List of confederations

Historic confederations

Name	Period	Notes
Toltec Empire	496-1122	Existed as a confederation between the Toltecs and the Chichimeca, simultaneously as an empire exerting control over places like Cholula.
League of Mayapan	987-1461	A pre-Hispanic state in Yucatan
Crown of Aragon	1137-1716	An alliance of medieval kingdoms including Aragon and Catalonia.
Confederation of Madya-as	13th century-1569	A pre-Hispanic state in the Philippines
Old Swiss Confederacy	1291 – 1798
New England Confederation	1643–1684	British colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven
Aro Confederacy	1690–1902
United States of America	1781–1789	In its first steps, the United States were a confederation of thirteen states (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations) organized under the Articles of Confederation.
Confederation of the Rhine	1806–1813	It was a client state of the First French Empire
Sweden-Norway	1814–1905	Personal union between Sweden and Norway.
German Confederation	1815–1866
Argentine Confederation	1831–1861	First political organization of Argentina. Highly decentralized and without a head of state.
Peru-Bolivian Confederation	1836–1839
Confederate States of America	1861–1865	The Confederacy was established by 11 southern states: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Kentucky.
North German Confederation	1866–1871	It was a military alliance of 22 states of Germany with the Kingdom of Prussia.
Austria-Hungary	1867–1918	Personal union between the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.
Carlist States	1872–1876	Stablished by the carlists in Basque provinces and Navarre during the war.
Soviet Union	1922–1991	Originally it was a confederation between four soviet socialist republics (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). As a confederation of member states, Soviet constitutions formally defined each member republic as a sovereign state, whose membership was voluntary, and could secede at any time. Soviet constitutions of 1936-onward defined the state as a federation.
Arab Federation	1958	Ephimeral union of Jordania and Irak.
United Arab Republic	1958–1961	Union between Syria and Egypt.
United Arab States	1958–1961	Confederation between the United Arab Republic and North Yemen.
Union of African States	1958–1961	An attempt to merge Ghana, Guinea and Mali through the views of panafricanism.
Federation of Arab Republics	1972–1977	An attempt to merge Lybia, Egypt and Syria.
Arab Islamic Republic	1974	Ephimeral proposed union of Libya and Tunisia.
Senegambia	1982–1989	Including the nowadays Senegal and Gambia.
Serbia and Montenegro	2003–2006	Replacing the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Confederations

Name	Period	Notes
Iroquois Confederacy	1600–Present	a group of Native American nations in Canada and the United States
European Union	1957–Present
Commonwealth of Independent States	1991–Present	Replacing the Soviet Union