List of metafictional works
Metafiction is a form of fiction in which the text – either directly or through the characters within – is 'aware' that it is a form of fiction.
This is a partial list of works using various metafictional ideas.
Novels, novellas and short stories
Pre-20th century works
- Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
- Ludovico Ariosto, "Orlando Furioso"
- Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey
- Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote
- Henry Fielding, "The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling"
- James Hogg, The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner
Modern works
- Peter Ackroyd, English Music
- Gabriel Garcia Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude
- Richard Adams, The Plague Dogs
- Rabih Alameddine, I, the Divine
- Felipe Alfau, Locos: A Comedy of Gestures
- Martin Amis, Money, London Fields, Time's Arrow, The Information
- Isaac Asimov, Murder at the ABA
- Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale
- Paul Auster, The New York Trilogy: City of Glass (1985), Ghosts (1986) and The Locked Room (1986)
- Nicholson Baker, The Mezzanine
- John Barnes, One for the Morning Glory
- Julian Barnes, Flaubert's Parrot
- John Barth, Chimera, Coming Soon!!!, The Floating Opera, The Sot-Weed Factor, Lost in the Funhouse among others
- Peter S. Beagle, The Last Unicorn
- Samuel Beckett, Watt
- Thomas Bernhard, Wittgenstein's Nephew
- Jorge Luis Borges, "The Garden of Forking Paths", "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" among others
- William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch
- Michel Butor, Second Thoughts
- Steven Brust and collaborators, the Paarfi books, especially Five Hundred Years After
- A. S. Byatt, Possession: A Romance
- James Branch Cabell, The Cream of the Jest
- Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Tres tristes tigres
- Italo Calvino, If on a winter's night a traveler
- Peter Carey, Illywhacker
- Jonathon Carroll, The Land of Laughs
- J. M. Coetzee, Slow Man
- Douglas Cooper, Amnesia, Delirium
- Julio Cortázar, Hopscotch
- Douglas Coupland, jPod
- John Crowley, Little, Big, "Novelty", Lord Byron's Novel: The Evening Land, The Solitudes (first book of the Ægypt cycle)
- Mark Z. Danielewski, House of Leaves
- Peter David, Young Justice, Sir Apropos of Nothing
- Lydia Davis, The End of the Story
- Samuel R. Delany, The Einstein Intersection, Dhalgren, Return to Nevèrÿon (series)
- Philip K. Dick, VALIS, The Man in the High Castle
- Joan Didion, Democracy
- Umberto Eco, Foucault's Pendulum, The Island of the Day Before, The Name of the Rose
- Dave Eggers, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
- Bret Easton Ellis, Lunar Park
- Harlan Ellison, "The Deathbird"
- Michael Ende, The Neverending Story
- Steve Erickson, Arc d'X, The Sea Came in at Midnight
- Steven Erikson, Dust of Dreams, Crack'd Pot Trail
- Raymond Federman, Twofold Vibration, Smiles on Washington Square, Take It Or Leave It
- Jasper Fforde, The Eyre Affair, Lost in a Good Book, The Well of Lost Plots, Something Rotten, The Big Over Easy, The Fourth Bear
- John Fowles, The French Lieutenant's Woman
- Jonathan Safran Foer, Everything Is Illuminated
- Ford Madox Ford, The Good Soldier
- Jostein Gaarder, Sophie's World
- John Gardner, October Light, Grendel
- William H. Gass, The Tunnel
- André Gide, The Counterfeiters
- William Goldman, The Princess Bride
- Alasdair Gray, Lanark
- Robert Grudin, Book: A Novel
- Mark Haddon, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime
- Steven Hall, The Raw Shark Texts
- Larry Heinemann, Paco's Story
- Robert A. Heinlein, The Number of the Beast and Glory Road, at least.
- Douglas Hofstadter, dialogues in Gödel, Escher, Bach
- Marek S. Huberath, Nest of Worlds (Gniazdo światów)
- Rhys Hughes, Nowhere Near Milk Wood, The Postmodern Mariner, The Less Lonely Planet
- B S Johnson, Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry
- Stephen King, The Dark Tower, Misery, The Dark Half, Bag of Bones
- Michael Muhammad Knight, Osama Van Halen
- Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting
- Doris Lessing, The Golden Notebook
- Penelope Lively, Moon Tiger
- David Lodge, Therapy, Nice Work
- Ki Longfellow, Houdini Heart
- Dimitris Lyacos, With the people from the bridge
- Steve Lyons, Doctor Who Virgin New Adventures:Conundrum
- Barry N. Malzberg, Galaxies, Herovit's World
- Yann Martell, Life of Pi
- Carole Maso, The Art Lover
- Ian McEwan, Atonement
- David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas
- Spike Milligan, Puckoon
- Walter Moers, The 13½ Lives of Captain Bluebear, Ensel und Kretel, The City of Dreaming Books
- Michael Moorcock, The Second Ether sequence (Blood, Fabulous Harbours & The War Amongst The Angels)
- Ethan Mordden, The Buddies Cycle
- Toni Morrison, Jazz
- Haruki Murakami, Kafka on the Shore
- Vladimir Nabokov, The Gift, Pale Fire, Look at the Harlequins!
- Flann O'Brien, At Swim-Two-Birds
- Michael Ondaatje, Running in the Family
- Juan Carlos Onetti, El Pozo
- Chuck Palahniuk, Fight Club, Diary, Haunted
- Kenneth Patchen, The Journal of Albion Moonlight
- Milorad Pavić's novels.
- John Pearson, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007
- Arturo Pérez-Reverte, The Club Dumas
- Salvador Plascencia, The People of Paper
- Terry Pratchett, several of the Discworld, The Amazing Maurice and His Educated Rodents
- Robert Rankin's novels
- Alain Robbe-Grillet, La Jalousie, La maison de rendez-vous
- Philip Roth, Operation Shylock
- Salman Rushdie, Haroun and the Sea of Stories, Midnight's Children, Shalimar the Clown
- Douglas Rushkoff, Exit Strategy
- José Carlos Somoza, The Athenian Murders
- José Saramago, Blindness, The Cave, The Double
- Robert Sheckley, Options
- Iain Sinclair, Landor's Tower
- Dan Sleigh, Islands
- Gilbert Sorrentino, Mulligan Stew
- Peter Straub, In the Night Room
- Jonathan Stroud, The Bartimaeus Trilogy
- Janet Tashjian, The Gospel According to Larry and Vote for Larry
- J. R. R. Tolkien, Leaf by Niggle
- Roderick Townley, The Great Good Thing
- Miguel de Unamuno, Niebla
- Aritha Van Herk, Restlessness
- Jeff Vandermeer, City of Saints and Madmen
- Gore Vidal, Myra Breckinridge
- Kurt Vonnegut, Breakfast of Champions, Slaughterhouse-Five among others
- David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest, Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, The Broom of the System
- H. G. Wells, Tono-Bungay
- Colin Wilson, The Personality Surgeon
- Robert Anton Wilson and Robert Shea, the Illuminatus! trilogy
- Jeanette Winterson, Sexing the Cherry, The Powerbook, Gut Symmetries
- Gene Wolfe, The Fifth Head of Cerberus, The Book of the New Sun "The Last Thrilling Wonder Story" among others
- Virginia Woolf, Orlando: A Biography
- Ronald Wright, A Scientific Romance
- Grace Paley, A Conversation with my Father
Children's books and young adult fiction
- Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson - Kobåj-Kurt (within the Bert Diaries)[1]
- Michael Ende, The Neverending Story
- Cornelia Funke, Inkheart trilogy
- Mordicai Gerstein, A Book
- Diana Wynne Jones, Fire and Hemlock
- Lemony Snicket (Daniel Handler), A Series of Unfortunate Events (13 book series)
- Mo Willems, We Are in a Book! (Elephant and Piggie series)
Animated short films
- Chuck Jones, Duck Amuck (1953) and Rabbit Rampage (1955).
Stage plays
Pre-20th century works
- Francis Beaumont, The Knight of the Burning Pestle
- Thomas Kyd, The Spanish Tragedy
- Manuel Tamayo y Baus, Un drama nuevo
- William Shakespeare, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night's Dream
Modern works
- Samuel Beckett, Waiting for Godot, Endgame, etc.
- Federico García Lorca, Play Without a Title / Untitled Play (1935)
- Joseph Heller, We Bombed in New Haven
- Arthur L. Kopit, End of the World With Symposium to Follow
- Ira Levin, Deathtrap
- Daniel MacIvor, Never Swim Alone and This Is A Play
- Steve Martin, Picasso at the Lapin Agile
- Luigi Pirandello, Six Characters in Search of an Author
- Tom Stoppard, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
- Peter Weiss, Marat/Sade (The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat As Performed by the Inmates of the Asylum of Charenton Under the Direction of The Marquis de Sade)
- Thornton Wilder, The Skin of Our Teeth
- Doug Wright, I Am My Own Wife
- Noel Fielding and Julian Barratt, The Mighty Boosh (1998 stage show)
Musicals
Films
- Keith Allen and Peter Richardson's Comic Strip film Detectives on the Edge of a Nervous Breakdown
- Woody Allen's The Purple Rose of Cairo and Midnight in Paris
- Robert Altman's The Player
- Steve Bendelack's The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse
- Ingmar Bergman's Persona, The Magician and Prison
- Wyllis Cooper's Quiet, Please scripts
- Ricardo Costa's Drifts
- David Cronenberg's Videodrome, Naked Lunch and eXistenZ
- Federico Fellini's 8½
- David Fincher's Fight Club
- Marc Forster's Stranger Than Fiction
- Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless, and many of his other films of the 1960s
- Peter Greenaway's The Baby of Mâcon
- Kirt Gunn's Lovely By Surprise
- Michael Haneke's Funny Games
- Charlie Kaufman's screenplay for Adaptation
- Buster Keaton's Sherlock Jr.
- David Lynch's Inland Empire
- John McTiernan's Last Action Hero
- Roman Polanski's What?
- Robert Pulcini and Shari Springer Berman's American Splendor
- Tom Tykwer's Run Lola Run
- Michael Winterbottom's A Cock and Bull Story, a film adaptation of Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy
- Tom DiCillo's Living In Oblivion
- Andrew Niccol's The Truman Show
- Michael Bacall and Jonah Hill's 22 Jump Street
- Mel Brooks's Spaceballs
- Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's Epic Movie
- Edgar Wright and Simon Pegg's Hot Fuzz
- David Wain and Michael Showalter's They Came Together
- Fabian Nicieza and Rob Liefeld's Deadpool
- Mike Myers and Michael McCullers's Austin Powers
- Wes Craven's Scream
- Shawn Wayans, Marlon Wayans, Buddy Johnson, Phil Beauman and Jason Friedberg, Aaron Seltzer and Wes Craven's Scary Movie
- Joss Whedon and Drew Goddard's The Cabin in the Woods
- Jim Henson's Muppets franchise (The Muppet Movie, The Great Muppet Caper, The Muppets Take Manhattan, The Muppet Christmas Carol, Muppet Treasure Island, Muppets from Space, The Muppets, & Muppets Most Wanted)
Television shows
- Entourage
- The Big O
- Buffy the Vampire Slayer
- Arrested Development
- Drawn Together
- It's Garry Shandling's Show
- Princess Tutu
- Sean's Show
- The Simpsons
- South Park
- Boston Legal
- Red Dwarf: Back to Earth
- Supernatural, in the episodes "Hollywood Babylon", "The Monster at the End of this Book", "Lucifer Rising", "The Real Ghostbusters", "Swan Song", "The French Mistake" and "Fan Fiction"
- 30 Rock
- Community
- Family Guy
- How I Met Your Mother
- Moonlighting
- American Dad!
- The Cleveland Show
- The Basil Brush Show
- The Muppet Show
- Doctor Who, in the episodes "The Mind Robber", "Blink", "Remembrance of the Daleks". "The Day of the Doctor", "Listen" and "Last Christmas"
- Ultimate Spider-Man
- Batman: The Brave and the Bold
- Scrubs
- Robot Chicken
- Ed, Edd n Eddy
- The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
- Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide
- The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
- Chowder
- The Mighty Boosh
- Noel Fielding's Luxury Comedy
- Phineas and Ferb
- The Powerpuff Girls
- The Muppets
- Murder, She Wrote
Comic strips, comic books and graphic novels
- Andrew Hussie's Homestuck is extremely metafictional.
- Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons's Watchmen.
- Berke Breathed, Bloom County.
- Rich Burlew, The Order of the Stick.
- John Byrne's run on The Sensational She-Hulk and Dan Slott's run on She-Hulk.
- Mike Carey, The Unwritten, featuring characters coming from, and journeying into, fictional worlds.
- Alan Moore, Promethea, Supreme and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
- Grant Morrison's runs on Animal Man and Doom Patrol, Flex Mentallo, The Filth, and more recently, Batman R.I.P. and Final Crisis. Elements of metafiction can be found in a great deal of Morrison's comics work. Metafictional aspects are especially prominent in The Invisibles, a series Morrison has described as a hypersigil designed to effect positive change in the reader's (and writer's) life.
- Claudio Sanchez, Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Vol. 1, first half of the fourth chapter of The Amory Wars presents a metafictional aspect to the story when The Writing Writer goes into the story to persuade the main character to accept his destiny.
- Dave Sim, chapters "Minds" and "Guys" from his six thousand pages graphic novel Cerebus.
- Kristofer Straub, Checkerboard Nightmare, portrayed as the workplace of several professional webcomic actors and marketers.
- Adam Warren, Empowered.
- Dan Slott, Spider-Verse.
- Stephan Pastis, Pearls Before Swine (comics).
- Jim Davis, Garfield.
- Tatsuya Ishida, Sinfest.
- Paul Cornell, IDW 2013 Doctor Who Special:The Girl Who Loved Doctor Who.
- Mason Williams, 1/0.
Interactive media and video games
- Ryukishi07, Umineko no Naku Koro ni, Umineko no Naku Koro ni Chiru.
- Toby Fox, Undertale[2]
- Ivan "Mad" Zanotti, Imscared
- Hideo Kojima, Metal Gear Solid
- Silicon Knights, Eternal Darkness
- Keiichiro Toyama, Silent Hill
- THQ, Saints Row: The Third, Saints Row 4
- Daniel Mullins, Pony Island[2]
- Question, The Magic Circle[2]
- Davey Wreden, The Stanley Parable, The Beginner's Guide[2]
- Calendula
Web videos
- To Boldly Flee
- How It Should Have Ended
- Harry Potter and the 10 Years Later
- Don't Hug Me I'm Scared
- CollegeHumor
- Cracked.com
- I'm a Marvel and I'm a DC
Multiple authors
- The Marvel Comics characters Deadpool, Uatu the Watcher, Spider-Ham, Howard the Duck and Purple Man are all aware they are in a comic book.
- The DC Comics characters Ambush Bug and The Joker are aware that they are in a comic book.
- Penny Arcade frequently features metafiction, particularly their fantasy setting Epic Legends of the Hierarchs: The Elemenstor Saga, which has a detailed wiki devoted to it.
- The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama is fiction with a metafictional history.
- Triangle and Robert is heavily metafictional.
Artists' books
- Space Opera: The Artist's Book by Michael J. Weller
References
- ↑ Peter Siljedahl (1996). "Bert och Boysen" (in Swedish). Boktips. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Muncy, Jack (2016-01-18). "The Best New Videogames Are All About … Videogames". Wired. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
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