List of motorways in Turkey
Motorways in Turkey (Turkish: otoyol[1]) are a network in development. The length of the current network is 2155 km.[2][3] The minimum speed limit on the Turkish motorways is 40 km/h and the maximum is 120 km/h.[4] All the network is 6 lanes (3 in each direction) wide and illuminated. The motorway sign in Turkey is green and uses Highway Gothic typeface.
History
The motorway network in Turkey is relatively new. In 1980, the network was only 27 km long and was focused on Istanbul. Currently, great efforts are being made to expand the network. In September 2009, plans were unveiled for 12 new highway routes that are to be built by 2023, a total length of about 4773 km.[5]
Toll
All the motorways are toll roads. The toll is based on the distance traveled. The toll can be paid only with RFID-based HGS and OGS. Cash and KGS card payment methods have been abolished in recent years. Apart from motorways, the other state roads in Turkey are free of charge. The revenue from tolls in 2001 were still about $203 million, rising by 2012 to approximately $542 million. In 2012, the Bosphorus bridges saw 150 million vehicles pass and the other toll roads saw over 210 million vehicles.[6]
Standards
Mainly because the country already has a wide network of double carriageways, the standards for motorways in comparison are very high. Each direction has at least 3 lanes, aside from the İzmit Bypass and a small stretch of the Otoyol 3 between Silivri and Esenyurt which only have 2. The lanes are each 3.75 meters wide. Most exits have a connection road, which helps avoiding wrong-way driving and illegal access to the road (bikes, tractors and horses are not allowed on otoyols).
The minimum speed is 40 km/h (25 miles per hour) and the maximum allowed speed is 120 km/h (75 miles per hour), although speeding is not punished under 132 km/h (82 miles per hour).
Alongside otoyols, there are resting areas, which are standardized as A, B, C and D type service areas. The D type is mainly a parking area. The C type has a fuel station added. The B type has a fuel station and a vehicle service station added. The A type additionally has a motel.
Dangerous stretches such as tunnels or bridges where there is often fog, exits, interchanges and service areas are illuminated.
Since gradients are expected to be very low and turning radii are expected to be very high, otoyols have many bridges and tunnels which makes them very expensive.
Projects
Under construction:
- Gebze-Orhangazi-Izmir Motorway (Otoyol 5)
- Kuzey Marmara Motorway (Otoyol 6)
- Remaining parts of the Izmir Bypass (Otoyol 30)
Being planned:[7]
- Ankara-Niğde Motorway (Otoyol 21)
- Yalova-İzmit Motorway
- Bursa-Sivrihisar Motorway (Otoyol 22)
- Kınalı-Tekirdağ-Çanakkale-Balıkesir Motorway (including a Bridge over the Dardanelles)
- Aliağa-Çandarlı Motorway
- Aydın-Denizli-Burdur Motorway
- Afyon-Antalya-Alanya Motorway
- Ankara-İzmir Motorway
- Mersin-Silifke Motorway
- Şanlıurfa-Habur Motorway (including link to Diyarbakır)
- Gerede-Merzifon-Gürbulak Motorway
- Ankara-Delice-Samsun Motorway (including Samsun Bypass)
List of motorways
| Nr. | Name | Length | Course | Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Boğaziçi Köprüsü Otoyolu (Bosporus bridge motorway) |
25 km | Istanbul –  – Bosporus Bridge – Istanbul –  |
 |
 |
İstanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü - Anadolu Otoyolu (Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge- Anatolian Motorway) |
37 km | – Istanbul – Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge – Istanbul – |
 |
|
Edirne – İstanbul Otoyolu (Edirne–Istanbul Motorway) |
229 km |   – Edirne – Lüleburgaz – Çorlu – Istanbul – – |
 |
|
İstanbul - Ankara Otoyolu (İstanbul-Ankara Motorway) |
407 km | Istanbul – – – Gebze – İzmit – Düzce – Bolu – Gerede – Ankara –  |
 |
 |
Istanbul – Bursa Otoyolu (Istanbul-Bursa Motorway) |
80 km | at Gebze – İzmit Bay Bridge - Altinova – Yalova – Gemlik – Bursa –  |
 |
|
Ankara Çevre Otoyolu (Ankara-Ring motorway) |
110 km | – Ring around Ankara |
 |
 |
Tarsus-Ankara-Otoyolu (Tarsus-Ankara motorway) |
69 km | Tarsus –  – Pozantı |
 |
 |
İzmir Çevre Otoyolu (Izmir-Ring motorway) |
40 km |  –  – Ring around Izmir |
 |
|
İzmir - Aydın Otoyolu (Izmir-Aydın motorway) |
97 km | Izmir – – Aydın |
 |
|
İzmir – Çeşme Otoyolu (Izmir-Çeşme motorway) |
79 km | Izmir – – Urla – Çeşme |
 |
|
Bursa Çevre Otoyolu (Bursa-Ring motorway) |
54 km | Partial ring around Bursa |  |
 |
Adana Otoyolu (Adana motorway) |
23 km | – Adana –  |
 |
|
Adana – Mersin Otoyolu (Adana-Mersin motorway) |
88 km | – Adana – – Tarsus – Mersin |
 |
|
Adana – Şanlıurfa Otoyolu (Adana-Şanlıurfa motorway) |
365 km | – Adana – Ceyhan –  } – Osmaniye – Gaziantep −  – Nizip – Şanlıurfa |
 |
|
Toprakkale – İskenderun Otoyolu (Toprakkale-İskenderun motorway) |
150 km | – Dörtyol – İskenderun |
 |
|
Gaziantep Çevre Otoyolu (Gaziantep-Ring motorway) |
35 km | – Partial ring around Gaziantep |
 |
See also
- International E-road network
- Asian Highway Network
- General Directorate of Highways (Turkey)
- List of motorway tunnels in Turkey
External links
References
- ↑ Also quite widely called otoban, which is the Turkish spelling of the German word Autobahn
- ↑ http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteTr/Kurumsal/YolAgi.aspx
- ↑ "YILLAR İTİBARIYLA İŞLETMEYE AÇIK OTOYOLLAR" (PDF) (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ "Hız Sınırları" (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
- ↑ Infrastrukturprojekte sollen die türkische Bauwirtschaft ankurbeln, Germany Trade and Invest, 24. November 2009
- ↑ "Otoyol ve Köprü Gelirleri (2001-2012)" (PDF) (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ↑ "Otoyol Projeleri" (in Turkish). KGM. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
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