Martin Chittenden

Martin Chittenden
Member of the United States House of Representatives from Vermont's 4th district
In office March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1813
Succeeded by	Charles Rich
7th Governor of Vermont
In office October 23, 1813 – October 14, 1815
Preceded by	Jonas Galusha
Succeeded by	Jonas Galusha
Member of the Vermont House of Representatives
In office 1790–1796
Personal details
Born	March 12, 1763 Salisbury, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	September 5, 1840 (aged 77) Williston, Vermont, U.S.
Political party	Federalist
Spouse(s)	Anna Bentley[1]
Profession	Politician, Judge

Martin Chittenden (March 12, 1763 – September 5, 1840) was an American politician from Vermont. He served as a United States Representative from 1803 to 1813 and as the seventh Governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815, during a crucial portion of the War of 1812.

Biography

Chittenden was born in Salisbury, Connecticut to Thomas Chittenden and Elizabeth Meigs Chittenden. He moved to Vermont in 1776 in the wake of the founding of the town of Williston by his father Thomas Chittenden.^[2] Martin Chittenden attended Mares School and in 1789 graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.

After graduating from Dartmouth College, Chittenden moved to Jericho, Vermont and was involved in agricultural and mercantile pursuits. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in October 1789, and in 1791 he served as a delegate to the state convention that ratified the United States Constitution.^[3] He served as aide-de-camp to Lieutenant Governor Peter Olcott in 1790,^[4] and from 1790 until 1793 he served as clerk of the county court of Chittenden County, Vermont.

Chittenden served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1790 until 1796.^[5] He was judge of the Chittenden County Court from 1793 until 1795,^[6] and served as Chief Justice of the Chittenden County Court from 1796 until 1813. He was the first census collector for Chittenden County.

Militarily, he was captain of the First Militia in Jericho in 1793, lieutenant colonel of the First Regiment in 1794, brigadier general in 1799 and major general from 1799 until 1803.^[7]

Chittenden was elected as a Federalist Party (United States) candidate to the Eighth Congress and was reelected to the Ninth Congress, Tenth Congress, Eleventh Congress and Twelfth Congress, serving from March 4, 1803 until March 3, 1813.^[8]

He was elected Governor of Vermont in 1813, replacing his brother-in-law, Jonas Galusha,^[9] who was also his successor in the post. Chittenden served as Governor from October 23, 1813 until October 14, 1815.^[10] He was the last Federalist governor of Vermont.^[11] During his term as governor, fighting between American and British forces was fierce on the current United States–Canada border. In November 1813, conscious of the British encroachment on Plattsburgh, New York, members of the Vermont militia asked Chittenden to let them intervene. Chittenden declined, though the militia leaders claimed that this was the result of pressure from his advisers.

After his retirement from elected office, Chittenden served as town representative of Williston and as a probate judge from 1821 until 1823.^[12]

Family life

Chittenden's father, Thomas Chittenden, was the first Governor of Vermont.^[13]

He was the brother in law of Matthew Lyon and Jonas Galusha. Lyon married Martin Chittenden's sister Beulah (1764–1824),^[14] and Jonas Galusha's four wives (all of whom predeceased him) included Chittenden's sister Mary (1758–1794).^[15]

Martin Chittenden was the uncle of Matthew Lyons' son Chittenden Lyon, a United States Representative from Kentucky.^[16]

Death and burial

Chittenden died on September 5, 1840 in Williston, Vermont in 1840. He is interred at the Thomas Chittenden Cemetery in Williston.^[17]

References

1. "Martin Chittenden". Family Origins. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
2. "Our Town History". Williston Historical Society. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
3. The Political Register and Congressional Directory: A Statistical Record of the Federal Officials, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, of the United States of America, 1776-1878. Houghton, Osgood. 1878. p. 329.
4. Payne Kenyon Kilbourne, Biographical History of the County of Litchfield, Connecticut, 1851, page 90
5. "CHITTENDEN, Martin, (1763 - 1840)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
6. Gazetteer and Business Directory of Chittenden County, Vermont, for 1882-83. Journal Office. 1882. p. 53.
7. "Martin Chittenden". Find A Grave. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
8. "Rep. Martin Chittenden". Govtrack.us. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
9. "Martin Chittenden (1763-1840)". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
10. "Vermont Governor Martin Chittenden". National Governors Association. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
11. Duffy, John J. an Samuel B. Hand (2003). The Vermont Encyclopedia. UPNE. p. 85.
12. Duffy, John J. an Samuel B. Hand (2003). The Vermont Encyclopedia. UPNE. p. 85.
13. "Thomas Chittenden". Find A Grave. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
14. James Fairfax McLaughlin, Matthew Lyon, the Hampden of Congress, 1900, page 89
15. Pliny H. White, Jonas Galusha: The Fifth Governor of Vermont, Addresses Delivered Before the Vermont Historical Society, 1866, page 32
16. "LYON, Chittenden, (1787 - 1842)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
17. "Thomas Chittenden". Find A Grave. Retrieved November 15, 2012.

Further reading

• "The Vermont Encyclopedia" by John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, Ralph H. Orth; published by UPNE, August 2003.

External links

• Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Find A Grave: Martin Chittenden
• National Governors Association: Vermont Governor Martin Chittenden
• Vermont.gov
• The Political Graveyard: Thomas Chittenden (1730-1797)
• The Political Graveyard: Chittenden family of Vermont and Connecticut
• Govtrack.us: Rep. Martin Chittenden
• Correspondence of Martin Chittenden