Septimius Severus defeats and kills his rival Clodius Albinus, securing full control over the Empire.
197	Battle of Wancheng	Cao Cao flees after Zhang Xiu attacked
198	Battle of Ctesiphon (198)	Roman forces under Septimius Severus capture the Parthian capital, fatally weakening the Empire, leading to the rise of the Sassanids
198	Battle of Xiapi	Cao Cao and Liu Bei emerges victorious against Lü Bu
199	Battle of Yijing	Yuan Shao emerges victorious against Gongsun Zan

3rd century

Year	Battle	Notes
200	Battle of Guandu	Cao Cao defeats Yuan Shao's numerically superior army and secures domination of the North China plain.
202	Battle of Bowang	Liu Bei emerges victorious against Xiahou Dun
208	Battle of Xiakou	Sun Quan emerges victorious against Huang Zu
208	Battle of Changban	Cao Cao's cavalry catch Liu Bei's forces, disperse his army and capture most of his baggage train.
208	Battle of Red Cliffs	War of Three Kingdoms
208	Battle of Yiling (208)	Sun Quan emerges victorious against Cao Cao
209	Battle of Jiangling	Sun Quan & Liu Bei emerge victorious against Cao Cao
211	Battle of Tong Pass	Cao Cao emerges victorious against Ma Chao
213	Siege of Jicheng	Ma Chao emerges victorious against Cao Cao
213	Battle of Lucheng	Yang Fu emerges victorious against Ma Chao
215	Battle of Yangping	Cao Cao emerges victorious against Zhang Lu
215	Battle of Baxi	Zhang Fei emerges victorious against Zhang He
217	Battle of Nisibis (217)	Parthian troops under Artabanus IV battle the new Roman Emperor Macrinus in Southern Turkey, ending in a draw.
217	Battle of Ruxu	Sun Quan emerges victorious against Cao Cao
218	Battle of Antioch (218)	Varius Avitus defeats Emperor Macrinus to claim the throne under the name Elagabalus.
219	Battle of Mount Dingjun	Liu Bei emerges victorious against Cao Cao
219	Battle of Han River	Liu Bei emerges victorious against Cao Cao
219	Battle of Fancheng	Cao Ren emerges victorious against Guan Yu
222	Battle of Xiaoting	Liu Bei's invasion of Wu is repulsed by Sun Quan's commander Lu Xun.
224	Battle of Hormizdegan	Sassanid forces defeat the Parthians, killing King Artabanus IV and ending Parthian rule in the Middle East.
228	Xincheng Rebellion	Sima Yi emerges victorious against Meng Da
228	Battle of Tianshui	Shu emerges victorious against Wei
228	Battle of Jieting	Part of the First Northern Expedition.
228	Battle of Shiting	Wu emerges victorious against Wei
229	Siege of Chencang	Wei emerges victorious against Shu
234	Battle of Wuzhang Plains	Part of the Fifth Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang dies.
238	Battle of Carthage	Troops loyal to the Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax defeat and kill the usurper Gordian II.
243	Battle of Resaena	Roman forces under Gordian III defeat the Persians under Shapur I. Gordian is murdered before he can exploit his victory.
244	Battle of Misiche	The Sassanids defeat Roman forces under Gordian III, who is subsequently killed.
244	Battle of Xingshi	Shu emerges victorious against Wei.
250	Battle of Philippopolis	King Cuiva of the Goths defeats a Roman army.
251	Battle of Abrittus	The Goths defeat and kill the Roman Emperor Trajan Decius.
253	Battle of Barbalissos	Sassanid forces under Shapur I defeat the Romans under Valerian, leading to their capture of Antioch.
255	Battle of Didao	Wei emerges victorious against Shu.
259	Battle of Edessa	King Shapur I of Persia defeats and captures the Roman Emperor Valerian
259	Battle of Mediolanum	Emperor Gallienus defeats the Alamanni after their invasion of northern Italy, leading to the Romans retreating behind the Rhine.
267	Battle of Thermopylae (267)	Roman forces unsuccessfully try to defend against the Heruli invasion of the Balkans.
268	Battle of Lake Benacus	The Romans under Claudius II defeat the Alamanni.
269	Battle of Naissus	Claudius II decisively defeats the Goths, earning the surname Gothicus.
271	Battle of Placentia	The Emperor Aurelian is defeated by the Alemanni forces invading Italy.
271	Battle of Fano	Aurelian defeats the Alemanni, who begin to retreat from Italy.
271	Battle of Pavia	Aurelian destroys the retreating Alemanni army.
272	Battle of Immae	Aurelian defeats the army of Zenobia of Palmyra.
272	Battle of Emesa	Aurelian decisively defeats Zenobia.
274	Battle of Châlons	Aurelian defeats the Gallic usurper Tetricus, reestablishing central control of the whole empire.
285	Battle of the Margus	The usurper Diocletian defeats the army of the Emperor Carinus, who is killed.
296	Battle of Callinicum	The Romans under the Caesar Galerius are defeated by the Persians under Narseh.
298	Battle of Satala	The Romans under the Caesar Galerius rout the Persians under Narseh.
298	Battle of Lingones	The Caesar Constantius Chlorus defeats the Alemanni.
298	Battle of Vindonissa	Constantius again defeats the Alemanni.

References

List of battles: before 301 - 301-1300 - 1301-1800 - 1801-1900 - 1901-2000 - 2001-current
See also: List of Roman battles

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