Michael Hayden (general)
| Michael Hayden | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 20th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency | |
|
In office May 30, 2006 – February 12, 2009 | |
| President |
George W. Bush Barack Obama |
| Preceded by | Porter Goss |
| Succeeded by | Leon Panetta |
| Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence | |
|
In office April 21, 2005 – May 30, 2006 | |
| President | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Ronald Burgess (Acting) |
| 15th Director of the National Security Agency | |
|
In office March 1999 – April 21, 2005 | |
| President |
Bill Clinton George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Kenneth Minihan |
| Succeeded by | Keith Alexander |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Michael Vincent Hayden March 17, 1945 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Duquesne University |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 United States |
| Service/branch |
 United States Air Force |
| Years of service | 1967–2008 |
| Rank |
 General |
| Battles/wars | War on Terror |
| Awards |
Defense Distinguished Service Medal (2) Defense Superior Service Medal (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Meritorious Service Medal (2) |
Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945) is a retired United States Air Force four-star general and former Director of the National Security Agency, Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Hayden currently co-chairs the Bipartisan Policy Center's Electric Grid Cyber Security Initiative.[1]
He was Director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1999 to 2005. During his tenure as director, he oversaw the controversial NSA surveillance of technological communications between persons in the United States and alleged foreign terrorist groups, which resulted in the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.
On April 21, 2005, then Lt. Gen Hayden, was confirmed by the United States Senate as the first Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence and awarded his fourth star-making him "the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces".[2] He served in this position under DNI John Negroponte until May 26, 2006.
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated for the position of CIA Director following the May 5 resignation of Porter J. Goss, and on May 23 the Senate Intelligence Committee voted 12–3 to send the nomination to the Senate floor. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26 by a vote of 78–15. On May 30, 2006 and again the following day at the CIA lobby with President George W. Bush in attendance, Hayden was sworn in as the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
On July 1, 2008, Hayden retired from the Air Force after over 41 years of service and continued to serve as Director of the CIA until 12 February 2009.[3] He received an honorary doctorate from the Institute of World Politics in Washington, DC in 2009. He is currently a principal at the Chertoff Group, a security consultancy co-founded by former Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff.[4] Hayden also serves as a Distinguished Visiting Professor at George Mason University School of Public Policy and was elected to the Board of Directors of Motorola Solutions effective January 4, 2011.[5]
Early life, career, and family
Michael Vincent Hayden was born on St. Patrick's Day in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to an Irish-American couple, Sadie (Murray) and Harry V. Hayden, Jr.,[6] who worked as a welder for a Pennsylvania manufacturing company. He has a sister, Debby, and a brother, Harry.
He went to St. Peter's Elementary school where, in 7th and 8th grade he played quarterback on the school football team then being coached by Dan Rooney, the son of the founder of the Pittsburgh Steelers, and current Chairman of the team. Michael Hayden graduated from North Catholic High School. One of Hayden's first jobs was as an equipment manager for the Steelers.[7] Hayden went on to Duquesne University in Pittsburgh where he earned a B.A. in history in 1967 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He then attended graduate school at Duquesne for an M.A. in modern American History. He continues to be an avid fan of the hometown Pittsburgh Steelers, since the 1990s travelling with his wife and family to at least 3–4 games a year.[7]
He was commissioned through University of Pittsburgh's Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps program.[8] Hayden entered active military service in 1969.
Hayden has served as commander of the Air Intelligence Agency and Director of the Joint Command and Control Warfare Center, both headquartered at Lackland Air Force Base. He also has served in senior staff positions in the Pentagon; Headquarters U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany; the National Security Council, Washington, D.C., and the U.S. Embassy in the then-People's Republic of Bulgaria. Prior to his current assignment, the general served as deputy chief of staff for United Nations Command and U.S. Forces Korea, Yongsan Garrison. He has also worked in intelligence in Guam.
He is married to Jeanine Carrier, and they have a daughter and two sons, Margaret, Michael and Liam.
Intelligence career
Air Intelligence Agency
From 1996 to 1997, Hayden served as Commander of the AIA, an agency of 16,000 charged with defending and exploiting the "information domain."[9]
National Security Agency
Hayden served as the Director of the National Security Agency and Chief of the Central Security Service at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland from March 1999 to April 2005. As the Director of NSA and Chief of CSS, he was responsible for a combat support agency of the Department of Defense with military and civilian personnel stationed worldwide.[10]
Strategy for the NSA
Hayden came to the NSA at a time of great trouble in the agency. Internal government analysis indicated it suffered from a lack of quality management and an outdated IT infrastructure. In fact soon after he came on board, a huge part of the NSA network system crashed and was down for several days. Part of his plan to revitalize the agency was to introduce more outside contractors, induce a lot of old managers to retire and get rid of old management structures. Part of his plan also included increased openness at the agency; it had historically been one of the most secretive organs of government. He notably allowed James Bamford access for his book Body of Secrets.[11] Hayden was also initially extremely concerned with following the laws against domestic surveillance. Many reports say that after 9/11, he became more concerned with stopping terrorism, and allegedly softened his stance against domestic surveillance.[11][12][13][14] Hayden however has said that he believed everything the agency was doing was "effective, appropriate, and lawful".[15]
On 9/11, Hayden immediately evacuated all non-essential personnel from NSA headquarters. After 9/11, the agency greatly increased its activity. Details about its operations have been largely hidden, but it played a major role in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the Global war on terror. One notable example is its relationship with the Unmanned aerial vehicle 'drone' program.[16]
Wiretaps of domestic communication
In May 2006, USA Today reported that, under Hayden's leadership, the NSA created a domestic telephone call database. During his nomination hearings, Hayden defended his actions to Senator Russ Feingold and others, stating that he had relied upon legal advice from the White House that building the database was supported by Article Two of the United States Constitution executive branch powers (in which the President must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed"), overriding legislative branch statutes forbidding warrantless surveillance of domestic calls, which included the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). Previously, this action would have required a warrant from a FISA court. The stated purpose of the database was to eavesdrop on international communications between persons within the U.S. and individuals and groups overseas in order to locate terrorists.[17]
Trailblazer
Hayden also championed the Trailblazer Project, a "transformation" project with a large Information Technology component. The project was criticized by several NSA staffers for not including privacy protections for US citizens and for being a waste of money. The critics included Diane S Roark, of the House Intelligence Committee, NSA workers Thomas Andrews Drake, Binney, Wiebe, and Loomis, and others. Hayden severely rebuked these critics. Several quit in protest. After investigations by the NSA inspector general, the DOD inspector general, and Congress, Trailblazer was shut down.[15]
Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
As part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the CIA chief no longer would run the intelligence community. Instead a new office was created for this purpose; the Director of National Intelligence. General Hayden became the Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence from May 2005 to May 2006 under the first DNI, John Negroponte.
Civil liberties
On January 23, 2006, General Hayden participated in a news conference.[18] A YouTube video[19] was posted of Michael Hayden telling reporters at a press conference that "probable cause" is not required by the Fourth Amendment, indicating instead that the standard is whether the search or seizure is reasonable.
Hayden referred to people who believed that enhanced interrogation techniques used against CIA detainees have never yielded useful intelligence, as "interrogation deniers".[20]
Hayden authorized spying and human experimentation -- including the use of high-powered microwave weapons -- on American citizens to continue in the wake of the firing of Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne, according to one highly credentialed former NASA, Department of Defense, and CIA scientist. [Duncan, Robert, P., "Project: Soul Catcher, Vol. 2, Secrets of Cyber and Cybernetic Warfare Revealed, Higher Order Thinkers Publishing, Boise.]
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
On May 8, 2006, Hayden was nominated by President George W. Bush to be Director of the Central Intelligence Agency after the resignation of Porter J. Goss on May 5, 2006.[21] He was later confirmed on May 26, 2006 as Director, 78–15, by full U.S. Senate vote.[22]
Critics of the nomination and Hayden's attempts to increase domestic surveillance included Senator Dianne Feinstein who stated on May 11, 2006 that "I happen to believe we are on our way to a major constitutional confrontation on Fourth Amendment guarantees of unreasonable search and seizure".[23]
In 2007, Hayden lobbied to allow the CIA to conduct drone strikes purely on the behavior of ground vehicles, with no further evidence of connection to terrorism.[24]
In 2008 Hayden warned from the destabilizing consequences of Muslim migration to Europe that might raise the possibility of civil unrest.[25]
In 2013, after the P5+1 reached a nuclear agreement with Iran, Hayden said, "We have accepted Iranian uranium enrichment."[26]
Military career
Awards and decorations
 Master Intelligence Badge |
 Presidential Service Badge |
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Effective dates of promotion
| Insignia | Rank | Date |
|---|---|---|
| General | April 22, 2005 |
 | Lieutenant General | May 1, 1999 |
 | Major General | October 1, 1996 |
 | Brigadier General | September 1, 1993 |
 | Colonel | November 1, 1990 |
 | Lieutenant Colonel | February 1, 1985 |
 | Major | June 1, 1980 |
 | Captain | December 7, 1971 |
 | First Lieutenant | June 7, 1970 |
 | Second Lieutenant | June 2, 1967 |
Quotes
- We kill people based on metadata. But that's not what we do with this metadata. The Johns Hopkins Foreign Affairs Symposium - 01.04.2014
Honors
His native Northside neighborhood of Pittsburgh renamed a major highway leading to Heinz Field in his honor.[30]
On 26 July 2011, Hayden was inducted into the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Alumni in a ceremony at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, officiated by Lt. Gen. Allen G. Peck, Commander, Air University.[8]
His publications
- Hayden, Michael V. Playing to the Edge: American Intelligence in the Age of Terror. New York: Penguin Press, 2016. ISBN 9781594206566
See also
- United States Air Force portal
- Intelligence portal
References
- ↑ "New Collaboration at the Bipartisan Policy Center Confronts the Issues of Cybersecurity Governance and the Electric Power Sector".
- ↑ "Biographies : GENERAL MICHAEL V. HAYDEN". Af.mil. Archived from the original on 2012-07-22. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ↑ Hayden announces his retirement from the Air Force, April 23, 2008
- ↑ Chertoff Group (2009). General Michael V. Hayden. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
- ↑ Motorola Solutions Announces New Board of Directors Effective Jan. 4. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
- ↑ "Harry V. Hayden Jr. Obituary: View Harry Hayden's Obituary by Pittsburgh Tribune Review". Pittsburgh Tribune Review.
- 1 2 "Mike Wise – Mike Wise: The Spy Who Loved Rooney". Washingtonpost.com. 2008-11-03. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- 1 2 Ceremony program, Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps Distinguished Alumni Induction, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, 26 July 2011, page 5.
- ↑ [July 1997 Popular Science] Information Warriors of the 609th Popular Science July 1997 on Google Books (needs expanding)
- ↑ Hayden Faces Senate and CIA Hurdles if Named: General Has Streak Of Independence And Nonconformity May 7, 2006
- 1 2 James Bamford, Body of Secrets, Doubleday, 2001
- ↑ Gen. Hayden Statement to Congress – see section 27 Archived March 31, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ EFF class action suit Archived April 21, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Remarks By General Michael V. Hayden: What American Intelligence & Especially The NSA Have Been Doing To Defend The Nation] Jan 23, 2006, his testimony that, "One senior executive confided that the data management needs we outlined to him were larger than any he had previously seen".
- 1 2 The Secret Sharer, Jane Mayer, The New Yorker, May 23, 2011, retrieved 2011 May 16
- ↑ James Bamford, The Shadow Factory, 2008, Doubleday
- ↑ John Pike. "Remarks By General Michael V. Hayden: What American Intelligence & Especially The NSA Have Been Doing To Defend The Nation".
- ↑ Democracy Now! coverage of the January 23 National Press Club meeting., September 7, 2010
- ↑ Michael Hayden: "probable cause" is not in the 4th Amendment on YouTube, September 7, 2010
- ↑ Birthers, Truthers and Interrogation Deniers, Michael Hayden, June 2011, Wall Street Journal
- ↑ Hayden named as Bush CIA choice 8 May 2006
- ↑ U.S. Senate: Legislation & Records Home > Votes > Roll Call Vote May 26, 2006
- ↑ Bush says U.S. not 'trolling through personal lives', CNN, May 12, 2006
- ↑ Porter, Gareth. "CIA's Push for Drone War Driven by Internal Needs." IPS, 5 September 2011.
- ↑ Joby Warrick (April 30, 2008). "CIA Chief Sees Unrest Rising With Population". The Washington Post.
- ↑ Seher, Jason. "Former CIA head: U.S. has 'accepted Iranian uranium enrichment'". CNN. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
- 1 2 Paul Bedard (January 16, 2009). "CIA's Hayden, Kappes Receive National Security Medal From Bush". usnews.com. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
- ↑ "It's an Honour". Itsanhonour.gov.au. 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ↑ , King Honours Intelligence Chiefs
- ↑ Bedard, Paul (2008-07-29). "CIA Director Michael Hayden's Post at the Steelers' Heinz Field – Washington Whispers". usnews.com. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Hayden (general). |
- CFR.org: A Conversation with Michael V. Hayden (Audio)
- Official Air Force biography
- Official CIA Biography
- Official NSA biography
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Michael Hayden at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Michael Hayden in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Michael V. Hayden collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Michael Hayden at SourceWatch
- Statement for the record by Lieutenant General Michael V. Hayden, USAF, Director, National Security Agency / Chief, Central Security Service before the Joint inquiry of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, 17 October 2002
- The Next Battlefield: On Cyber War at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library recorded on September 26, 2014
- Institute of World Politics
- Articles
- Minneapolis StarTribune biography
- Baltimore Sun article August 8, 2004
- New York Times article February 17, 2005
- Democracy Now! coverage of the January 23, 2006 National Press Club meeting. Johnathan Lindsay asks about probable cause at 18:30.
- IndyMedia article on stophayden.org, the first campaign to block Hayden's confirmation as Director of the CIA, launched in May 2006
- Statement of Senator Dianne Feinstein On the Nomination of General Michael Hayden as Director of the CIA, 8 May 2006
- Unwarranted Criticism: General Hayden's reading of the Fourth Amendment is correct, and his critics are mistaken. May 10, 2006
- Thinker, Briefer, Soldier, Spy, Time Magazine, May 15, 2006
- US Senate vote record of Hayden's nomination, 26 May 2006
- Former CIA Dir. Gen. Michael Hayden defended controversial CIA tactics of rectal-feeding / hydration - International Business Times, December 14, 2014
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Kenneth Minihan |
Director of the National Security Agency 1999–2003 |
Succeeded by Keith Alexander |
| New office | Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence 2005–2006 |
Succeeded by Ronald Burgess Acting |
| Preceded by Porter Goss |
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency 2006–2009 |
Succeeded by Leon Panetta |
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