List of heads of state of Pakistan

Pakistan

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This is a list of the heads of state of Pakistan, from the foundation of Pakistan in 1947 to the present day.

From 1947 to 1956 the head of state under the Indian Independence Act 1947 was the monarch, who was the same person as the monarch of the United Kingdom and of the other Dominions of the Commonwealth of Nations. The monarch was represented in Pakistan by the Governor-General. Pakistan became a republic under the Constitution of 1956 and the monarch and Governor-General were replaced by a ceremonial President.

Monarch (1947–1956)

The succession to the throne of Pakistan was the same as the succession to the throne of the United Kingdom, governed by the Act of Settlement 1701.

Monarch			Reign			Royal House	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Royal House	Prime Minister(s)
1		King George VI (1895–1952)	15 August 1947	6 February 1952	4 years, 175 days	House of Windsor	Ali Khan Nazimuddin
2		Queen Elizabeth II (1926–)	6 February 1952	23 March 1956	4 years, 46 days	House of Windsor	Nazimuddin Bogra Ali

Governors-General

The Governor-General was the representative of the monarch in Pakistan and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the monarch. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931, the Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of Pakistan without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

Status

Denotes Chief Justice acting as Officer Administering the Government

Governor-General			Term of office			Monarch(s)	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration	Monarch(s)	Prime Minister(s)
1		Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)	15 August 1947	11 September 1948 (Died in Office)	1 year, 27 days	George VI	Liaquat Ali Khan
2		Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin (1894–1964)	11 September 1948	17 October 1951	3 years, 33 days	George VI
3		Malik Ghulam Muhammad (1895–1956)	17 October 1951	7 August 1955	3 years, 294 days	George VI Elizabeth II
4		Major-General Iskander Mirza (1899–1969)	7 August 1955	23 March 1956	229 days	Elizabeth II

First Republic (1956–1958)

Under the 1956 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of Pakistan, the President replaced the monarch as ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Speaker of the National Assembly served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Speaker of the National Assembly acting as President

President			Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Prime Minister(s)
1		Major-General Iskander Mirza (1899–1969)	23 March 1956	27 October 1958 (Deposed)	2 years, 218 days	Republican Party

Military rule (1958–1971)

General Ayub Khan led a coup d'état which overthrown the President Mirza and his government. In 1962 there was a new Constitution which the President was given executive powers. The President was elected by the public for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Speaker of the National Assembly served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Speaker of the National Assembly acting as President

Head of State			Term of Office			Military
#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Duration	Military
		Field Marshal Ayub Khan (1907–1974)	27 October 1958	8 June 1962	10 years, 149 days	Military
2			27 October 1958	8 June 1962		Military
			8 June 1962	25 March 1969 (Resigned)		Pakistan Muslim League (C)
3		General Yahya Khan (1907–1974)	23 March 1969	20 December 1971 (Resigned)	2 years, 272 days	Military

Second Republic (1971–1977)

Military rule ended in Pakistan in 1971 after the 1971 War and the rules of the President was the same as the 1962 Constitution. Under the 1973 Constitution, the third and current constitution of the Republic of Pakistan, the President is the ceremonial head of state. The President was elected by Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Chairman of the Senate served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Chairman of the Senate acting as President

President			Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Prime Minister(s)
4		Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928–1979)	20 December 1971	13 August 1977 (Resigned)	6 year, 236 days	Pakistan Peoples Party
5		Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (1904–1982)	14 August 1973	16 September 1978 (Resigned)	5 years, 33 days	Pakistan Peoples Party

Military rule (1978–1988)

General Zia led a coup d'état which overthrown the Prime Minister Bhutto and his government. In 1978 Haq was given the presidency. In the event of a vacancy the Chairman of the Senate served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Chairman of the Senate acting as President

Head of State			Term of Office			Military
#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Duration	Military
6		General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (1924–1988)	16 September 1978	17 August 1988 (Died in Office)	9 years, 336 days	Military

Third Republic (1988–2001)

Military rule ended in Pakistan in 1988 after the Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and the civilian government was restored. There was two periods of Semi-presidential rule, 1988–1993 and 1999–2007 and Parliamentary republic rule 1993–1997. In 1999 a coup d'état deposed Nawaz Sharif and his government, but the President was still in power until 2001. The President was elected by Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Chairman of the Senate served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Chairman of the Senate acting as President

President			Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Prime Minister(s)
7		Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1915–2006)	17 August 1988	13 December 1988	4 years, 335 days	Independent
7		Ghulam Ishaq Khan (1915–2006)	13 December 1988	18 July 1993 (Resigned)	4 years, 335 days	Independent
		Wasim Sajjad (1941–)	18 July 1993	14 November 1993	119 days	Pakistan Muslim League (N)
8		Farooq Leghari (1940–2010)	14 November 1993	2 December 1997 (Resigned)	4 years, 18 days	Pakistan Muslim League (N)
		Wasim Sajjad (1941–)	2 December 1997	1 January 1998	30 days	Pakistan Muslim League (N)
9		Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (1929–)	1 January 1998	20 June 2001 (Resigned)	3 years, 170 days	Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Military rule (2001–2008)

General Pervez Musharraf led a coup d'état which overthrew Prime Minister Sharif and his government. In 2001 Haq was given the presidency. In the event of a vacancy the Chairman of the Senate served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Chairman of the Senate acting as President

Head of State			Term of Office			Military
#	Portrait	Name	Took Office	Left Office	Duration	Military
		General Pervez Musharraf (1943–)	20 June 2001	6 October 2007	6 years, 296 days	Military
10			20 June 2001	6 October 2007		Military
			6 October 2007	8 August 2008 (Resigned)		Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Fourth Republic

Military rule ended in Pakistan in 2008 after the resignation Pervez Musharraf and the civilian government was restored. The President was elected by Electoral College for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Chairman of the Senate served as Acting President.

Status

Denotes Chairman of the Senate acting as President

President			Term of office			Political party	Prime Minister(s)
#	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Prime Minister(s)
		Muhammad Mian Soomro (1950–)	18 August 2008	9 September 2008	22 days	Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
11		Asif Ali Zardari (1955–)	9 September 2008	8 September 2013	4 years, 364 days	Pakistan Peoples Party
12		Mamnoon Hussain (1940–)	9 September 2013	Incumbent	7007773712000000000♠2 years, 165 days (as of 21 February 2016)	Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Living former heads of state

Name	Term/Reign	Office	Date of birth
Elizabeth II	1952–1956	Queen of Pakistan	21 April 1926
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar	1998–2001	President of Pakistan	2 November 1929
Pervez Musharraf	2001–2008	President of Pakistan	11 August 1943
Asif Ali Zardari	2008–2013	President of Pakistan	26 July 1955
Wasim Sajjad	1993 1997–1998	Acting President	30 March 1941
Muhammad Mian Soomro	2008	Acting President	19 August 1950

External links

Heads of State of Pakistan

Monarch (1947–1956)	George VI Elizabeth II

President (from 1956)	Mirza A. Khan§ Y. Khan§ Bhutto Chaudhry Zia§ G. Khan Sajjad* Leghari Sajjad* Tarar Musharraf§ Soomro* Zardari Hussain

§Head of the military regime *Acting President

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