List of female United States presidential and vice-presidential candidates
Hillary Clinton has won more presidential votes than any other female candidate.
The following is a list of female U.S. presidential and vice-presidential nominees and invitees. Nominees are candidates nominated or otherwise selected by political parties for particular offices. Listed as nominees or nomination candidates are those women who achieved ballot access in at least one state (or, before the institution of government-printed ballots, had ballots circulated by their parties). They each may have won the nomination of one of the US political parties (either one of the two major parties or one of the third parties), or made the ballot as an Independent, and in either case must have votes in the election to qualify for this list. Exception is made for those few candidates whose parties lost ballot status for additional runs.
Two women have won the nominations of major parties, both as vice-presidential candidates: Geraldine Ferraro for the Democratic Party in the 1984 election and Sarah Palin for the Republican Party in the 2008 election. As of now, no woman has ever won the presidential nomination of a major party, and no woman has ever become President or Vice President of the United States.[1] The only woman who was considered for a presidential candidacy by an incumbent President was Oveta Hobby by Dwight D. Eisenhower.[2]
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has been deemed the first "serious" female presidential contender in American history. After her close race against Barack Obama for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination, no woman has ever come as close to becoming the first female president than her. She is currently running for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination.[3]
Presidential candidates
By popular vote
This list includes female candidates who have run or are currently running for President of the United States and received over 30,000 votes during their run. If the nominee did not win their party's nomination (therefore not qualifying for the general election) but still received over 30,000 votes during the primaries, those votes are listed instead of general election votes.
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All candidates
Party nominees
Not nominated by party
Candidates who failed to receive their parties' nomination (or who are currently campaigning for their party's nomination).
| Year | Name | Party | Details | Nomination winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1884 | Abigail Scott Duniway | Equal Rights Party | Rejected nomination. | Belva Ann Lockwood |
| 1920 | Laura Clay | Democratic Party | James M. Cox | |
| Cora Wilson Stewart | ||||
| 1924 | Cora Wilson Stewart | Democratic Party | 1 vote on 1st and 15th ballots | John W. Davis |
| 1940 | Anna Milburn[34] | National Greenback Party | Declined nomination | John Zahnd |
| 1964 | Margaret Chase Smith[35] | Republican Party | Received 227,007 votes in Republican Primary and won 27 delegates at the 1964 Republican Convention | Barry Goldwater |
| Fay T. Carpenter Swain | Democratic Party | 7,140 votes in Indiana primary[36] | Lyndon B. Johnson | |
| 1972 | Shirley Chisholm[35] | Democratic Party | 152 votes at National convention | George McGovern |
| Patsy Takamoto Mink[35] | ||||
| Bella Savitzky Abzug[35] | ||||
| 1976 | Barbara Jordan | Democratic Party | 1 vote at National convention | Jimmy Carter |
| Ellen McCormack[35] | 22 votes at National convention | |||
| 1980 | Koryne Kaneski Horbal | Democratic Party | 5 votes at National convention | Jimmy Carter |
| Alice Tripp | 2 votes at National convention | |||
| 1984 | Martha Kirkland | Democratic Party | 1 vote at National convention | Walter Mondale |
| 1988 | Patricia Schroeder | Democratic Party | Michael Dukakis | |
| 1992 | Tennie Rogers | Republican Party | 754 votes in Texas primary[37] | George H.W. Bush |
| Georgiana Doerschuck | 58 votes in New Hampshire primary[38] | |||
| Caroline Killeen | Democratic Party | 96 votes in New Hampshire primary[39] | Bill Clinton | |
| 1996 | Elvena E. Lloyd-Duffie | Democratic Party | 13,025 votes in Arkansas primary;[40] 10,876 votes (6th place) in Texas primary;[37] 40,758 in Oklahoma primary (3rd place);[41] 11,620 votes (3rd place) in Louisiana primary;[42] 15,650 votes (2nd place) in Illinois primary[42] | Bill Clinton |
| Dr. Heather Anne Harder | 28,772 votes (3rd place) in Texas primary;[37] 376 votes in New Hampshire primary[43] and two write-in votes as a Republican; 6 votes in Illinois primary[40] | |||
| Caroline Killeen | 118 votes in New Hampshire primary[39] | |||
| Susan Gail Ducey | Republican Party | 539 votes in (9th place) at Arizona primary;[40] 152 votes (12th place) at New Hampshire primary;[44] 1,092 votes (8th place) at Texas primary[37] | Bob Dole | |
| Isabell Masters | 1052 votes (7th place) at Oklahoma primary[45] | |||
| Mary "France" LeTulle | 650 votes (9th place) at Texas primary;[37] 290 votes in Nevada primary[42] | |||
| Georgiana Doerschuck | 140 votes in New Hampshire primary[38] | |||
| Tennie Rogers | 35 votes at Mississippi primary; 12 votes inNew Hampshire primary[40] | |||
| 2000 | Dr. Heather Anne Harder | Democratic Party | 1,358 votes in AZ primary; 192 votes (8th place) in New Hampshire primary, 1 Republican write-in vote [46][47] | Al Gore |
| Elizabeth Dole | Republican Party | 231 write-in votes in NH primary[46] | George W. Bush | |
| Dorian Yeager | 98 votes (10th place) in New Hampshire primary[48] | |||
| Angel Joy Chavis Rocker[49] | 6 votes in Alabama straw poll [50] | |||
| 2004 | Lorna Salzman | Green Party | 40 votes at National convention (5th place) | David Cobb |
| JoAnne Bier Beeman | 14 votes at National convention | |||
| Carol A. Miller | 10 votes at National convention | |||
| Sheila Bilyeu | 2 votes at National convention | |||
| Florence Walker | Democratic Party | 246 votes (6th place) in Washington, D.C. primary[51] | John Kerry | |
| Katherine Bateman | 68 votes (14th place) in New Hampshire primary[51] | |||
| Jeanne Chebib | 43 votes (12th place) in the Washington, D.C. primary[51] | |||
| Caroline Killeen | 31 votes (19th place) in New Hampshire primary[51] | |||
| Mildred T. Glover | 11 votes (22nd place) in New Hampshire primary; 4,039 votes (8th place) in Maryland primary[51] | |||
| Carol Moseley Braun | Withdrew in January 2004; 103,189 votes[11] | |||
| Millie Howard | Republican Party | 239 votes (13th place) in New Hampshire primary | George W. Bush | |
| 2008 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | Reached second place in the Democratic Party primaries, winning 1,726½ Delegate votes and more primaries than any other woman in history, with 21 states won and more than 18 million votes, the race between Clinton and Obama was among the closest in history with her winning 48.03% of the popular vote to his 47.43% between caucus and primary states. | Barack Obama |
| Caroline Killeen | 11 votes in New Hampshire primary | |||
| Mary Ruwart | Libertarian Party | 152 votes at National Convention (2nd place; reached 1st place on 5th ballot before being defeated on 6th ballot) | Bob Barr | |
| Christine Smith | 6 votes at National Convention (8th place) | |||
| Kat Swift | Green Party | 38 votes at National Convention (3rd place) | Cynthia McKinney | |
| Elaine Brown | Withdrew in December 2007; 9 pledged delegates (6th place) | |||
| Nan Garrett | Withdrew in February 2007[52] | |||
| Susan Gail Ducey | Republican Party | 2 votes (3-way tie for 8th place) in Tulsa, Oklahoma straw poll | John McCain | |
| 2012 | Roseanne Barr | Green Party | 72 votes at National Convention (2nd place) | Jill Stein |
| Michele Bachmann | Republican Party | Withdrew in January 2012. | Mitt Romney | |
| 2016 | Hillary Clinton | Democratic Party | Announced candidacy on April 12, 2015. | |
| Carly Fiorina | Republican Party | Withdrew in February 2016 with 1 pledged delegate in Iowa (10th place with 35,287 votes)[53][54] | ||
| Year | Name | Party | Details | Nomination winner |
Vice-Presidential candidates
By popular vote
This list includes female candidates who have run or are currently running for Vice President of the United States and received over 100,000 votes. Note that the vote for vice president is not separate in the United States and is tied together with whoever their running mate is.[55]
| # | Year | Picture | Name | Party | Running Mate | Votes | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2008 |  | Sarah Palin | Republican Party | John McCain | 59,948,323 | Joe Biden |
| 2 | 1984 |  | Geraldine Ferraro | Democratic Party | Walter Mondale | 37,577,352 | George H. W. Bush |
| 3 | 2000 |  | Winona LaDuke | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 2,883,105 | Dick Cheney |
| 4 | 1996 | | Winona LaDuke | Green Party | Ralph Nader | 596,780 | Al Gore |
| 5 | 1996 |  | Harry Browne | Libertarian Party | Ralph Nader | 485,798 | Al Gore |
| 6 | 2012 |  | Cheri Honkala | Green Party | Jill Stein | 469,628 | Joe Biden |
| 7 | 2000 | | Ezola Foster | Reform Party | Pat Buchanan | 449,225 | Dick Cheney |
| 8 | 1992 | | Nancy Lord | Libertarian Party | Andre Marrou | 290,087 | Al Gore |
| 9 | 1980 |  | La Donna Harris | Citizens Party | Barry Commoner | 233,052 | George H. W. Bush |
| 10 | 1988 | | Joyce Dattner | New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 217,219 | Dan Quayle |
| 11 | 2008 |  | Rosa Clemente | Green Party | Cynthia McKinney | 161,797 | Joe Biden |
| 12 | 1952 | %2C_ca._1901-1910_(scl-mss064-0451~1)_retouched.jpg) | Charlotta Bass | Progressive Party | Vincent Hallinan | 140,023 | Richard Nixon |
| 13 | 2004 | | Pat LaMarche | Green Party | David Cobb | 119,859 | Dick Cheney |
All candidates
Party nominees
Not nominated by party
See also
- List of fictional United States Presidents
- List of women heads of state
- Category:Female heads of government
- Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (sometimes nicknamed "the first female president of the United States.")
Notes
- ↑ Clinton re-elected New York Senator
- ↑ Smith, Jean Edward, Eisenhower in War and Peace (N.Y.: Random House, 1st ed. 2012 (ISBN 978-1-4000-6693-3)), p. 756.
- ↑ Hillary’s Woman Problem
- ↑ Democratic Convention 2008
- ↑ Democratic Convention 2016
- ↑ 2012 Presidential Election Results (Updated)
- ↑ African Americans and the Presidency: The Road to the White House
- ↑ Broad Influence: How Women Are Changing the Way Washington Works
- ↑ Statistical Abstract of the United States
- ↑ "2008 presidential vote" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 7, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- 1 2 2004 Presidential Democratic Primary Election Results
- ↑ Women Who Ran for President
- ↑ In 1972 in Arizona, Pima and Yavapai counties had a ballot malfunction that counted many votes for both a major party candidate and Linda Jenness of the Socialist Workers Party. A court ordered that the ballots be counted for both. As a consequence, Jenness received 16% and 8% of the vote in Pima and Yavapai, respectively. 30,579 of her 30,945 Arizona votes are from those two counties. Some sources don't count these votes for Jenness.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections
- ↑ 1984 Sonia Johnson
- ↑ Sieczkowski, Cavan. Roseanne Barr Places 6th in Presidential Election. Huffington Post. 2012-11-07. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
- ↑ Student's Guide to Elections
- ↑ Comediennes: Laugh Be a Lady
- ↑ Republican Convention 2016
- ↑ Ellen McCormack Biography
- ↑ Victoria Woodhull's votes don't appear to have been counted. See, e.g. Victoria Woodhull, the Spirit to Run the White House for more information.
- 1 2 Belva Ann Lockwood’s 1884 running mate’s name is variously given as Marietta Stow, Marietta L. B. Stow, Marietta Lizzie Bell Stow, Marietta Snow, Marietta Snowman, and Harriet Stow.
- ↑
- ↑ Lockwood first ran with Love, but when he dropped out of the race, she ended up choosing Wells as the final candidate.
- ↑ Belva Ann Lockwood won an unspecified number of votes in 1888 that was fewer than her 1884 total of 4,149. See Belva Ann Lockwood: For Peace, Justice, and President By Frances A. Cook
- ↑ The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1952, page 583.
- ↑ In 1972 in Arizona, Pima and Yavapai counties had a ballot malfunction that counted many votes for both a major party candidate and Linda Jenness of the Socialist Workers Party. A court ordered that the ballots be counted for both. As a consequence, Jenness received 16% and 8% of the vote in Pima and Yavapai, respectively. 30,579 of her 30,945 Arizona votes are from those two counties. Some sources don't count these votes for Jenness.
- ↑ Naomi Cohen appeared on the ballot in Ohio in place of Deirdre Griswold's running mate Gavrielle Holmes
- ↑ http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/829/157/226559/
- ↑ Gavrielle Holmes was an alternate candidate for Larry Holmes.
- 1 2 Milton Vera was an alternate candidate for Gloria La Riva in some states, including Iowa and Ohio.
- ↑ The vote total is for the Gavrielle Holmes ticket only.
- ↑ Robert Moses was on the ballot in some states.
- ↑ Facts about the States By Joseph Nathan Kane
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Female presidential candidates 1870-1990", Guide To Women Leaders. Retrieved 1/11/08.
- ↑ MARK BENNETT: The Indiana Primary carries a interesting background into this » Mark Bennett Opinion » News From Terre Haute, Indiana. Tribstar.com. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Texas Vote in Presidential Elections, Primaries: 1848–2004
- 1 2 New Hampshire Almanac< - First-in-the-Nation Fringe Candidates. NH.gov. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- 1 2 New Hampshire Almanac< - First-in-the-Nation Fringe Candidates. NH.gov. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- 1 2 3 4 1996 Presidential primary election results
- ↑ 2008 presidential primaries. Tulsa World (2008-01-07). Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- 1 2 3 Ballot Access News - April 3, 1996. Ballot-access.org. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- ↑ New Hampshire Almanac< - First-in-the-Nation Fringe Candidates. NH.gov. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- ↑ 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates (P2008). Politics1. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- ↑ Archived July 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- 1 2 Federal Elections 2000: Presidential Primary Election Results by State. Fec.gov. Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- ↑ Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "White House bid wants serious attention", St. Petersburg Times, March 24, 1999. Accessed 07/08/08.
- ↑
- 1 2 3 4 5 Archived May 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Nan Garrett for President, 2008. Nangarrett.org (2007-02-05). Retrieved on 2010-10-26.
- ↑ Carly Fiorina ends presidential bid
- ↑ Republican Convention
- ↑ Let's Go Back to a Separate Vice President Vote
- ↑ Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd was Cleaver's running mate in some states, and Jerry Rubin had also been nominated. http://www.peaceandfreedom.org/home/index.php/about-us/historical-information/presidential-candidates
- ↑ Wretha Hanson appeared on a ballot line in Ohio in place of Barry Commoner's official running mate La Donna Harris.
- ↑ The vote total is for the Commoner-Hanson ticket in Ohio only."General Election, November 4, 1980" Ohio Secretary of State
- ↑ Richard H. Congress or Clifton DeBerry were the Socialist Workers Party's Presidential candidate in some states, but Zimmerman was on all three tickets as the Vice-Presidential candidate.
- ↑ The vote total is for the Griswold-Cohen ticket in Ohio only."General Election, November 4, 1980" Ohio Secretary of State
- ↑ Matilde Zimmerman was an alternate candidate for Andrea Gonzales in some states, including Ohio.
- ↑ Edward Bergonzi was an alternate candidate for Helen Halyard in some states, including Ohio.
- ↑
- ↑ Excludes votes for Nader in Iowa, New York, and Vermont.
- ↑ Muriel Tillinghast appeared on a ballot line in New York in place of Ralph Nader's official running mate Winona LaDuke.
- ↑ Vote total for the Nader-Tillinghast ticket for New York only.
- ↑ Anne Goeke appeared on a ballot line in Iowa and Vermont in place of Ralph Nader's official running mate Winona LaDuke.
- ↑ Vote total for the Nader-Goeke ticket in Iowa and Vermont only.
- ↑ Margaret Trowe was an alternate for Arrin Hawkins
- ↑ Karen Sanchirico appeared on a ballot line in Montana in place of Ralph Nader's official running mate Peter Camejo.
- ↑ The vote total is for the Nader-Sanchirico ticket in Montana only.
- ↑
- ↑ Rubacky was McEnulty's running mate in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Maine, though the party had no ballot access in any state except Colorado. McEnulty had nine other running mates.
- ↑ "Proceedings of the National Liberty Convention, held at Buffalo, N.Y.". Retrieved June 13, 2008.
External links
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