M. S. Subbulakshmi

M.S.Subbulakshmi

An EMI record of Subbulakshmi
Background information
Also known as M.S.
Born (1916-09-16)16 September 1916
Madurai, Madras Presidency, India
Origin India
Died 11 December 2004(2004-12-11) (aged 88)
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Genres Indian classical music
Occupation(s) Classical vocalist
Years active 1930–2004
Labels HMV

Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (Tamil: மதுரை சண்முகவடிவு சுப்புலட்சுமி, Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi ? 16 September 1916 – 11 December 2004), also known as M.S., was a Carnatic vocalist. She was the first musician ever to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.[1] She is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award, often considered Asia's Nobel Prize,[2] in 1974 with the citation reading "Exacting purists acknowledge Srimati M. S. Subbulakshmi as the leading exponent of classical and semi-classical songs in the carnatic tradition of South India."[3][4]

Biography

Early years

Subbulakshmi (Kunjamma to her family) was born in Madurai, Madras Presidency, India to veena player Shanmukavadiver Ammal and Subramania Iyer. Her grandmother Akkammal was a violinist.

She started learning Carnatic music at an early age and trained in Carnatic music under the tutelage of Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and subsequently in Hindustani music under Pandit Narayanrao Vyas.

Her mother, from the devadasi community, was a music exponent and a regular stage performer, and Subbulakshmi grew up in an environment very conducive to musical learning. Her musical interests were also shaped by regular interactions with Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, Mazhavarayanendal Subbarama Bhagavathar and Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar.[5]

Subbulakshmi gave her first public performance, at the age of eleven, in the year 1927, in the 100 pillar hall inside the Rockfort Temple, Tiruchirappalli; with Mysore Chowdiah on the violin and Dakshinamurthy Pillai on the mridangam. This was organised by the Tiruchirappalli based Indian National Congress leader F. G. Natesa Iyer.[6]

Move to Madras

In 1936 Subbulakshmi moved to Madras (now Chennai).[7] She also made her film debut in Sevasadan in 1938.[8] Her debut to the world of cinema was again opposite F. G. Natesa Iyer: who had introduced her as a child prodigy to the world of Carnatic music a decade earlier, in Tiruchirappalli.

Musical style and performance

M.S. Subbulakshmi (left) with S. Varalakshmi in Sevasadhanam (1938)

Singing career

M.S. Subbulakshmi began her Carnatic classical music training under her mother Shanmugavadivu; and later in Hindustani classical training under Pandit Narayan Rao Vyas. Subbulakshmi first recording was released when she was 10 years old.

Subbulakshmi gave her first performance at the prestigious Madras Music Academy in 1929,when she was 13 years old . The performance consisted of singing bhajans (Hindu hymns).[9] The academy was known for its discriminating selection process, and they broke tradition by inviting a young girl as a key performer. Her performance was described as spellbinding and earned her many admirers and the moniker of musical genius from critics. Soon after her debut performances, Subbulakshmi became one of the leading Carnatic vocalists.[7][10]

By the age of seventeen, Subbulakshmi was giving concerts on her own, including major performances at the Madras Music Academy.

She travelled to London, New York, Canada, the Far East, and other places as India's cultural ambassador. Her concerts at

were significant landmarks in her career.[11] In 1969 she was accompanied by Indian Railways Advisor SN Venkata Rao to Rameshwaram, where she famously sang several songs in front of each idol in the Rameshwaram temple.

After the death of her husband Kalki Sadasivam in 1997, she stopped all her public performances.

Films

M.S. also acted in a few Tamil films in her youth. Her first movie, Sevasadanam, was released on 2 May 1938. F.G. Natesa Iyer was the lead actor, opposite Subbulakshmi, in this film, directed by K. Subramanyam. It was a critical and commercial success.[12] Ananda Vikatan favourably reviewed the film on 8 May 1938:

“ We should always expect something from Subramaniam's direction – for instance depiction of social ills. If we have to say only two words about this talkie based on Premchand's story it is – Go see (it).[13] ”

Sevasadanam is one of the early Tamil films to be set in a contemporary social setting and to advocate reformist social policies. The film is an adapted version of Premchand's novel Bazaar-e-Husn. The veteran Marxist leader N. Sankaraiah, has described Sevasadanam as an "unusual film" for choosing the subject of marriages between young girls and old men (which had social sanction). According to him, the film successfully broughout the "sufferings of the girl" (acted by M.S.) and the "mental agony of the aged husband".(acted by F.G.Natesa Iyer).Tamil film critic and historian Aranthai Narayanan observes in his bookThamizh Cinemavin Kathai (The Story of Tamil Cinema) that "Seva Sadhanam proved a turning point in the history of Tamil cinema. In the climax, the aged husband, now a totally changed man, was shown as casting aside with utter contempt his 'sacred thread', which symbolises his Brahmin superiority. It came as a stunning blow to the then Brahmin orthodoxy."[14]

MS Subbulakshmi also played the male role of Narada in "Savitri" (1941) to raise money for launching Kalki, her husband's nationalist Tamil weekly. Her title role of the Rajasthani saint-poetess Meera in the eponymous 1945 film gave her national prominence. This movie was re-made in Hindi in 1947.

Year Film Language Role Co-Star Director Music Banner
1938 Sevasadanam Tamil Sumathi F. G. Natesa Iyer K. Subramanyam Papanasam Sivan Madras United Artists Corporation
1940 Sakuntalai Tamil Shakunthala G. N. Balasubramaniam, Radha Viswanathan Ellis R. Dungan Papanasam Sovan
1941 Savithiri Tamil Saint Narada Y. V. Rao, Shanta Apte Y. V. Rao Thuraiyur Rajagopala Sarma & Kamaldas Gupta Royal Talkie Distributors
1945 Meera Tamil Meerabai Chittor V. Nagaiah Ellis R. Dungan S. V. Venkatraman Chandraprabha Cinetone
1947 Meerabai Hindi Meerabai Ellis R. Dungan S. V. Venkatraman Chandraprabha Cinetone

Awards and honours

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had this to say about M.S. Subbulakshmi- "Who am I, a mere Prime Minister before a Queen, a Queen of Music". While Lata Mangeshkar called her Tapaswini (the Renunciate), Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan termed her Suswaralakshmi (the goddess of the perfect note), and Kishori Amonkar labelled her the ultimate eighth note or Aathuvaan Sur, which is above the seven notes basic to all music. The great national leader and poet Sarojini Naidu called her "Nightingale of India". Her many famous renditions of bhajans include the chanting of Bhaja Govindam, Vishnu sahasranama (1000 names of Vishnu), Hari Tuma Haro and the Venkateswara Suprabhatam (musical hymns to awaken Lord Balaji early in the morning).

She was widely honoured, praised and awarded. Some of the more popular ones include[15]

She was honoured as a resident artist [Asthana Vidhwan] of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams.[17] Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) has installed a bronze statue of M.S. Subbulakshmi at the Poornakumbham circle in the temple town. It was unveiled by Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy on 28 May 2006.[18]

The Kancheepuram Saree shade known as MS Blue was named after her[19] by the well known Congress party member and philanthropist, Sri Muthu Chettiyar when they met at the residence of Sri R. Aiyadurai and Smt. Thangam Aiyadurai at Lady Desikachari Road, Madras, who were close friends of MS and Sadasivam.

A commemorative postage stamp on her was issued on 18-December-2005.[20]

She was bestowed with enormous prize moneys with these awards, most of which she donated to charity. She has given more than 200 charity concerts and raised well over Rs. 10,000,000. She was awarded honorary degrees from several Universities. She was an ardent devotee of Kanchi Mahaswamigal and she rendered his composition Maithreem Bhajatha (O World! Cultivate peace) in her concert at the UN in 1966. She made a 20-minute recording of Venkatesa Suprabhatam for HMV, the royalty from which goes to the Veda Patasala run by the Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam.[21] She donated many of the royalties on several best sold records to many charity organisations.

References

  1. ↑ "M S Subbulakshmi: 'Nightingale' of Carnatic music". Rediff (India). 12 December 2004.
  2. ↑ Clare Arthurs (25 July 2000). "Activists share 'Asian Nobel Prize'". BBC News. Retrieved 20 February 2008.
  3. ↑ "Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation". Rmaf.org.ph. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  4. ↑ The Ramon Magsaysay awards, Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, 1982, p. 141
  5. ↑ Srivastava, Gauri (2006). Women role models: some eminent women of contemporary India. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-81-8069-336-6. OCLC 74991412.
  6. ↑ SRUTI magazine cover story on F.G.Natesa Iyer, page 25, issue number 330,March 2012
  7. 1 2 "M.S. subbulakshmi passes away, aged 88". The Hindu. 12 December 2004. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  8. ↑ "M. S. Subbulakshmi (1916–2004)" (PDF). National Resource Center for Women, Government of India. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
  9. ↑ "Popular Indian classical singer M.S. Subbulakshmi dead". Pakistan Times. 13 December 2004. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  10. ↑ Murthi, R. K. Encyclopedia of Bharat Ratnas. Pitambar Publishing. pp. 176–179. ISBN 978-81-209-1307-3.
  11. ↑ K.S. Mahadevan. "M.S.SUBBULAKSHMI – A DIVINE MAESTRO". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  12. ↑ "The stamp of honour". The Hindu. Hinduonnet.com. 10 July 2000. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  13. ↑ Arandhai Narayanan (2008). Arambakala Tamil Cinema (1931–41) (in Tamil). Chennai: Vijaya Publications. p. 26.
  14. ↑ "Vishwanathan S. "A progressive film maker; Tribute to K.Subramanian, Volume 21 – Issue 14, Jul. 03 – 16, 2004 of Frontline magazine ,(brought out by Hindu publications), Chennai, Tamilnadu". Frontlineonnet.com. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
  15. ↑ "MS Subbulakshmi's music is relevant even today". IBN Live (India). 16 September 2011.
  16. 1 2 "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Humility personified". The Hindu (India). 17 December 2004.
  18. ↑ "Statue of M.S. unveiled at Tirupati". The Hindu (Tirupati, India). 29 May 2006.
  19. ↑ "The lure of the Kanchi silk". The Hindu (India). 5 November 2004.
  20. ↑ "Stamps – 2005". Department of Posts, Indian government. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  21. ↑ "Pages ago – Singing for Bapu, Jawaharlal and Paramacharya". The Hindu (India). 22 December 2010.

Further reading

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