List of birds of Nunavut
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The Canadian territory of Nunavut has over 100 species of birds nearly all of which are migratory, with only the common raven, the snowy owl and the rock ptarmigan spending the winter. Most, if not all birds migrate to Nunavut for breeding purposes and tend to return to the same nesting grounds each year.
Birds may be found all through Nunavut but not all birds are to be seen throughout the territory. Thus the horned lark can be found in all areas or Nunavut, except Ellesmere Island, the sparrow is rarely found outside of the mainland and the plovers are usually found only on the east coasts of Baffin Island and Ellesmere Island.
Along with the regular birds can be found the occasional vagrant such as the barn swallow or blue jay but they are not covered here.
Traditional usage
Beside a food source the Inuit had several other ways of using birds:
- Skins from larger birds were used as towels.
- Wings may have been used to dust or sweep.
- Skins were used as make containers, slippers and if caribou were scarce parkas.
- Children, mainly boys, would often learn to hunt by throwing stones at small birds.
There are several dialects of Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun plus two alphabets, Inuktitut syllabics and Latin. The Inuit name or spelling may differ from one region to another and in extreme cases from one community to another. Thus the word bird may be: ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ or tingmiaq.
Ducks (mitiq, mitik), geese and swans
- Tundra swan (ᖁᒡᔪᒃ, qugjuq, qugyuk) Cygnus columbianus
- Bewick's swan (qugjuk) Cygnus columbianus bewickii
- Greater white-fronted goose (ᓂᕐᓕᒃ, nirlivik, niglik) Anser albifrons
- Snow goose (ᑲᖑᖅ, kanguq) Chen caerulescens
- Ross's goose (ᖄᕌᕐᔪᒃ) Chen rossii or Anser rossii
- Brant (ᓂᕐᓕᖕᓇᖅ, nirliq, nigliknak) Branta bernicla
- Canada goose (ᓂᕐᓕᖅ ᐅᓗᐊᒍᓪᓕᒃ, uluagullik) Branta canadensis
- Northern pintail (ᖁᒻᒧᐊᔫᖅ, qummnajunq (flies toward sky)) Anas acuta
- Common eider (ᒥᑎᖅ ᐊᒪᐅᓕᒡᔪᐊᖅ, mitiq, female: hurluktuq, male: amaulik) Somateria mollissima
- King eider (ᒥᑎᖅ ᕿᖔᓕᒃ, female: mitiinnaq, male: qingalik, qingalaaq (one with a nose)) Somateria spectabilis
- Harlequin duck (ᐃᕕᒐᖅ, tulajun (flies short distances and lands)) Histrionicus histrionicus
- Long-tailed duck (long-tailed duck, ᐊᒡᒋᐊᕐᔪᒃ (ᐊᒡᒋᖅ), aahanngiq, ahaanliq) Clangula hyemalis
- Red-breasted merganser (ᑲᔾᔨᖅᑑᖅ, nujaralik (looks to have hair)) Mergus serrator
Loons
- Arctic loon (black-throated loon, ᑲᒡᓗᓕᒃ, marliq, Kaglulik) Gavia arctica
- Red-throated loon (ᖃᖅᓴᐅᖅ, qaqhauq, qaqsauq) Gavia stellata
- Pacific loon (ᖃᖅᓴᐅᑦ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖏᑦ) Gavia pacifica
- Common loon (ᑑᓪᓕᒡᔪᐊᖅ, tuulligjuak) Gavia immer
- Yellow-billed loon (ᑑᓪᓕᒡᔪᐊᖅ, tuullik) Gavia adamsii
Tubenoses
- Northern fulmar (ᕐᑲᕐᑯᓪᓗᒃ, qaqulluk) Fulmarus glacialis
Birds of prey
- Rough-legged hawk (rough-legged buzzard, ᑳᔫᖅ (ᕿᓐᓄᐊᔪᐊᖅ), qirliq) Buteo lagopus
Falcons
- Peregrine falcon (ᑭᒡᒐᕕᐊᕐᔪᒃ, kilgavik) Falco peregrinus tundrius
- Gyrfalcon (ᑭᒡᒐᕕᒃ, kilgavikpak) Falco rusticolus
Grouse
- Willow ptarmigan (willow grouse, ᐊᕐᑭᒡᒋᕕᒃ, aqiligiq uvvalu, aqilgvik) Lagopus lagopus
- Rock ptarmigan (ptarmigan, ᐊᕐᑭᒡᒋᖅ ᐊᑕᔪᓕᒃ, nikhaaktuq aqiligvik, aqilgiq) Lagopus muta or mutus (Official bird of Nunavut)
Cranes
- Sandhill crane (ᑕᑎᒡᒐᕐᔪᐊᖅ, tatilgaq) Grus canadensis
Plovers
- Black-bellied plover (grey plover, ᑑᓪᓕᒐᕐᔪᒃ, quilliquliaq) Pluvialis squatarola
- American golden plover (ᖀᕐᓕᐊᔪᖅ (ᕐᑮᕐᓕᒃ), tuulligaaq, tuusiik) Pluvialis dominica
- Common ringed plover (ᖁᓪᓕᕐᑯᓕᐊᖅ (ᓕᕕᓪᓕᕕᓪᓛᖅ)) Charadrius hiaticula
- Semipalmated plover (ᖁᓪᓕᖁᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ) Charadrius semipalmatus
Typical waders
- Red-necked phalarope (ᓴᐅᕐᕌᖅ) Phalaropus lobatus
- Red phalarope (ᓴᐅᕐᕌᖅ, haavraq) Phalaropus fulicaria
- Red knot (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ, higjariaq) Calidris canutus
- Ruddy turnstone (ᑐᕝᕕᑎᑎᖅᑭᐅᖅ) Arenaria interpres
- Sanderling (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᕐᔪᒃ) Calidris alba
- Semipalmated sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ, higyariak) Calidris pusilla
- Least sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ) Calidris minutilla
- White-rumped sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᕐᔪᒃ, higjariaq) Calidris fuscicollis
- Baird's sandpiper (ᑐᐃᑐᐃᖅ, higyariak) Calidris bairdii
- Pectoral sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ) Calidris melanotos
- Purple sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᕐᔪᒃ) Calidris acuminata
- Dunlin (ᑐᐊᒡᒐᔪᖅ) Calidris alpina
- Stilt sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ, higjariaq) Calidris himantopus
- Buff-breasted sandpiper (ᓯᒡᔭᕆᐊᖅ) Tryngites subruficollis
Jaegers (skuas, ᐃᓱᙵᖅ, ihunngait, ihunngaq, isunngait)
- Pomarine jaeger (pomarine skua, ᐃᓱᙵᕐᓗᒃ, isunngarluk) Stercorarius pomarinus
- Parasitic jaeger (ᐃᓱᙵᖅ ᓂᐸᖏᐊᖅ, isunngaq nipangiaq) Stercorarius parasiticus
- Long-tailed jaeger (ᐃᓱᙵᖅ, isunngaq) Stercorarius longicaudus
Gulls (ᓇᐅᔭᖅ, naujaq)
- Herring gull (ᓇᐅᔭ ᖃᒃᓯᒃ, nauja quksik) Larus argentatus
- Iceland gull (ᓇᐅᔭᕕᒃ) Larus glaucoides
- Glaucous gull (ᓇᐅᔭᕕᒡᔪᐊᖅ, ᕐᑲᐅᒪᐅᒃ, naujaq, naujavigjuaq) Larus hyperboreus
- Thayer's gull (ᓇᐅᔭᕕᒃ, iqalgagiaq) Larus thayeri
- Ross's gull (ᓇᐅᔭ) Rhodostethia rosea
- Ivory gull (ᓇᐅᔭᕚᖅ, naujavaaq) Pagophila eburnea
- Black-legged kittiwake (ᑎᕋᑎᕌᖅ, tiratira) Rissa tridactyla
- Sabine's gull (ᐃᕐᑭᒡᒐᒋᐊᕐᔪᒃ, iqalgagiaq, iqilgagiqq, iqqiggagiarjuk) Xema sabini
Terns
- Arctic tern (ᐃᒥᖅᑯᑕᐃᓚᖅ, imitqutailaq, imiqqutailaq) Sterna paradisaea
Auks (tuulligjuak)
- Atlantic puffin (ᓯᒡᒍᑲᓪᓚᓖᑦ ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ) Fratercula arctica
- Black guillemot (ᐱᑦᑎᐅᓛᖅ (ᐱᑦᓯᐅᓛᖅ), pittiulaaq) Cepphus grylle
- Dovekie (little auk, ᐊᒃᐸᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ (ᐊᑉᐸᓕᐊᕐᔪᒃ), akpaliarjuk) Alle alle
- Razorbill (ᐊᒃᐸᐃᑦ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖏᑦ) Alca torda
- Thick-billed murre (ᐊᒃᐸ, atpa, akpa) Uria lomvia
Owls
- Snowy owl (ᐅᒃᐱᒡᔪᐊᖅ, ukpik, upik, ookpik) Bubo scandiacus
Larks
- Horned lark (ᖃᐅᕈᓪᓕᒐᖅ, qupanuaqpaarjuk) Eremophila alpestris
Pipits
- American pipit (buff-bellied pipit, ᖃᐃᕐᖔᖅ, qupanuaq) Anthus rubescens
Wheatears
- Northern wheatear (ᖁᐸᓄᐊᖅ) Oenanthe oenanthe
Crows
- Common raven (ᑐᓗᒐᖅ, tulugak, tulugaq) Corvus corax
Finches
- Common redpoll (ᓴᒃᓴᒋᐊᖅ, hakhagiaq) Acanthis flammea
- Hoary redpoll (Arctic redpoll, ᓴᒃᓴᒋᐊᖅ, hakhagiaq) Acanthis hornemanni
Longspurs and snow buntings
- Lapland longspur (ᕿᕐᓂᖅᑖᖅ, qupanuaq, nahaullik) Calcarius lapponicus
- Snow bunting (ᖃᐅᓪᓗᖅᑖᖅ, amauliqaq, amaulikkaaq, amauligijuaq (looks like it has a hood from a woman's parka)) Plectrophenax nivalis
Buntings and American sparrows
- Savannah sparrow (ᖁᐸᓄᐊᖅ) Passerculus sandwichensis
- White-crowned sparrow (ᖁᐸᓄᐊᖅ) Zonotrichia leucophrys
- Harris's sparrow (ᖁᐸᓄᐊᖅ) Zonotrichia querula
See also
Citations
Further reading
- Birds of Nunavut - Introduction by J.S. Wendt, bird descriptions by M. Wyndham (Canadian Wildlife Service) and traditional knowledge by Eva Arreak, published by the Baffin Divisional Board of Education. ISBN 1-55036-544-4 (This is not the same book as Birds of Nunavut v3.5 by Peter W. Thayer ISBN 1-887148-78-7)
- G. Ohokak, M. Kadlun & B. Harnum Inuinnaqtun-English Dictionary published by the Kitikmeot Heritage Society and based upon Kangiryuarniut Uqauhingita Numiktittidjutingit by R. Lowe
- Asuilaak Living Dictionary
External links
- Department of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, NT
- Birds of Nunavut - World Institute for Conservation and Environment