Human male sexuality

"Male sexuality" redirects here. For sexuality of non-human male animals, see Animal sexual behaviour.
Male masturbation detail from a Greek krater, 560 to 550 BCE
The shield and spear of the Roman god Mars represents the male sex.

Human male sexuality covers physiological, psychological, social, cultural, and political aspects of the human male sexual response and related phenomenon. It encompasses a broad range of topics, including male sexual desires, acts, and behaviors, which as a part of human sexuality, have also been addressed by principles of ethics, morality, and religion.

Sexual orientation

Male homosexuality

See also: Homosexuality, LGBT, Gay male culture, Category:Male homosexuality, and Masculinity § Men

The Western "homosexual" category has been related to the non-Western "third gender" category. It has been cast as a redefinition and expansion of the third gender category to include all biological males who acknowledge having same-sex attractions (instead of only effeminate males). This extension of the third gender is due to various factors that were unique to the Western world, including the widespread influence of Christianity and, as a result, the encouragement of opposite-sex relationships. Before the concept of sexual orientation was developed in the modern West, only the effeminate males who sought to be anally penetrated by men (oral sex was far less common than today) were seen as a different gender category.[1] The Western equivalents to the third genders, and not men with same-sex attractions, are the ones who started and propagated the Western concept of a homosexual identity.[2][3][4][5]

Many non-Western societies show hostility towards the concept of homosexuality, which they view as a pernicious Western practice and a legacy of colonialism and (Western) sexual tourism. However, and strangely to Western eyes, they do accept both men who have sex with men and third genders who have sex with men as an unremarkable part of society, so long as they're not called "homosexuals."

In the West, a man often cannot acknowledge or display sexual attraction for another man without the homosexual or bisexual label being attached to him.[6] The same pattern of shunning the homosexual identity, while still having sex with men, is quite prevalent in the non-West.[7][8] In fact, in some sense, sexual attraction between men is seen or sometimes practised—either quietly or openly—as a universal male phenomenon, even if held morally wrong in the larger society, and, in the men's spaces, sexual attraction between men is seen as a universal male quality, not something limited to a minority.[9][10][11][12]

Origins of the heterosexual–homosexual classification

In the 1860s, German third gender Karl Heinrich Ulrichs coined a new terminology for third genders that he called "urnings," which was supposed to mean "men who like men." These "urnings" were the "females inside male bodies" who were emotionally or sexually attracted to men. Ulrichs thought, as did most members of the third sex who popularized the term "homosexual" for themselves, that masculine men can never have sexual desires for other men, and a male necessarily had to be feminine gendered or had to have a female inside him to be attracted to men. This was supported by his own experience as well as the fact that men had sex with men only secretively, due to the cultural climate. Ulrichs also defined the men (as opposed to third genders) as "diones," meaning "men who like women."

Later, Austrian third gender and human rights activist Karl Maria Kertbeny coined the terms "homosexual" and "heterosexual." For most of this period, these terms were popular only amongst the third gender and scientific communities, the latter of which was developing the concept of homosexuality as a mental disorder.

Thus, the idea of "men who like men" being different from "men who like women", as well as the idea of differentiating male sexuality between "heterosexuality" and "homosexuality," was born. The underlying factor for the division, however, remained gender orientation (masculinity and femininity). Mainstream men, who were now decidedly "heterosexual," however, rarely related with these terms, as they saw themselves as neither heterosexual or homosexual for a long time. Even in 2010, "straight" men in the West, quite like men in the East,[13] seldom relate strongly with sexual identities.[14] These identities, however, remain a strong focus within the LGBT community.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Zuni Berdache Quotes: History of hermaphrodites
  2. ↑ A false birth, A critique of social constructionism and postmodern queer theory, by Rictor Norton
  3. ↑ Sex and the Gender Revolution, Volume 1 Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment London Quotes: The University of Chicago Press, by Randolph Trumbach
  4. ↑ Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, Alfred C. Kinsey, Wardell R. Pomeroy and Clyde E. Martin Quote: "Males do not represent two discrete populations, heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats. Not all things are black nor all things white.
  5. ↑ A false birth Quote: "... It is argued that 'Whitman himself stubbornly resisted the notion of a distinctive homosexual sensibility' (D'Emilio 1993)"
  6. ↑ 'I want to do what I want to do': young adults resisting sexual identities Fiona J. Stewart, Anton Mischewski, Anthony M. A. Smith; Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Quote: "I don't think I was actually afraid of being gay, what I was afraid of was having a gay identity imposed upon me without my control over it..."
  7. ↑ Prevalence of Same-Sex Sexual Behavior and Associated Characteristics among Low-Income Urban Males in Peru, PLoS ONE,"Researchers studying same-sex sexual contact and related risk behaviors among Latino men have described a construction of sexuality that links penetration with masculinity and receptive intercourse with femininity, through which male same-sex sexual contact does not necessarily presume a homosexual identity."
  8. ↑ Straight Men Who Have Sex With Men by Tristan Taormino, The Village Voice.
  9. ↑ Edward J. Tejirian (17 October 2000). "Amazon.com: Male to Male: Sexual Feeling Across the Boundaries of Identity (Haworth Gay & Lesbian Studies)". amazon.com. ISBN 9781560239758.
  10. ↑ Afghan Men Struggle With Sexual Identity, Study Finds Fox News
  11. ↑ Alexander the Great Sexual attraction between males was seen as a normal and universal part of human nature since it was believed that men were attracted to beauty, an attribute of the young, regardless of gender.
  12. ↑ In order to understand the origins of male sexuality, a variety of demographics need to be researched, including race. According to Zea (2003), "to study sexual attitude, identities, and behaviors of Latino gay and bisexual men, it is necessary to understand the role of culture"(p.282).
  13. ↑ Sexuality and Society Fox News Struggles with Sexual Identities of Afghan Men by Shari L. Dworkin; Sexuality and Society; Quote from the report: "found that Pashtun men commonly have sex with other men, admire other men physically, have sexual relationships with boys and shun women both socially and sexually—yet they completely reject the label of 'homosexual.'"
  14. ↑ of sexual identity formation in heterosexual students, SpringerLink; by Michele J. Eliason1, College of Nursing, The University of Iowa; Quote from the abstract: Students could be categorized into all four of Marcia's identity statuses. Additionally, six common themes were noted in their essays: had never thought about sexual identity; society made me heterosexual; gender determines sexual identity; issues of choice versus innateness of sexuality; no alternative to heterosexuality; and the influence of religion.

External links

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