List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves

Foreign-exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) are, in a strict sense, only the foreign-currency deposits held by national central banks and monetary authorities (See List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves (excluding gold)). However, in popular usage and in the list below, it also includes gold reserves, special drawing rights (SDRs) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reserve position because this total figure, which is usually more accurately termed as official reserves or international reserves or official international reserves, is more readily available.

These foreign-currency deposits are the financial assets of the central banks and monetary authorities that are held in different reserve currencies (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the Pound sterling) and which are used to back its liabilities (e.g. the local currency issued and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank by the government or financial institutions). Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve currency. Some nations apare converting foreign-exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign-exchange reserves in size.

The list below is mostly based on the latest available IMF data and includes both sovereign states and non-sovereign territories (such as Hong Kong and Macau, which are under the sovereignty of the People's Republic of China). While most nations report in U.S. dollars, a few nations in Eastern Europe report solely in Euros. And since all the figures below are in U.S. dollar equivalence, exchange rate fluctuations can have a significant impact on these figures.

For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature; figures that include them may be higher or lower than those listed here. IMF or other outstanding loans are also not shown here; if they were accounted for, many nations would list lower.

Rank Country Foreign exchange reserves
(Millions of US$)		 Figures as of
1  China 3,200,000 March 2016[1]
2  Japan 1,248,107 Jan 2016[2]
-  Europe (Eurozone) 720,159 Jan 2016[3]
3   Switzerland 604,911 Jan 2016[4]
4  Saudi Arabia 592,658 Feb 2016[5][6][7]
5  Taiwan 425,978 Jan 2016[5][8][9]
6  Russia 386,200 Apr 15, 2016[10][11][12]
7  South Korea 365,760 Feb 2016[5][13][14]
8  India 363,121 May 6, 2016[15]
-  Hong Kong 359,900 Feb 2016[16]
9  Brazil 358,689 Mar 23, 2016[17][18]
10  Singapore 244,013 Feb 2016[5][19]
11  Germany 193,716 Feb 2016[20]
12  Mexico 178,408 Feb 2016[21][22]
13  Thailand 175,073 Apr 1, 2016[5][23][24]
14  United Kingdom 159,349 Jan 2016[25]
15  Algeria 155,700 Dec 31, 2015[5]
16  France 138,588 Jan 2016[26]
17  Italy 134,460 Jan 2016[27]
18  Iran 125,900 Dec 2015[28]
19  United States 118,609 Mar 11, 2016[29]
20  Turkey 111,357 Jan 2016[5][30][31]
21  Indonesia 104,544 Feb 2016[5][32][33]
22  Poland 99,745 Jan 2016[5][34]
23  Malaysia 95,538 Jan 31, 2016[5][35][36]
24  Israel 94,775 Mar 2016[5][37][38]
25  Iran 93,950 Dec 31, 2015[5]
26  Philippines 81,301 Feb 2016[5][39][40][41]
27  Canada 81,290 Feb 2016[42]
28  United Arab Emirates 79,920 Dec 31, 2015[5]
29  Czech Republic 73,062 Mar 2016[5][43]
-  Europe (ECB) 71,113 Jan 2016[44]
30  Denmark 63,524 Jan 2016[5][45]
30  Libya 61,630 Dec 31, 2015[5]
31  Peru 61,325 Mar 15, 2016[46][47][48]
32  Norway 60,095 Feb 2016[49][50]
33  Sweden 58,510 Jan 2016[51]
34  Iraq 57,070 Dec 31, 2015[5]
35  Spain 54,846 Jan 2016[52]
36  Lebanon 49,610 Dec 31, 2015[5]
37  Colombia 46,253 Jan 2016[5][53]
38  South Africa 45,120 Jan 2016[5][54]
39  Australia 43,726 Jan 2016[5][55]
40  Netherlands 40,909 Feb 2016[56]
41  Vietnam 39,600 Dec 31, 2015[5]
42  Chile 38,459 Jan 2016[5][57]
43  Romania 37,669 Feb 2016[5][58]
44  Qatar 36,707 Jan 2016[5][59]
45  Hungary 34,145 Jan 2016[5][60]
46  Kuwait 31,430 Dec 31, 2015[5]
47  Argentina 30,074 Jan 2016[5][61]
48  Bangladesh 28,059 Feb 2016[62][63]
49  Nigeria 27,870 Feb 10, 2016[5][64]
50  Kazakhstan 27,800 Mar 1, 2016[5][65][66]
51  Belgium 24,372 Jan 2016[67]
52  Morocco 23,516 Jan 2016[5][68]
53  Austria 22,775 Jan 2016[69]
54  Turkmenistan 22,640 Dec 31, 2015[5]
55  Bulgaria 21,368 Jan 2016[5][70]
57  Portugal 19,953 Jan 2016[71]
-  Macau, China 19,130 Feb 2016[72]
58  Angola 18,460 Dec 31, 2015[5]
59  Egypt 17,050 Dec 31, 2015[5][73]
60  New Zealand 16,778 Jan 2016[5][74]
61  Jordan 16,564 Jan 2016[5][75]
62  Oman 15,720 Dec 31, 2015[5]
63  Venezuela 15,410 Dec 31, 2015[5]
64  Uzbekistan 15,000 Dec 31, 2015[5]
65  Croatia 14,796 Jan 2016[5][76]
66  Bolivia 14,680 Dec 31, 2015[5][77]
67  Uruguay 14,638 Jan 2016[5][78]
68  Ukraine 13,538 Mar 1, 2016[5][79][80][81][82]
69  Trinidad and Tobago 11,690 Dec 31, 2015[5][83]
70  Serbia 11,680 Dec 31, 2015[5]
71  Cuba 11,600 Dec 31, 2015[5]
72  Finland 9,720 Jan 2016[5][84]
73  Myanmar 9,417 Dec 31, 2015[5]
74  North Korea 8,000 Nov 2013[85]
75  Botswana 7,990 Dec 31, 2015[5]
76  Guatemala 7,676 Jan 2016[5][86]
77  Costa Rica 7,578 Dec 31, 2015[5][87]
78  Kenya 7,356 Dec 31, 2015[5]
79  Cambodia 7,091 Dec 31, 2015[5]
80  Paraguay 7,028 Dec 31, 2015[5]
81  Tunisia 6,714 Feb 2016[5][88]
82  Afghanistan 6,681 Dec 31, 2014[5][89]
83  Sri Lanka 6,294 Jan 2016[5][90]
84  Greece 6,163 Jan 2016[91]
85    Nepal 6,034 Dec 31, 2014[5][92]
86  Dominican Republic 5,686 Jan 2016[5][93]
87  Ghana 5,617 Dec 31, 2015[5]
88  Iceland 5,557 Feb 2016[5][94]
56  Pakistan 5,334 Apr 8, 2016[95]
89  Bahrain 5,051 Dec 31, 2015[5]
90  Ivory Coast 4,882 Dec 31, 2015[5]
91  Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,625 Dec 31, 2015[5]
92  Republic of the Congo 4,407 Dec 31, 2015[5]
93  Azerbaijan 4,399 Jan 29, 2016[5][96]
94  Mauritius 4,304 Jan 2016[5][97]
95  Panama 4,182 Dec 31, 2015[5]
96  Belarus 4,111 Mar 1, 2016[98][99]
97  Tanzania 4,021 Dec 31, 2015[5]
98  Uganda 3,681 Dec 31, 2015[5]
99  Honduras 3,668 Jan 2016[5][100]
100  Brunei 3,649 2014[101]
101  Latvia 3,621 Feb 2016[102]
102  Ethiopia 3,589 Dec 31, 2015[5]
103  Ecuador 3,128 Dec 31, 2015[5]
104  El Salvador 3,044 Jan 2016[5][103]
105  Papua New Guinea 2,966 Dec 31, 2015[5]
106  Slovakia 2,879 Jan 2016[5][104]
107  Albania 2,852 Dec 31, 2015[5][105]
108  Zambia 2,716 Dec 31, 2015[5]
109  Jamaica 2,670 Jan 2016[5][106]
110  Mozambique 2,528 Dec 31, 2015[5]
111  Cameroon 2,510 Dec 31, 2015[5]
112  Macedonia 2,454 Jan 2016[5][107]
113  Nicaragua 2,441 Jan 2016[5][108]
114  Georgia 2,426 Feb 29, 2016[109][110]
115  Yemen 2,309 Dec 31, 2015[5]
116  Ireland 2,191 Jan 2016[111]
117  Senegal 2,099 Dec 31, 2015[5]
118  Equatorial Guinea 1,903 Dec 31, 2015[5]
119  Gabon 1,825 Dec 31, 2015[5]
120  Haiti 1,803 Dec 31, 2015[5]
121  Kyrgyzstan 1,794 Feb 2016[5][112][113]
122  Armenia 1,740 Jan 2016[5][114][115][116]
123  Moldova 1,717 Mar 4, 2016[117][118][119]
124  Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,443 Dec 31, 2015[5]
125  Mongolia 1,324 Jan 2016[120]
126  Niger 1,282 2014[121]
127  Lithuania 1,268 Feb 2016[122]
128  Bhutan 1,245 2014[123]
129  Namibia 1,135 Dec 31, 2015[5]
130  Chad 1,111 Dec 31, 2015[5]
131  Rwanda 1,028 Dec 31, 2015[5]
132  Kosovo 990 Sep 30, 2015[5][124]
133  Lesotho 981 Dec 31, 2015[5]
134  Laos 976 Dec 31, 2015[5][125]
135  Mauritania 969 2012[126]
136  Syria 968 Dec 31, 2015[5]
137  Madagascar 963 Dec 31, 2015[5]
138  Bahamas 950 Dec 31, 2015[5][127]
139  Slovenia 939 Feb 2016[5][128]
140  Fiji 903 Dec 31, 2015[5]
141  Mali 861 2014[129]
142  Cyprus 809 Jan 2016[5][130]
143  Benin 809 Dec 31, 2015[5][131]
144  Luxembourg 774 Jan 2016[5][132]
145  Malawi 743 Dec 31, 2015[5][133]
-  Aruba 680 2014[134]
146  Barbados 663 Dec 31, 2015[5]
147  Malta 658 Feb 2016[5][135]
148  Belize 634 Dec 31, 2015[5][136]
149  Maldives 627 2014[137]
150  Suriname 625 2014[138]
151  Guyana 614 Dec 31, 2015[5]
152  Sierra Leone 601 2014[139]
153  Montenegro 600 Dec 31, 2014[5][140]
154  Palestine 581 Dec 2015[141]
155  Swaziland 572 Dec 31, 2015[5][142]
156  Seychelles 537 Jan 2016[5][143]
157  Solomon Islands 496 2014[144]
158  Togo 494 Dec 31, 2015[5][145]
159  Liberia 493 Dec 2013[146]
160  Cape Verde 492 Dec 31, 2015[5][147]
161  Estonia 471 Feb 2016[5][148]
162  Zimbabwe 457 Dec 31, 2015[5][149]
163  Tajikistan 430 Dec 31, 2015[5]
164  Djibouti 393 2014[150]
165  San Marino 392 2014[151]
166  Burkina Faso 363 Dec 31, 2015[5]
167  Saint Kitts and Nevis 327 2014[152]
168  Burundi 316 Dec 31, 2015[5][153]
169  Timor-Leste 312 2014[154]
170  Guinea 303 Dec 31, 2015[5][155]
171  Antigua and Barbuda 297 2014[156]
172  Guinea-Bissau 287 2014[157]
173  Central African Republic 260 2014[158]
174  Saint Lucia 258 2014[159]
175  Eritrea 248 Dec 31, 2015[5]
176  Vanuatu 213 Dec 31, 2015[5][160]
177  Sudan 172 Dec 31, 2015[5][161]
178  Comoros 171 2014[162]
179  Grenada 170 2014[163]
180  Tonga 167 Dec 31, 2015[5][164]
181  Samoa 141 Dec 31, 2014[5][165]
182  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 135 Dec 31, 2015[5][166]
183  Federated States of Micronesia 114 2014[167]
184  Dominica 100 Dec 31, 2015[5][168]
185  Gambia 83 Dec 31, 2015[5][169]
186  São Tomé and Príncipe 64 Dec 31, 2015[5][170]
-  Montserrat 32 Dec 31, 2012[5]
187  Somalia 31 2015[5]

Notes

  1. ^ Hong Kong and Macau report separate figures.
  2. ^ The Iranian government does not report the foreign exchange reserves as a matter of policy and all figures are estimates calculated by international or foreign institutes, which are occasionally endorsed by Iranian officials without disclosing the exact numbers.

References

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ IMF - Japan
  3. ↑ IMF - Euro Area
  4. ↑ IMF - Switzerland
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 "The World Factbook: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold". Central Intelligence Agency.
  6. ↑ "Table(9): RESERVE ASSETS (on page 18 of the pdf file; US$1 = 3.75 Saudi riyal)" (PDF). Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency.
  7. ↑ IMF - Saudi Arabia
  8. ↑ "Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — Foreign Exchange Reserves (including gold)" (PDF).
  9. ↑ SDDS (Special Data Dissemination Standard). Access to the Republic of China's statistics
  10. ↑ IMF - Russia
  11. ↑ International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Monthly values | Bank of Russia
  12. ↑ International Reserves of the Russian Federation, Weekly values | Bank of Russia
  13. ↑ IMF - Korea, Republic of
  14. ↑ Bank of Korea - Official Foreign Reserves
  15. ↑
  16. ↑ Hong Kong Monetary Authority - Press Release
  17. ↑ IMF - Brazil
  18. ↑ BANCO CENTRAL DO BRASIL - SDDS. Special Data. Dissemination Standard
  19. ↑ Monetary Authority of Singapore ─ International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
  20. ↑ IMF - Germany
  21. ↑ IMF - Mexico
  22. ↑ Banco de Mexico - Information structure details
  23. ↑ IMF - Thailand
  24. ↑ Bank of Thailand - International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
  25. ↑ IMF - United Kingdom
  26. ↑ IMF - France
  27. ↑ IMF - Italy
  28. ↑
  29. ↑ IMF - United States
  30. ↑ IMF - Turkey
  31. ↑ TCMB. International Reserves And Foreign Currency Liquidity Table
  32. ↑ IMF - Indonesia
  33. ↑ Economic and Financial Data for Indonesia - INTERNATIONAL RESERVES AND FOREIGN CURRENCY LIQUIDITY
  34. ↑ IMF - Poland
  35. ↑ IMF - Malaysia
  36. ↑ Bank Negara Malaysia - International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity
  37. ↑ IMF - Israel
  38. ↑
  39. ↑ IMF - Philippines
  40. ↑ Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas - INTERNATIONAL RESERVES AND FOREIGN CURRENCY LIQUIDITY
  41. ↑ BSP. Online Statistical Interactive Database. External Accounts. Gross International Reserves
  42. ↑ IMF - Canada
  43. ↑ IMF - Czech Republic
  44. ↑ IMF - European Central Bank
  45. ↑ IMF - Denmark
  46. ↑ IMF- Peru
  47. ↑ Central Reserve Bank of Peru - Reserves Management Reports
  48. ↑ Central Reserve Bank of Peru - Statistics
  49. ↑ IMF - Norway
  50. ↑ International reserves and foreign currency liquidity - monthly, preliminary figures - Tables - SSB (Statistics Norway)
  51. ↑ IMF - Sweden
  52. ↑ IMF - Spain
  53. ↑ IMF - Colombia
  54. ↑ IMF - South Africa
  55. ↑ IMF - Australia
  56. ↑ IMF - Netherlands
  57. ↑ IMF - Chile
  58. ↑ IMF - Romania
  59. ↑ "Qatar Central Bank - Monthly Monetary Bulletin (in Table 11, "QCB's International Reserves", of the Excel file; US$1 = 3.64 Qatari riyal)". Qatar Central Bank.
  60. ↑ IMF - Hungary
  61. ↑ IMF - Argentina
  62. ↑ Bangladesh Bank (Central Bank of Bangladesh)
  63. ↑ The Daily Star
  64. ↑ CBN - Statistics Database
  65. ↑ IMF - Kazakhstan
  66. ↑ International Reserves and Assets of the National Oil Fund of Republic of Kazakhstan
  67. ↑ IMF - Belgium
  68. ↑ IMF - Morocco
  69. ↑ IMF - Austria
  70. ↑ IMF - Bulgaria
  71. ↑ IMF - Portugal
  72. ↑ MONETARY AUTHORITY OF MACAO
  73. ↑ IMF - Egypt
  74. ↑ IMF - New Zealand
  75. ↑ IMF - Jordan
  76. ↑ IMF - Croatia
  77. ↑ IMF - Bolivia
  78. ↑ IMF - Uruguay
  79. ↑ IMF - Ukraine
  80. ↑ Золотовалютные резервы Украины
  81. ↑ Золотовалютные резервы (ЗВР) Украины
  82. ↑ Динаміка міжнародних резервів у лютому 2016 року
  83. ↑ Foreign Reserves Monthly | Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago
  84. ↑ IMF - Finland
  85. ↑ Северная Корея распродает золотой запас
  86. ↑ IMF - Guatemala
  87. ↑ IMF - Costa Rica
  88. ↑ IMF - Tunisia
  89. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  90. ↑ IMF - Sri Lanka
  91. ↑ IMF - Greece
  92. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  93. ↑ IMF - Dominican Republic
  94. ↑ IMF - Iceland
  95. ↑ State Bank of Pakistan. Economic Data
  96. ↑ http://en.cbar.az/infoblocks/money_reserve_usd
  97. ↑ IMF - Mauritius
  98. ↑ IMF - Belarus
  99. ↑ International reserve assets of the Republic of Belarus
  100. ↑ IMF - Honduras
  101. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  102. ↑ IMF - Latvia
  103. ↑ IMF - El Salvador
  104. ↑ IMF - Slovak Republic
  105. ↑ IMF - Albania
  106. ↑ IMF - Jamaica
  107. ↑ IMF - Macedonia
  108. ↑ IMF - Nicaragua
  109. ↑ IMF - Georgia
  110. ↑ National Bank Of Georgia. Statistical Data
  111. ↑ IMF - Ireland
  112. ↑ IMF - Kyrgyz Republic
  113. ↑ Кыргыз Республикасынын Улуттук банкы. Gross international reserves
  114. ↑ IMF - Armenia, Republic of
  115. ↑ Central Bank of Armenia. Databank
  116. ↑ Central Bank of Armenia. Data template on International reserves and foreign currency liquidity
  117. ↑ IMF - Moldova
  118. ↑ Информация об изменении официальных резервных активов
  119. ↑ BNM. Official reserve assets and other foreign currency assets
  120. ↑ "Bank of Mongolia statistics"
  121. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  122. ↑ IMF - Lithuania
  123. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  124. ↑ Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo. Monthly Statistics Bulletin. December 2015, No. 127
  125. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  126. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  127. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  128. ↑ IMF - Slovenia
  129. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  130. ↑ IMF - Cyprus
  131. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  132. ↑ IMF - Luxembourg
  133. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  134. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  135. ↑ IMF - Malta
  136. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  137. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  138. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  139. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  140. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  141. ↑ IMF - Palestine
  142. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  143. ↑ IMF - Seychelles
  144. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  145. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  146. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  147. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  148. ↑ IMF - Estonia
  149. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  150. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  151. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  152. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  153. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  154. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  155. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  156. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  157. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  158. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  159. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  160. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  161. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  162. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  163. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  164. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  165. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  166. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  167. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  168. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  169. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)
  170. ↑ Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)

External links

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