List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict

Below is a list of villages depopulated or destroyed during the Arab-Israeli conflict.

1880-1946

Arab villages

A number of these villages, those in the Jezreel Valley, were inhabited by tenants of land which was sold by a variety of owners, some local and others absentee landlord families, such as the Karkabi, Tueini, Farah and Khuri families and Sursock family of Lebanon. In some cases land was sold directly by local fellahim (peasant owners).[1] The sale of land to Jewish organizations meant that tenant farmers were displaced.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

List of Palestinian villages from which tenant farmers were uprooted before 1948, with the cause of the uprooting (i.e., sale by landlord or some other cause) given along with the name of Jewish settlements on newly acquired land (in parentheses) can be seen below.

Safed district

Acre district

Tiberias district

  • Um al-Junah, unknown date (Degania Bet)[11]
  • Malhamiyah, 1902 According to Edward Said, the Jewish farming village of Menahemia) was established in 1902 on land purchased by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1901; 3,000 dunams were purchased directly from local fellahim, 700 dunhams from local landlords, and over 60,000 dunams from landlords in Beirut; the Sursuq, Tuenis, and Mudawwar families. The Arab tenant farmers were evicted by Ottoman authorities.[1]
  • Sha’arah, beginning of the 20th century (Omer Sha’ara, today Shadmot Dvora)
  • Sarona, 1910 (Sharona)
  • Sarjuna, unknown date (Shorshim, today HaZor'im)
  • Yammah, 1901 (Yavniel)[11]

Nazareth district

Beisan district

Haifa district

Tulkarm district

  • Shaikh Muhammad, unknown date (Elyashiv)

Ramla district

Jewish villages

1929 Palestine riots

During the 1929 Palestine riots:

1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine

During the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine:

1948 Arab–Israeli War

Arab villages

Palestinian Arab residents were expelled from hundreds of towns and villages by the Israel Defense Forces, or fled in fear as the Israeli army advanced. Around 400 Arab towns and villages were depopulated.

Jewish villages

Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem were depopulated by Jordanian forces following the Jordanian occupation of the West Bank. Some were repopulated after the Six-Day War.

In areas that became Israel

In areas that became the West Bank and Gaza Strip

Gush Etzion[30] near Jerusalem:

Gaza Strip:

Israel-Syria border
Israel-Jordan border

Six-Day War

West Bank

Three Arab villages, Bayt Nuba, Imwas and Yalo, located in the Latrun Corridor were destroyed on the orders of Yitzhak Rabin due to the corridor's strategic location and route to Jerusalem and because of the residents' alleged aiding of Egyptian commandos in their attack on the city of Lod. The residents of the three villages were offered compensation but were not allowed to return.[31]

Hebron/Bethlehem area[32]

Jordan Valley[32]

Jerusalem area[32]

In the Negev/Sinai Desert

Golan Heights

Over 100,000 Golan Heights residents were evacuated from about 25 villages whether on orders of the Syrian government or through fear of an attack by the Israeli Defense Forces and expulsion after the ceasefire.[33] During the following months, more than a hundred Syrian villages were destroyed by Israel.[34]

1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty

Israeli settlements

Israeli settlements in the Sinai Peninsula were evacuated as a result of the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.

Israel's unilateral disengagement plan

As a part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, 21 civilian Israeli settlements were forcibly evacuated, as well as an area in the northern West Bank containing four Israeli villages. The residential buildings were razed by Israel but public structures were left intact. The religious structures not removed by Israel were later destroyed by Palestinians.

Israeli settlements

In the Gaza Strip (all 21 settlements, as well as 1 Bedouin village):
In the West Bank (4 settlements):

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Said and Hitchens, 2001, p. 217; notes 28, 29, on p. 232
  2. ↑ Kenneth W. Stein, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939, UNC Press Books, 1987 p.60. The Sursocks sold Jinujar, Tall al-Adas, Jabata, Khuneifis, Jeida, Harbaj, Harithiya, Affula, Shuna, Jidru, Majdal.
  3. ↑ Barbara Jean Smith, The roots of separatism in Palestine: British economic policy, 1920-1929, Syracuse University Press, 1993 pp.96-7;
  4. ↑ Mark A. Tessler, A History of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Indiana University Press, 1994 p.177, writes 'The Sursock deal is known to have involved the eviction of about 8000 tenants "compensated" at three pounds ten shillings [about $17] a head.'
  5. ↑ Huneidi and Khalidi, 2001, p. 223
  6. ↑ Palestine Commission on the Disturbances of August 1929,H.M.S.O., 1930, vol.1 p.437:'The Sursock titles should have been looked into as was acknowledged by the government officials themselves.The transfer became an irregular one, if not an illegal one, because the peasants' claims were not satisfied.'
  7. ↑ Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, vol.2 (Une mission sacrée de civilisation), Fayard, Paris, 2002 pp.143-148.
  8. ↑ Benny Morris, Righteous Victims. First Vintage 2001 edition, p55.
  9. ↑ Avneri, 1984, pp. 96-98
  10. ↑ Avneri, 1984, p. 203
  11. 1 2 3 Karmon, 1960, p. 167
  12. 1 2 3 Moshe Dayan, cited in Rogan and Shlaim, 2001, p. 207
  13. ↑ Grootkerk, 2000, pp. 280-1
  14. ↑ Karmon, 1960, p. 163
  15. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, pp. XIX-XX
  16. ↑ Pringles, 1997, p. 62
  17. 1 2 3 4 Avneri, 1984, pp. 156-7
  18. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 14
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 49
  20. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 13
  21. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 47
  22. ↑ Avneri, 1984, p. 122
  23. ↑ Universal Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol 6, entry "Colonies, Agricultural", p. 287.
  24. ↑ "(List ov villages destroyed before 1948)רשימת הכפרים שנהרסו לפני 1948". Retrieved December 4, 2012.
  25. ↑ Kark, Ruth (2001). Jerusalem and Its Environs: Quarters, Neighborhoods, Villages, 1800-1948. Wayne State University Press. p. 319. ISBN 0814329098.
  26. ↑ Sylva M. Gelber, No balm in Gilead: a personal retrospective of mandate days in Palestine, Carleton University/McGill University Press 1989 p.88.
  27. ↑ Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Roger (2000). To Rule Jerusalem. University of California Press. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-520-22092-8.
  28. ↑ Shragai, Nadav (January 4, 2004). "11 Jewish families move into J'lem neighborhood of Silwan". Haaretz.
  29. ↑ Palestine Post, August 15, 1938, p. 2
  30. ↑ History of the Etzion Bloc: The Siege and Fall Page 8 of 11
  31. ↑ Oren, 2002, pp. 307.
  32. 1 2 3 UN Doc A/8389 of 5 October 1971
  33. ↑ REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ISRAELI PRACTICES AFFECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE POPULATION OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES (UN Doc A/8089) 5 October 1970
  34. ↑ "The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965-1969" by Aron Shai (History & Memory - Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86-106)

Bibliography

External links

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