Member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
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Members Observers Dialogue Partners Observer applicants Disputed territories
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is an international alliance that consists of 6 member states and 5 observers from Eurasia. It was established on 26 April 1996 as Shanghai Five. Of the 6 member states and 5 observers, SCO currently also have 3 dialogue partners and 3 guest attendance entries.
Member states
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | China People's Republic of China | Beijing | 9,640,011 | 1,374,820,000 | 139.6 | 13,224 | 0.727 | Renminbi (Chinese yuan, ¥) (CNY) | Standard Chinese[3] written in simplified characters[3] see also languages of China | Head of State: Xi Jinping Head of Government: Li Keqiang | 1996-04-26 |
 | Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan | Astana | 2,724,900 | 17,670,900 | 5.94 | 24,108 | 0.788 | Kazakhstani tenge (₸) (KZT) | Kazakh (National) Russian | Head of State: Nursultan Nazarbayev Head of Government: Serik Akhmetov | 1996-04-26 |
 | Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz Republic | Bishkek | 199,900 | 6,008,600 | 27.4 | 3,262 | 0.655 | Kyrgyzstani som (KGS) | Kyrgyz (National) Russian | Head of State: Almazbek Atambayev Head of Government: Temir Sariev | 1996-04-26 |
 | Russia Russian Federation | Moscow | 17,075,400 | 146,519,759 | 8.3 | 24,449 | 0.798 | Russian ruble (₽) (RUB) | Russian also see Languages of Russia | Head of State: Vladimir Putin Head of Government: Dmitry Medvedev | 1996-04-26 |
 | Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan | Dushanbe | 143,100 | 8,352,000 | 48.6 | 2,698 | 0.624 | Tajikistani somoni (TJS) | Tajik Persian | Head of State: Emomalii Rahmon Head of Government: Oqil Oqilov | 1996-04-26 |
 | Uzbekistan Republic of Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 447,400 | 31,022,500 | 61.4 | 5,630 | 0.675 | Uzbekistani som (UZS) | Uzbek | Head of State: Islam Karimov Head of Government: Shavkat Mirziyoyev | 2001-06-15 |
Observer states
Except for Afghanistan, the observers are due to be accorded full member status at the 2014 SCO summit.[4]
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | Kabul | 652,230 | 27,101,365 | 43.5 | 1,944 | 0.465 | Afghan afghani (AFN) | Pashto Dari | Head of State and Government: Hamid Karzai | 2012-06-07 |
 | Belarus Republic of Belarus | Minsk | 207,595 | 9,498,700 | 45.8 | 18,246 | 0.798 | Belarusian ruble (BYR) | Belarusian Russian | Head of State: Alexander Lukashenko Head of Government: Mikhail Myasnikovich | 2010-04-28 |
 | India[Note 1] Republic of India | New Delhi | 3,287,240 | 1,284,480,000 | 364.4 | 5,808 | 0.609 | Indian rupee (₹) (INR) | Hindi (Devanagari script), English also see Languages of India | Head of State: Pranab Mukherjee Head of Government: Narendra Modi | 2005-06-23 |
 | Iran Islamic Republic of Iran | Tehran | 1,648,195 | 79,011,700 | 48.0 | 17,443 | 0.766 | Iranian rial (IRR) | Persian | Head of State and Government: Ali Khamenei & Hassan Rouhani | 2005-06-23 |
 | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 1,564,115 | 3,067,550 | 1.75 | 11,919 | 0.727 | Mongolian tögrög (₮) (MNT) | Mongolian | Head of State: Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Head of Government: Norovyn Altankhuyag | 2004-06-17 |
 | Pakistan[Note 1] Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Islamabad | 796,095 | 192,779,818 | 214.3 | 4,749 | 0.538 | Pakistani rupee (PKR) | Urdu (National) English | Head of State: Mamnoon Husain Head of Government: Nawaz Sharif | 2005-06-23 |
- Notes
Dialogue partner entries
| Flag | Country | Capital | Area (km²) | Population (2016) | Density (/km²) | GDP per cap. (PPP)[1] | HDI[2] | Currency | Official languages | Leaders | Status gained |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Armenia Republic of Armenia | Yerevan | 29,743 | 2,998,600 | 102.0 | 8,164 | 0.733 | Armenian dram (AMD) | Armenian | Head of State: Serzh Sargsyan Head of Government: Hovik Abrahamyan | 2015-07-10 |
 | Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan | Baku | 86,600 | 9,696,800 | 109.0 | 17,761 | 0.751 | Azerbaijani manat (AZN) | Azeri | Head of State: Ilham Aliyev Head of Government: Artur Rasizade | 2015-07-10 |
 | Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia | Phnom Penh | 181,035 | 15,626,444 | 84.0 | 3,276 | 0.555 | Cambodian riel (KHR) | Khmer | Monarch: Norodom Sihamoni Head of Government: Hun Sen | 2015-07-10 |
 | Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | Kathmandu | 147,181 | 28,431,500 | 180.0 | 2,388 | 0.548 | Nepalese rupee (NPR) | Nepali | Head of State: Bidhya Devi Bhandari Head of Government: Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli | 2015-07-10 |
 | Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) Colombo (Commercial) | 65,610 | 20,966,000 | 309.0 | 10,410 | 0.757 | Sri Lankan rupee (LKR) | Sinhalese Tamil | Head of State and Government: Maithripala Sirisena | 2009-06-16 |
 | Turkey Republic of Turkey | Ankara | 783,562 | 78,741,053 | 102.0 | 19,698 | 0.761 | Turkish lira (TRY) | Turkish | Head of State: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Head of Government: Ahmet Davutoğlu | 2012-06-07 |
Future participation
Observers India and Pakistan have been approved for membership, and are expected to join by 2016.[5] Observer Iran has also submitted an application for full membership.[6] Meanwhile, in 2012 Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka applied for observer status within the organization.[7] Egypt[8] and Syria has also submitted an application for observer status,[6] while Egypt, Maldives and Ukraine[9] have applied for dialogue partner status.[10][11]
Guest attendance entries
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
- Turkmenistan
References
- 1 2 3 at purchasing power parity, per capita, in international dollars (rounded IMF 2012)
- 1 2 3 at Human Development Index (New 2013 Estimates for 2012)
- 1 2 Law of the People's Republic of China on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language (Order of the President No.37)
- ↑ http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25830/53/
- 1 2 "India, Pakistan become full SCO members". The Hindu. 2015-07-11. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
will technically become a member by next year after completion of certain procedures
- 1 2 "Syria applies for observer status at Shanghai security bloc — Russian Foreign Ministry". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-07-11.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan asks to join a new alliance of China and Russia".
- ↑ "Syria, Egypt may join Shanghai Cooperation Organization as observers". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
- ↑ "Kiev Request For SCO Partner Status Still in Force".
- ↑ "Egypt applies to become dialogue partner of Shanghai security bloc — Kremlin aide". Russian News Agency TASS. 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan intends to become SCO observer". 2015-02-10. Retrieved 2015-08-15.
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