Lovech

Lovech
Ловеч

Coat of arms
Lovech

Location of Lovech

Coordinates: 43°08′05″N 24°43′02″E / 43.13472°N 24.71722°E / 43.13472; 24.71722Coordinates: 43°08′05″N 24°43′02″E / 43.13472°N 24.71722°E / 43.13472; 24.71722
Country Bulgaria
Province
(Oblast)		 Lovech
Government
 • Mayor Kornelia Marinova
Area
 • City 70.001 km2 (27.028 sq mi)
Elevation 200 m (700 ft)
Population (Census February 2011)[1]
 • City 36,600
 • Density 520/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
 • Urban 49,738
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Postal Code 5500
Area code(s) 068

Lovech (Bulgarian: Ловеч, pronounced [ˈɫɔvɛtʃ], international transliteration Loveč) is a city in north-central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the Lovech Province and of the subordinate Lovech Municipality. The town is located about 150 kilometres (93 miles) northeast from the capital city of Sofia. Near Lovech are the towns of Pleven, Troyan and Teteven.

Name

The name is possibly derived from the Slavic root lov, "hunting" + the Slavic suffix -ech.

Geography

Lovech is situated in the Forebalkan area of northern Bulgaria, on both sides of the river Osam, and unifies both mountainous and plain relief. The eastern part of the town is surrounded by a 250 m high plateau, where the largest park in Lovech, Stratesh, is located, and the southwestern part is surrounded by the hills Hisarya and Bash Bunar. In the northwest the relief gradually changes to the plains of the neighbouring Pleven Province. The average altitude of Lovech is about 200 m above mean sea level. The highest point of the town is Akbair Hill at 450 m.

In Stratesh Park, the highest place in the town, there are a great number of lilac bushes, easily seen from the whole town, which are a wonderful view in the spring. Due to this, Lovech is well known as the town of the lilacs.

Population

According to the census, held in February, 2011, Lovech is populated by 36,600 inhabitants within city limits. In the 1880s the population of Lovech numbered about 7,000.[2] Since then it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of the migrants from the rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns, with a peak in the period 1987-1991 when exceeded 50,000 residents.[3] After this time, the population has started decreasing rapidly in consequence of the poor economic situation in the Bulgarian provinces during the 1990s that led to a new migration in the direction of the country capital Sofia and abroad.

Lovech
Year 1887 1910 1934 1946 1956 1965 1975 1985 1992 2001 2005 2009 2011 2013
Population 7,008 8,421 9,420 11,829 17,901 30,951 43,967 48,882 48,267 44,146 40,824 38,579 36,600 35,254
Highest number 51,945 in 1991
Sources: National Statistical Institute,[1][3][4] „citypopulation.de“,[5] „pop-stat.mashke.org“,[6] Bulgarian Academy of Sciences[2]

Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition

According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:[7][8]

Total: 36,600

The ethnic composition of Lovech Municipality is 43,223 Bulgarians, 2,321 Turks and 665 Gypsies among others.

Following the census of 1926 Professor Anastas Ishirkov noted the homogeneity of the population which is 95% of Bulgarian origin.

History

Ancient history

Lovech is one of the oldest towns in Bulgaria. Traces of human activities from very ancient times were found in the region, mainly in the caves near the town. The reason was the comfortable location between the mountains and the flat country, and the presence of a river.

The first inhabitants of the town were the Thracian tribe of the Meldi, whose traces date back to the 4th or 3rd centuries BC. They founded their capital, called Melta, in the area, which was situated at the place of today's neighbourhood and architecture reserve Varosha. Later, when the Balkans were occupied by the Roman Empire, a military station called Prezidium was founded near the modern town, which was situated at an important strategic position on one of the main Roman roads. Parts of this road are to be seen in the territory of Lovech today.

Middle Ages

The former Roman citadel Hisarya, which is situated on the hill of the same name, was the place where in 1187 the peace treaty between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire was signed and the returning of Bulgaria on the European map was officially declared, marking the beginning of the Second Bulgarian Empire. In the 12th century Lovech was a great trade centre and one of the most famous towns in Bulgaria.

Plan of the medieval fortress of Lovech

The Turkish invasion in the middle of the 14th century did not pass the town, but the Hisarya fortress was captured last of all, in 1446, although for a long time after that the town enjoyed some privileges such as a prohibition on Turkish people to settle in the town or to take Bulgarian children as janissaries.

Ottoman rule

In the 17th century Lovech (Lofça in Turkish) was once again an important trade centre and one of the richest towns in Bulgaria, a reason for the town being called Altın Lovech (Golden Lovech, from Turkish) at the time.

In the times of revolutionary organisations against the Ottoman rule, Lovech was the centre of operations of the Internal Revolutionary Organisation of Vasil Levski, called the Secret Revolutionary Committee. He was arrested by the Turkish military in a village near Lovech called Kakrina and later hanged in Sofia. The biggest museum of Vasil Levski in Bulgaria containing many personal items such as notebooks, clothes and weapon is situated in the old town part of Lovech.

Between 1872 and 1874, the Bulgarian master-builder Nikola Fichev, known also as Kolyu Ficheto, built the famous Covered Bridge (Покрит мост) over the river Osam, the only one of its kind in the Balkans. The bridge was burned out in 1925, but rebuilt in 1931. Now it connects the new and the old part of the town and it's full of cafes, small restaurants and many souvenir shops.

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, an important battle was held at Lovech, known as the Battle of Lovcha. The war and several plagues and migrations in Wallachia drastically reduced the population. There was a substantial number of victims from the Bulgarian population. Immediately after the liberation of Turkish-occupied Lovech, according to a census carried out by the Provisional Russian Government, it decreased from 15,000 to 4,500 people as a result of sensitive human casualties and displacement of the Turkish population. The Turkish army for revenge beheaded 4,500 Bulgarians in one night, while in the period of 500 years of Turkish occupation in Lovech were massacred 800,000 Bulgarians. Many Turkish families were expelled by the Russian army and the Muslims of Lovech known to be "Lofçalılar" have immigrated to several parts of Turkey (mainly Istanbul, Edirne and Bursa).

Modern times

In more recent times, Lovech was the place where modern foreign language education in Bulgaria started. Taking over from the American college established there in 1881, the first foreign language school in Bulgaria was set up in Lovech in 1950. Initially three languages were taught in this school: English, French and German. However soon after that the teaching of English and French was moved to Sofia and Varna respectively, founding the first language schools in these cities: the First English Language School in Sofia in 1954 and the French Language School in Varna in 1958. Since for the period 1959-1984 German was the only language taught, the school in Lovech was informally known as The German School (Немската гимназия).

Economy

On April 9, 2009, Great Wall Motor and the Bulgarian company Litex Motors signed a contract for building a production base that would manufacture three models of the Chinese manufacturer near Lovech. The new plant was opened on February 21, 2012.

The investment is worth around 97 million euros and will create 2,000 new jobs over the first four years. It will be Great Wall Motor's gate of entering the European Union market, thanks to the zero tariff levels.[9]

Climate

Climate data for Lovech (2000-2014)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6)		 7.5
(45.5)		 13.4
(56.1)		 18.6
(65.5)		 24.1
(75.4)		 27.9
(82.2)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.9
(87.6)		 25.4
(77.7)		 18.8
(65.8)		 12.9
(55.2)		 5.7
(42.3)		 18.4
(65.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8)		 3.0
(37.4)		 8.0
(46.4)		 12.8
(55)		 18.4
(65.1)		 22.1
(71.8)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.7
(76.5)		 19.5
(67.1)		 13.5
(56.3)		 8.4
(47.1)		 2.0
(35.6)		 13.3
(55.9)
Average low °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 2.5
(36.5)		 7.0
(44.6)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.2
(59.4)		 17.6
(63.7)		 17.5
(63.5)		 13.0
(55.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 7.6
(45.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.3
(1.705)		 42.4
(1.669)		 40.7
(1.602)		 25.1
(0.988)		 28.7
(1.13)		 27.2
(1.071)		 30.4
(1.197)		 16.6
(0.654)		 60.4
(2.378)		 71.9
(2.831)		 53.4
(2.102)		 78.2
(3.079)		 561.6
(22.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 11.3 11.1 9.7 4.1 3.7 4.7 2.8 2.7 4.9 6.6 5.0 9.4 67.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 93 133 160 210 244 282 320 302 219 165 105 89 2,437
Source: Stringmeteo.org

Main sights

The Covered Bridge connecting the two parts of town.
Buildings along the Osam

Theatres

Museums

Sports

Famous people

Statue of the medieval Bulgarian warrior

Events

Partner towns

Honours

Lovech Heights in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the city,[10] and Melta Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the ancient Melta.[11]

Gallery

References

  1. 1 2 (Bulgarian) National Statistical Institute - Main Towns Census 2011
  2. 1 2 (Bulgarian) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
  3. 1 2 (Bulgarian) National Statistical Institute - Towns population 1956-1992
  4. ↑ (English) Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - towns in 2009
  5. ↑ (English) CityPopulation.de
  6. ↑ (English) Pop-Stat.Mashke.org
  7. ↑ (Bulgarian) Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute
  8. ↑ Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute (Bulgarian)
  9. ↑ (English) PalmBeachPost.com
  10. ↑ Lovech Heights. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
  11. ↑ Melta Point. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lovech.
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