Mars Mill, Castleton

Mars
Cotton
Mars mill
Location within Greater Manchester
Spinning (Fine Egyptianb)
Location	Castleton
Serving canal	Rochdale Canal
Serving railway	Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
Further ownership	Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s) Courtaulds (1964)
Coordinates	53°35′49″N 2°11′10″W / 53.5969°N 2.1860°W / 53.5969; -2.1860
Demolished	1960s
Power
Date	1908
Engine maker	Urmson & Thompson
Engine type	cross compound
Valve Gear	Corliss valves
rpm	67 rpm
Flywheel diameter	24 ft
No. of ropes	36 ropes
Boiler configuration
Pressure	160 psi
Equipment
Cotton count	76 +
Mule Frames	115,630 mule spindles (1919)
References
^[1]

Mars Mill is a former cotton spinning mill in Castleton, Rochdale, Greater Manchester. Castleton joined the Borough of Rochdale in 1899. Queensway, Castleton was a hub of cotton mills; Mars, Marland, and Castleton Mill were a group of three. It was taken over by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in the 1930s and passed to Courtaulds in 1964 and demolished in the 1990s; Marland survived until 2004.

Location

Rochdale is a large market town in Greater Manchester, England.^[2] It lies amongst the foothills of the Pennines on the River Roch, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north-northwest of Oldham, and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester. Rochdale is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.Castleton lies to the south west, just north of Chadderton, it became part of Rochdale in 1899.

Castleton is served by the Rochdale Canal which officially opened in 1804. This provides a broad canal link across the Pennines and consequently became an important transport corridor. Within Greater Manchester, the canal started at the Bridgewater Canal, linked with Ashton Canal and passed through Ancoats, Droylsden, Moston, Middleton and Chadderton before passing Castleton and to the south of Rochdale towards Todmorden. The canal carried coal and cotton to the mills, and the completed yarn to the weaving sheds. In 1890 the canal company had 2,000 barges and traffic reached 700,000 tons/year, the equivalent of 50 barges a day,^[3] despite competition from the Manchester and Leeds Railway.

The rail service provided by the Manchester and Leeds Railway from 1839 had important goods yards at Castleton. It was amalgamated into the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1847; lines ran to Bury, Burnley, Oldham, Manchester and Leeds.

History

It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first ever industrialised towns.^[4] The Rochdale Canal—one of the major navigable broad canals of the United Kingdom—was a highway of commerce during this time used for the haulage of cotton, wool, coal to and from the area.^[4] In 1882, Rochdale, the home of industrial co-operatives, embraced the joint stock limited company and new mills were financed and built.^[5] Its ownership model was slightly different from that of Oldham, and more shares remained in the hands of the operatives. The canal created jobs for hundreds of local residents, as it enabled the construction of several cotton mills. With the mills came the need for engineering and from 1892, Castleton was the home of Tweedales and Smalley, who manufactured looms and textile machinery. Their 14-acre (5.7 ha) Globe Works factory no longer exists, now part of the Woolworth's site.

The Manchester and Leeds Railway Company (later the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway) arrived in Castleton in 1839.

Mars Mill was an Edwardian mill built in the construction boom around 1906, by Mars Mill Limited. It was built to spin the finest Egyptian cotton.The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The Great War of 1914–18 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. In 1913 the directors were adding an extra storey to the mill, and did not pay a dividend but made a small profit. In 1914, fine-count mills were in difficulties and Mars Mill made a half-year loss of £4,486.^[6] By 1919 the independent mills were struggling. The shareholders agreed to a recommendation to sell the mill to Messrs. Cottam and Mellor, of Oldham, for £258,000; that is £12.15s for each of the 16,000 ordinary shares of £2.10s. and £1.2s 6d. for each of the £1 preference shares. A new company was floated. The Mars Mill (1920) Limited, was registered with a capital of £300,000 in £1 shares.

The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry.^[7] Mars Mill, Castleton was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950, when it was spinning the finest Egyptian cotton, producing combed quality yarns from Ring and mule in the range of 74 to 120s.^[1] It was demolished in the 1990s. The adjacent Marland Mill stood until 2004.^[8]

Architecture

Standard Edwardian-style mill with a simple water tower. Detached engine house laid out for a horizontal cross compound. It had four storeys; a fifth storey was added in 1913/14 to accommodate an additional 30,000 spindles.

Engine

Driven by a 1700 hp cross compound engine by Urmson & Thompson, 1908 similar to the one in Royton Ring Mill, Royton. Probably had a 24-foot flywheel running at 67 rpm with 36 ropes. The cylinders, 29"HP, 59"LP, had a 5 ft stroke. It had Corliss valves on both cylinders. The air pump was driven from LP tail rod with support guides on LP only.

Owners

Mars Mill Limited (1906–19)
Messrs. Cottam and Mellor, of Oldham (1919)
Mars Mill (1920) Limited (1920–1930s)
Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930s–1964)
Courtaulds (1964–)

Lancashire cotton

Architects	David Bellhouse Bradshaw Gass & Hope F.W. Dixon & Son Edward Potts Potts, Pickup & Dixon Stott Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)

Engine makers	Daniel Adamson Ashton Frost Ashworth & Parker Bateman & Sherratt Boulton & Watt Browett, Lindley & Co Buckley & Taylor Carels Frères Earnshaw & Holt Fairbairn W & J Galloway & Sons Benjamin Goodfellow Hick, Hargreaves & Co Benjamin Hick and Sons John Musgrave & Sons J & W McNaught Petrie of Rochdale William Roberts & Co of Nelson George Saxon Scott & Hodgson Urmson & Thompson Yates of Blackburn Yates & Thom Willans & Robinson J & E Wood Woolstenhulmes & Rye

Machinery makers	Brooks & Doxey Butterworth & Dickinson Curtis, Parr & Walton Dobson & Barlow John Hetherington & Sons Joseph Hibbert John Pilling and Sons Harling & Todd Howard & Bullough Geo. Hattersley Asa Lees Mather & Platt Parr, Curtis & Madely British Northrop Loom Co Pemberton & Co Platt Brothers Taylor, Lang & Co Textile Machinery Makers Tweedales & Smalley T. Wildman & Sons

Mill owners	Elkanah Armitage Henry Ashworth Hugh Birley Hugh Hornby Birley Joseph Brotherton James Burton Peter Drinkwater Nathaniel Eckersley John Fielden William Gray Richard Howarth William Houldsworth John Kennedy Charles Macintosh Hugh Mason Samuel Oldknow Robert Peel John Rylands

Limited companies	Oldham Limiteds Fine Spinners and Doublers Lancashire Cotton Corporation Combined Egyptian Mills Ltd Courtaulds Bagley & Wright

Industrial processes	Textile manufacturing Cotton-spinning machinery Dref Friction Spinning Dandy loom Magnetic ring spinning Open end spinning Ring spinning Spinning frame Spinning jenny Spinning mule Steaming Water frame Roberts Loom Lancashire Loom Lancashire boiler

Associations	Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine) Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union Amalgamated Weavers' Association Burnley, Nelson, Rossendale and District Textile Workers' Union General Union of Loom Overlookers Northern Textile and Allied Workers' Union National Union of Textile and Allied Workers The Textile Institute United Textile Factory Workers' Association

Employment practices	More looms Kissing the shuttle Mule spinners' cancer Piece-rate list

Lists of mills	LCC mills Bolton Bury Cheshire Derbyshire Lancashire Manchester Oldham (borough) Preston Rochdale Salford Stockport Tameside Wigan Yorkshire

Museums	Bancroft Shed Helmshore Mills Queen Street Mill Weavers' Triangle Quarry Bank Mill, Styal

Pioneers	Richard Arkwright Samuel Crompton James Hargreaves Thomas Highs John Kay (flying shuttle) John Kay (spinning frame) Robert Owen

Lancashire Cotton Corporation

Bury	Pilot Mill, Bury Wilton Mill, Radcliffe

Bolton	Ainsworth Mill, Breightmet Bolton Union Mill, Bolton Century Mill, Farnworth

Lancashire	Coppull Mill Imperial Mill, Blackburn Mavis Mill

Manchester and Salford	Brunswick Mill, Ancoats May Mill, Pemberton Monton Mill, Eccles

Oldham	Ace Mill, Hollinwood Blackridings Mill, Oldham Dawn Mill, Shaw Fox Mill, Hollinwood Hawk Mill, Shaw Heron Mill, Hollinwood Junction Mill, Middleton Junction Kent Mill, Chadderton Laurel Mill, Middleton Junction Magnet Mill, Chadderton Majestic Mill, Waterhead Manor Mill, Chadderton Newby Mill, Shaw Orme Mill, Waterhead Regent Mill, Failsworth Royd Mill, Oldham Royton Ring Mill, Royton Rutland Mill, Shaw Textile Mill, Chadderton Trent Mill, Shaw

Rochdale	Arkwright Mill, Rochdale Harp Mill, Castleton Malta Mill, Middleton Mars Mill, Castleton

Stockport	Elder Mill, Romiley Kingston Mill, Stockport Palmer Mills, Stockport Vernon Mill, Stockport Welkin Mill, Lower Bredbury

Tameside	Atlas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Cedar Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Rock Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Saxon Mill, Droylsden Stalybridge Mill, Stalybridge Texas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Tudor Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne

Wigan	Empress Mill, Ince May Mill, Pemberton Trencherfield Mill

West Yorkshire	Foxsons Mill, Staincliffe Mons Mill, Todmorden

References

1 2 LCC 1951
↑ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, Places names - O to R, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 9 July 2007
↑ New Moston History Society "Rochdale Canal". Retrieved 16 December 2007.
1 2 . McNeil, R.; Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
↑ Williams & Farnie 1992, p. 44
↑ http://www.link4life.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=c.showPage&pageID=651 Home - Link4Life (Rochdale Boroughwide Cultural Trust)
↑ Dunkerley 2009
↑ Ayala, Beatriz (14 December 2004), "Memories of Marland fall to the ground", Rochdale Observer (M.E.N. Media)

Bibliography

Dunkerley, Philip (2009). "Dunkerley-Tuson Family Website, The Regent Cotton Mill, Failsworth". Retrieved 9 January 2009.
LCC (1951). The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited. Blackfriars House, Manchester: Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited.
Roberts, A S (1921), "Arthur Robert's Engine List", Arthur Roberts Black Book. (One guy from Barlick-Book Transcription), retrieved 11 January 2009

External links

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