List of olive cultivars

There are hundreds of cultivars of the olive (Olea europaea). As one of the oldest and more important domesticated crops raised by humans, the olive tree has diverged naturally and with the assistance of man into many varieties. Olive cultivars are first and foremost divided into their location of origin; most names for cultivars come from place names. Secondarily, olives may be preferred for olive oil production or for eating as table olives, though many cultivars are dual-purpose.

Table of olives

Common name Image Origin Comment
Amfissa Greece also called the Amphissis, is a common Greek table olive grown in Amfissa, Central Greece near the oracle of Delphi. Amfissa olives enjoy protected designation of origin (PDO) status, and are equally good for olive oil extraction. The olive grove of Amfissa, which consists of 1,200,000 olive trees is a part of a protected natural landscape.
Arbequina Spain a small, brown olive grown in Aragon and Catalonia, Spain, good for eating and for oil.
Arbosana Spain a Spanish variety commonly grown for oil production alongside Arbequina and others, including in the United States.
Ascolano USA a cold-hardy table variety grown in California.[1]
Ayvalık Turkey or Edremit is popular olive type which is produced mostly for oil. The name is coming from the Turkish cities in North Aegean, Ayvalık - Edremit[2]
Barnea Israel a modern dual-purpose cultivar bred originally from Kadesh Barnea in southern Israel to be disease-resistant and to produce a generous crop. The oil has a strong flavour with a hint of green leaf. Barnea is widely grown in Israel and in the southern hemisphere, particularly in Australia and New Zealand.
Bidni Malta Malta's indigenous, disease resistant, cultivar.
Bosana Italy the most common olive grown on Sardinia. It is used mostly for oils.
Bouteillan France a cultivar grown in France for olive oil.
Cailletier France grown primarily in the Alpes-Maritimes region near Nice and in nearby Liguria in Italy, where it is known as Taggiasca. When processed for salads it is known as Niçoise.
Castelvetrano see Nocellara del Belice
Cayon France an olive oil variety grown in Southern France.
Cerignola Italy originates from the south-eastern Italian province of Apulia, are very large, mild in flavor, and may be served either green or cured red or black.
Cobrançosa Portugal a variety cultivated in Portugal.
Conservolea Greece a table olive cultivar, a mainstay of the Greek olive industry, similar to Amphisis
Coratina Italy one of the most important Italian varieties, especially favoured in the area of Puglia, the largest olive growing area of Italy.
Cornicabra Spain originating in Toledo, Spain, comprises about 12% of Spain's production. It is mainly used for oil. It is the main variety of olive used to make olive oil in Algeria.[3]
Domat Turkey a common Turkish green olive, a table olive and grown for oil[2][4]
Dritta Italy a variety of olive tree typical of the DOP area known as Aprutino Pescarese in the province of Pescara (Abruzzo). Its olives yield an extra virgin olive oil featuring extraordinary chemical and organoleptic qualities.
Empeltre Spain from Pedrola, Aragon, a medium-sized black olive grown in Spain. Especially in Aragon and the Balearic Islands, it is also dual-purpose.
Frantoio Italy and Leccino a principal raw material for Italian olive oils from Tuscany. Frantoio is fruity with a stronger aftertaste than Leccino.
Galega Portugal or Galega Vulgar, is a variety cultivated in Portugal.
Gemlik Turkey a variety from the Gemlik area of northern Turkey. They are small to medium-sized black olives with a high oil content. This type of olive is very common in Turkey and is sold as a breakfast olive in the cured formats of either Yagli Sele, Salamura or Duble, though there are other less common curings. The sign of a traditionally cured Gemlik olive is that the flesh comes away from the pit easily.
Halkidiki Greece very large table olives from the Halkidiki region of Greece; also called gaidouria, donkey olives[5]
Hojiblanca Spain originated in the province of Córdoba, Spain; its oil is widely appreciated for its slightly bitter flavour
Hondroelia Greece ('hondro=thick' olive, due to its size), a rare olive from Astros, blond, traditionally cured in salt[5]
Izmir Sofralik Greece a Turkish olive mostly grown for olive oil[2]
Kalamata Greece a large, black olive with a smooth and meatlike taste, is named after the city of Kalamata, Greece, and is used as a table olive. These olives are usually preserved in wine, vinegar or olive oil. Kalamata olives enjoy PDO status.[5]
Koroneiki Greece originated from the southern Peloponese, around Kalamata and Mani in Greece. This small olive, though difficult to cultivate, has a high yield of olive oil of exceptional quality.
Kothreiki Greece a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives
Leccino Italy and Frantoio cultivars are the principal raw material for Italian olive oils from Tuscany. Leccino has a mild sweet flavour.
Lucques France found in the south of France (Aude département). They are green, large, and elongated. The stone has an arcuated (bow)shape. Their flavour is mild and nutty.
Maalot Israel (Hebrew for merits) is a disease-resistant, Eastern Mediterranean cultivar derived from the North African Chemlali cultivar in Israel. The olive is medium-sized, round, has a fruity flavour and is used almost exclusively for oil production.
Manzanilla Spain a large, rounded-oval fruit, with purple-green skin, originated in Dos Hermanas, Seville, in southern Spain. "Manzanillas" means little apples in Spanish. Known for a rich taste and thick pulp, it is a prolific bearer, grown around the world.
Mastoidis Greece similar to Tsounati, is a Greek table olive cultivar.[6]
Megaritiki Greece a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives
Memeli Turkey a Turkish olive used for split green olives, green olives in brine, black olives and olive oil. Clingstone.[2]
Meslalla Morocco a Moroccan green olive used for olive oil production, pickled in garlic and hot peppers. It is also used in Tagines.
Mission USA originated on the California Missions and is now grown throughout the state. They are black and generally used for table consumption.
Nabali Palestine originated in Palestine[7] and is known locally as Baladi.
Nafplion Greece a small green olive grown only in the Argos valley in Greece. Nafplion olives are traditionally cracked and cured in brine.[8]
Nevadillo blanco
Nocellara del Belice Italy a large green olive cultivar primarily grown in Sicily. Also known as Castelvetrano olives in the United States, they have a mild, buttery flavor that makes them popular table olives, though they are also used to produce olive oil.
Patrinia Greece a Greek variety of olive tree grown primarily in Aigialeia, Greece.
Picholine France grown in the south of France. It is green, medium size, and elongated. The flavour is mild and nutty.
Picual Spain from southern Spain (province of Jaén), is the most widely cultivated olive in Spain, comprising about 50% of Spain's olive production and around 20% of world olive production. It has a strong but sweet flavour, and is widely used in Spain as a table olive.
Souri Lebanon grown in Lebanon near the town of Sur (Tyre) and widespread in the Levant, has a high oil yield and exceptionally aromatic flavour.
Thassos Greece the only cultivar that can be eaten straight from the tree when ripe.[5]
Throumbolia Greece a dual-purpose cultivar for oil and table olives
Tsounati see Mastoidis

See also

References

  1. ↑ Vossen, Paul. "Growing Temperate Tree Fruit and Nut Crops in the Home Garden and Landscape" (PDF). University of California Cooperative Extension.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Olive Growing in Turkey" (pdf). Körfez Grubu.
  3. ↑ "Common Olive Varietals by Country". About Olive Oil. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  4. ↑ İsfendİyaroğlu, Murat and Özeker, Elmas (2012). "Root Regeneration of ‘Domat’ Olive (Olea europaea L.) Cuttings: Wounding Effects" (pdf). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Fotiadi, Elena (2006). "Unusual Olives". Epikouria Magazine (2).
  6. ↑ Sinha, N.; Hui, Y.H.; Evranuz, E.Ö.; Siddiq, M.; Ahmed, J. (2010). Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing. Wiley. p. 664. ISBN 9780470958445.
  7. ↑ a., Belaj; z., Satovic; l., Rallo; i., Trujillo (2002). "Genetic diversity and relationships in olive (Olea europaea L.) germplasm collections as determined by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA". TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105 (4): 638. doi:10.1007/s00122-002-0981-6.
  8. ↑ http://www.zingermans.com/article.aspx?articleid=article16

Further reading

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