Military production during World War II

Women metalworkers during the siege of Leningrad
Russian women working in city factory at the height of the Siege of Leningrad.
Assembly line of Messerschmitt Bf 109G-6s fighters in a German aircraft factory.

Military production during World War II includes the arms, ammunitions, natural resources, personnel and financing which were mobilized for the war. Military production, in this article, means everything produced by the belligerents from the occupation of Austria in early 1938 to the surrender and occupation of Japan in late 1945.

The mobilization of funds, people, natural resources and matériel for the production and supply of military equipment and military forces during World War II was a critical component of the war effort. During the conflict, the Allies outpaced the Axis powers in most production categories. Access to the funding and industrial resources necessary to sustain the war effort was linked to their respective economic and political alliances. As formerly neutral powers (such as the United States) joined the escalating conflict, territory changed hands, combatants were defeated, the balance of power shifted in favour of the Allies (as did the means to sustain the military production required to win the war).

Historical context

German-language poster illustrating wartime production
German poster entitled "Designing and Building the East".

During the 1930s, political forces in Germany increased their financial investment in the military to develop the armed forces required to support near- and long-term political and territorial goals. Germany's economic, scientific, research and industrial capabilities were one of the most technically advanced in the world at the time and supported a rapidly growing, innovative military. However, access to (and control of) resources and production capacity required to entertain long-term goals (such as European control, German territorial expansion and the destruction of the USSR) were limited. Political demands necessitated the expansion of Germany's control of natural and human resources, industrial capacity and farmland beyond its borders. Germany's military production was tied to resources outside its area of control, a dynamic not found amongst the Allies.

In 1938 the British Commonwealth was a global superpower, with political and economic control of a quarter of the world's population, industry and resources. From 1938 to mid-1942, the British coordinated the Allied effort in all global theatres. They fought the German, Italian, Japanese and Vichy armies, air forces and navies across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, India, the Mediterranean and in the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic Oceans. British forces destroyed Italian armies in North and East Africa and occupied overseas colonies of occupied European nations. Following engagements with Axis forces, British Empire troops occupied Libya, Italian Somaliland, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran and Iraq. The Empire funded and delivered needed supplies by Arctic convoys to the USSR, and supported Free French forces to recapture French Equatorial Africa. Britain also established governments in exile in London to rally support in occupied Europe for the Allied effort. The British defeated, held back or slowed the Axis powers for three years while mobilizing their globally integrated economy and industrial infrastructure to build what became, by 1942, the most extensive military apparatus of the war. This allowed their later allies (such as the United States) to mobilise their economies and develop the military forces required to play a role in the war effort, and for the British to go on the offensive in its theatres of operation.[1][2]

Mushroom-shaped cloud
The first atomic bomb.

The entry of the United States into the war in late 1941 injected financial, human and industrial resources into Allied operations. Like the Commonwealth countries, the US produced more than its own military forces required and armed itself and its allies for the most industrialized war in history.[3] At the beginning of the war, the British and French placed large orders for aircraft with American manufacturers and the US Congress approved plans to increase its air forces by 3,000 planes. In May 1940, Franklin D. Roosevelt called for the production of 185,000 aeroplanes, 120,000 tanks, 55,000 anti-aircraft guns and 18 million tons of merchant shipping in two years. Adolf Hitler was told by his advisors that this was American propaganda; in 1939, annual aircraft production for the US military was less than 3,000 planes. By the end of the war US factories had produced 300,000 planes,[4][5] and by 1944 had produced two-thirds of the Allied military equipment used in the war—bringing military forces into play in North and South America, the Caribbean, the Atlantic, Western Europe and the Pacific.

The U.S. produced large quantities of military equipment into late 1945, including nuclear weapons, and became one of the strongest, most technically advanced military forces in the world. In addition to out-producing the Axis, the Allies produced technological innovations; through the Tizard Mission, British contributions included radar (instrumental in winning the Battle of Britain), sonar (improving their ability to sink U-boats), and the proximity fuze; the Americans led the Manhattan Project (which eliminated the need to invade Japan). The proximity fuze, for example, was five times as effective as contact or timed fuzes and was devastating in naval use against Japanese aircraft and so effective against German ground troops that General George S. Patton said it "won the Battle of the Bulge for us."[6]

The human and social costs of the war on the population of the USSR were immense, with combat deaths alone in the millions. Recognising the importance of their population and industrial production to the war effort, the USSR evacuated the majority of its European territory—moving 2,500 factories, 17 million people and great quantities of resources to the east.[7] Out of German reach, the USSR produced equipment and forces critical to the Axis defeat in Europe. Over one million women served in the Soviet armed forces.

Overhead view of assembly lines in large airplane factory
Assembly line production of fighter aircraft near Niagara Falls, New York.

The statistics below illustrate the extent to which the Allies outproduced the Axis. Production of machine tools tripled, and thousands of ships were built in shipyards which did not exist before the war.[8] According to William S. Knudsen, "We won because we smothered the enemy in an avalanche of production, the like of which he had never seen, nor dreamed possible."[9]

Access to resources and large, controlled international labour pools and the ability to build arms in relative peace were critical to the eventual victory of the Allies. According to Donald Douglas (founder of the Douglas Aircraft Company), "Here's proof that free men can out-produce slaves."[10]

Production summaries 1939–1945

Personnel

Service Allies Axis
Combat 25 24
Auxiliary x23 x22
Merchant Marine x21 x20
Irregulars x19 x18
Total 80,000,000 30,000,000

Major weapons groups

System Allies Axis
Tanks, self-propelled artillery, vehicles 4,358,649 670,288
Artillery, mortars, guns 6,792,696 1,363,491
Aircraft 637,248 229,331
Missiles 0 45,458
Ships 54,932 1,670

Economy

In billions of international dollars, at 2014 prices.

Service Allies Axis
GDP 22,770,790,872.32 10,268,201,776.37
Expenditure

[11]

Vital commerce and raw materials

To move raw materials and supply distant forces, large numbers of cargo ships had to be built
Category Allies Axis
Cargo ships 47,118 x
Merchant shipping 46,817,172 5,621,967
Coal 4,581,400,000 2,629,900,000
Crude oil 1,043,000,000 66,000,000
Steel 733,006,633 x
Aluminium 5,104,697 1,199,150
Asbestos 3,934,043 x

Production overview: service, power and type

Land forces

Power Tanks & SPGs Armoured vehicles Other vehicles Artillery Mortars Machine guns Personnel
British Empire47,86247,4201,475,521226,113239,5401,090,41011,192,533
USA and territories102,4102,382,311257,390105,0552,679,84010,000,000
USSR106,025197,100516,648200,3001,477,40034,401,807
Other
Allies256,29747,4204,054,9321,000,151544,8955,247,650
Germany and territories67,429345,914159,14773,484674,2801,000,730 16,540,835
Hungary9084474,583
Romania912512,80010,000
Italian Empire3,36883,0007,20022,000
Japanese Empire4,524165,94513,35029,000380,000
Other
Axis

Air forces

Power Total Fighters Attack Bombers Recon Transport Training Other Personnel
British Empire 177,02538,78633,81138,1587,01412,58546,2564151,927,395
USA and territories 324,00099,000 97,000 23,90057,000 2,400,000
USSR 136,22322,30137,54921,116 17,3324,061
Other
Allies637,248164,08771,360156,2747,01452,917107,317420
Germany and territories 133,38757,6538,99128,5775,0258,39614,31111,3613,402,200
Romania 1,113513272128020000
Italian Empire 13,4026,157343,3813882,4719683
Japanese Empire 71,58026,54821,63913,8393,7091,0733,4201,376
Other 9,84988143953181,8805,14557
Axis229,33891,75230,93646,32011,0029,17622,94412,794

Naval forces

Power Total large ships Carriers Battleships Cruisers Destroyers Frigates Corvettes Sloops Patrol boats Submarines De/ Mining Landing craft Personnel
British Empire89041(24)6[note 1]102291209387334,2092381,2449,5381,227,415
USA and territories6,771124(101)84834924535,000x
USSR2[note 2]22552
Other
Allies 165(125)16 152665209 38733 4,2095681,24444,538
Germany & territories12171,1525401,500,000
Italian Empire136663
Japanese Empire182963199
Romania21
Other
Axis'''''''1,416

Commercial forces

British Empire USA USSR Germany Hungary Italy Japan Romania
Harbour craft 1,092
Cargo 1,361
Cargo tonnage 12,823,942 33,993,230 1,469,606 4,152,361

Resources

Country Coal Iron ore Crude oil Steel Aluminium Nickel Zinc
USA 2,149.7 396.9 833.2
Britain[12] 1,441.2 119.2 90.8 3.700 0.205
Australia 83.1 1.56
India[13] 196.7 6.0 1.12
Canada 101.9 3.6 8.4 16.4 3.500[14]
New Zealand[15] 18
USSR 590.8 71.3 110.6 0.263[16] 0.069[17] 0.384[17]
Total Allied 4581.4 597 1043
Germany 2,420.3 240.7 33.4[18] 1.9[19] 0.046[19] 2.1[19]
Japan 184.5 21.0 5.2
Italy 16.9 4.4
Hungary 6.6 14.1 3.1
Romania 1.6 10.8 25.0
Total Axis 2629.9 291

All figures in millions of tonnes

Reference data for summary tables

The relationship in GDP between the major Allied and Axis powers 1938-1945.

GDP

GDP provides insight into the relative strength of the belligerents in the run up to, and during the conflict.

Gross domestic product[nb 1][20][21]
Country 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945
Great Britain284287316344353361346331
Dominions115 - - - - - - -
Colonies285 - - - - - - -
British Empire684687716744753761746731
France18619982/8213011611093101
Colonies49---------------------
French Empire23525082/82180165160143150
USSR359366[nb 2] 417[nb 3]359274305362343
USA & Territories[nb 4]800869943 1,094 1,235 1,399 1,4991,474
Germany376411416441444454466322
Occupied------------------------
Greater Germany 376 411416 441 444 454466322
Italy141 15114714414513711792
Occupied3---------------------
Italian Empire144151 147 144 145 13711792
Japan169184192196197194189144
Occupied63---------------------
Japanese Empire232184192 196 197194189144
Allied total:9199377981,996 2,2622,465 2,7242,790
Axis total:376411837961951945798466
Allied/Axis GDP ratio:[nb 5]2.442.280.952.082.382.613.415.99
  1. Billions of international dollars, at 1990 prices. Adjusted annually for changing compositions within each alliance.
  2. In 1939, the USSR invaded and took over Eastern Poland
  3. The USSR occupied the Baltic states in mid 1940
  4. Alaska and Hawaii did not become states of the US until post-war
  5. GDP ratio: A 2.06 ratio means combined Allied GDP was 2.06 times higher than Axis GDP.

Table notes

  1. France to Axis: 1940:50% (light green), 1941-44:100% (brown)
  2. USSR to Allies: 1941:44% (light green), 1942-1945:100%.
  3. US direct support to the Allies begins with Lend Lease in March 1941, though the US made it possible for the Allies to purchase US-produced materiel from 1939[22]
  4. Italy to Allies and Axis: 1938:0%, 1939-1943:100% Axis (brown), 1944-1945:100% Allies
  5. Japanese to Axis begins with Tripartite Pact in 1940
  6. The Allied and Axis totals are not the immediate sum of the table values; see the distribution rules used above.

Personnel - Allied - British Empire

Including all non-British subjects in British services.

Army Army (female) Navy Navy (female) Marines Air Force Air Force (female) Auxiliary Merchant marine Partisans Total combat Other labour
Australia727,70324,02636,9763,0000124,00727,0004,500942,712
Argentine volunteers1,7001,70059914,000
Bechuana10,00010,000
Free Belgian Forces42,3001,2001,90045,770370
Britain 3,300,000 210,309865,000 74,00078,500 1,208,000181,909 1,500,000 185,000 7,602,718
B. Indian Ocean6,5006,500
Canada705,37425,25199,8227,100222,50127,12382,16318,0001,187,334
Caymans2018001001
Chinese volunteers10,00010,000
Cyprus30,00030,000
Czech volunteers4,0002,0006,000
East Africa200,000200,000
Egypt100,000100,000
Fiji3,0501,0714,121
Free French Forces3,700203,720
Free Greek5,0008,50025014,000
Guiana, British321042334819631
Hong Kong2,2002,200
India2,444,77911,00045,94730,00050,0002,581,72614,000,000
Ireland70,00070,000
Kenya98,24000000000098,240
Free Luxembourg8000000000080
Malaysia1,50001,45000003,21504,80010,965
Nepal250,280000000000250,280
Free Dutch4,0001,000000100000006,000
Newfoundland3,5035002,889007120010,000021,2043,600
New Zealand125,0003,90510,139700037,2504,750124,0003,0000308,744
Nigeria121,652000000000121,652
Free Norway4,00007,500002,700000014,200
Palestine5,0000000000005,000
Free Polish215,00004,0000020,0000000239,000
Sudan20,00000000000020,000
South Africa334,000013,26928075012,000000359,624
Southern Africa77,76700000000077,767
USA volunteers000008,00000008,000
West Africa200,000000010,0000000210,000
West Indies10,000040000005,5608000055,640
British Empire 9,122,660 276,0011,142,335 85,080 78,575 1,674,532 252,863 1,710,497 281,3004,80014,692,64414,004,001

Note:

  1. Auxiliary units include Home Guard, Reserves, Police regiments, etc.

Personnel - Axis - German Reich

Including all non-German subjects in German services.

Army Army (female) Navy Navy (female) Marines Air Force Air Force (female) Auxiliary Merchant marine Partisans Total combat Other labour
Albania9,0009,000
Arab legion20,00020,000
Belgium22,00022,000
British Empire3,5003,500
Bulgaria7007000
Croatia 55,50050040032,00088,400
Czech
Denmark12,00012,000
Finland vol2,5002,500
France & territories8,0004,5005,08017,580 348,500
Germany & territories14,7932001,500,0003,400,00019,693,200
Greece 22,00022,000
Hungary40,00040,000
Italy18,00018,000
Luxembourg12,03512,035
Netherlands45,00045,000
Norway50,0001,5001,50053,000
Poland 75,00045,000120,000
Portugal200200
Romania55,00055,000
Serbia10,00010,000
Slovakia
Slovenia6,0006,000
Spain 47,00047,000
Sweden300300
Switzerland800800
USA2020
USSR1,051,000300100,0001,151,300
German Reich 16,336,7551,506,5003,402,200204,08021,449,535 348,000

Note:

  1. Auxiliary units include Home Guard, Wehrmachtsgefolge, Reserves, Police regiments, etc.
  2. USSR includes Armenia 4k SS,14k Wehr, 7k Aux; Azerbaijan 55k SS, 70k Wehr; Belarus 12k Wehr, 20k Aux; Cossack 200k Wehr; Estonia 20k SS, 50k Wehr, 7k Aux; Georgia 10k SS; 30k Wehr; Kalmyk 5k Wehr; Latvia 55k SS; 87k Wehr, 300 Air, 23k Aux; Lithuania 50k Wehr, 10 Aux; North Caucuses 4k SS; Russia 60k SS, 26k Wehr; Turkestan 16k Wehr; Ukrainian 300k Wehr; 2k Aux; Tatar/Urals 12k Wehr

Aircraft - Allied - British Empire

Within the UK, initially aircraft production was very vulnerable to enemy bombing. To expand and diversify the production base the British setup "Shadow factories". These brought other manufacturing companies - such as vehicle manufacturers - into aircraft production, or aircraft parts production. These inexperienced companies were set up in groups under the guidance or control of the aircraft manufacturers. New factory buildings were provided with government money.[23]

Fighters Australia Britain Canada India NZ SA Total
Blenheim[note 3]5,5196266,145
Boomerang250250
Brigand147147
Defiant[note 4]1,0651065
Firebrand230230
Firefly872872
Fulmar600600
Gladiator[note 5]483483
Hornet[note 6]197197
Meteor250250
Mohawk IV[24]55
Mustang200200
Roc136136
Seafire[note 7]2,3342,334
Sea Gladiator9898
Spitfire20,35120,351[25]
Tempest1,7021,702
Vampire244 244
Welkin7777
Whirlwind[note 8]116116
45037,705 626538,786
Attack Australia Britain Canada India NZ SA
Beaufighter3645,5645,928
Helldiver1,1341,134
Hurricane[note 9] 14,2311,45115,682
Mosquito2126,1991,1347,545
Skua192192
Typhoon3,3303,330
57629,5163,71933,811
Bomber Australia Britain Canada India NZ SA
Albacore800800
Barracuda 2,6072,607
Beaufort7001,4292,129
Buckingham119119
Halifax6,178[note 10]>6,178
Hampden[note 11] 1,2701601,430
Hereford152152
Lancaster7,3074307,377
Lincoln[note 6]735301604
Manchester202202
Stirling2,3832,383
Swordfish[note 11]2,3962,396
Wellington[note 11] 11,46111,461
Whitely[note 11] 1,7801,780
77336,79459138,158
Reconnaissance
& patrol
Australia Britain Canada India NZ SA
Auster1,8001,800
Bolingbroke[note 12]676626
Bombay[note 13]5151
Botha580580
Cub150150
Lerwick2121
Osprey99
PBV Canso 272721993
Sea Otter292292
Seaford1010
Shark1717
Stranraer174057
Sunderland767767
Walrus746746
Warwick845845
5,41016047,014
Transport Aus Britain Can India NZ SA
Aerovan5252
Albatross77
Albemarle 602602
CAC Gliders88
Delta 1919
DHA-G1/G288
Dragon 8787
Dragon Rapide 474474
Short Empire 4242
Ensign 1515
Flamingo 1414
50 Freighter 55
Hamilcar[note 14] 412412
Hengist 1818
Horsa[note 14] 5,0005,000
Hotspur 1,0151,015
Lancastrian 82682
Lysander1,4452251,670
Messenger 9393
Monarch1111
Monitor2222
Norseman 861861
S.2633
Whitley1,8141,814
York2591259
Other
103 11,380 1,11712,600
Training Aus Britain Can India NZ SA
Anson8,4883,19711,685
Battle[note 15]2,201
Buckmaster112
Cornell (PT-19/26) 1,642
Don30
Finch 606
Fort 101
Harlow PC-5550
Harvard 3,985
Magister1,303
Martinet1,724
Master3,250
Mentor45
Moth Minor100
Oxford 8,586
Proctor 1,143
Tiger Moth 1,0805,7381,7481508,716
Tipsey B 15
Wackett 202
Wirraway 755
2,03732,73511,2845015046,256
Other Australia Canada Britain India NZ SA Empire
Prototypes[note 16] 2361
Other 10339
2 13[note 17] 400[note 18] 415
Total'x x xxxxx

Aircraft - Allies - France, Poland and minor powers

Production numbers until the time of the German occupation of the respective country. Some types listed were in production before the war, those listed were still in production at the time of or after the Munich crisis.

Fighters Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark France Netherlands Poland Yugoslavia Total
B.534-IV/Bk.534 274
CR.714 90
D.520 403
D.XXI 10110120
F.K.58 20[note 19]
Fox VI/VII 106
G.I 63
Hurricane I 1520
IK-2 12
IK-3 12
MB.151/152 636
MS.406 1,077
Potez 630/631 280
PZL.50 (6)[note 20]
P.24 118[note 21]
VG.33/36/39 40[note 22]
Total 121 274 10 2,526 193 119 (+5) 44 3,287[note 23]
Attack Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark France Netherlands Poland Yugoslavia Total
Br.690 230
Laté 298 121
LN.40 68
Fairey P.4/34 (12)[note 24]
PVT[note 25] 61
Total (12) 419 61 480[note 26]
Bombers Belgium Czechoslovakia Denmark France Netherlands Poland Yugoslavia Total
A.101 64
A.304 19
Amiot 351/354 80
B-71 61
Battle I 18[note 27]
C.X/C.XI53
Do 17K 70
F.222.2/F.223 25
LeO 45452
LWS-617
MB.131 143
MB.174/175 79
MB.210 298
Potez 63355
PZL.37120
PZL.43 54[note 28]
PZL.46 2[note 29]
SIM-XIV-H19
T.V16
T.VIII36
Total 18 144 1,132 105 193 89 1,681

Aircraft - Axis - All

Occupied countries produced weapons for the Axis powers. Figures are for the period of occupation only.

Fighters Belgium Bulgaria Czech Netherlands Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Poland Romania Yugoslavia Total
A6M "Zero"10,939
Ar 24014
B-13512
B-53478
Ba 34936[note 30]
Bf 10933,14230933,984
C.200/202/2052,766
CR.2512
CR.421,782
D.520[note 31] 440
Do 17Z-7/Z-1012
Do 33537
F.514
F.K.526
Fw 190 20,000
G.50 666
G.55 305
He 100[note 32] 25
He 11260
He 162320
He 219300
IAR 80346
J1N479
J2M 621
Ki-10283
Ki-273,399
Ki-441,227
Ki-61 3,159
Ki-843,514
Ki-100395
Ki-102238
MB.150[note 31] 35
Me 163 Komet3707377
Me 2621,430
Mörkö-Morane[note 33] 41
MS.410[note 34] 74
MXY7852
N1K1,435
P.24252550
Re.2000-2005204531735
Ro.4435
Ro.5775
SAI.20714
Ta 152/154 200
VL Myrsky 51
VL Pyry 41
Total90 6 133 549 55,934 513 6,200 26,548 25 371 91,728
Attack Belgium Bulgaria Czech Netherlands Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Poland Romania Yugoslavia
A6M2-N327
Ba.65218
Ba.88149
D3A1,486
FC.1211
FC.206
He 115138
He 118[note 35] 15
Hs 123[note 36] 250
Hs 129865
Ju 87 Stuka6,500
Ki-273,368
Ki-30704
Ki-435,919
Ki-451,701
Ki-481,997
Ki-512,385
Ki-84 3,514
Ki-102 238
Me 210[note 37] 400272672
Me 410[note 38] 1,189
RS.14188
SM.8534
Total 9,09227260621,90430,903
Bombers Belgium Bulgaria Czech Netherlands Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Japan Poland Romania Yugoslavia
A.3044
Ar 234 210
B5N1,149
B6N1,268
B7A114
MB.174/175[note 39]38
BR.20602
Ca.135140
Ca.309-3141,516
D4Y2,038
Do 2230
Do 17E/F 405
Do 17K 14
Do 17M/P/R/S/U 448
Do 17Z 875
Do 215105
Do 2171,025
Fi 16714
Fw 200276
G3M1,048
G4M2,435
He 111 7,300
He 1771,190
IAR 37380
Ju 88/188/38816,517
KB.624
Ki-212,064
Ki-32854
Ki-49819
Ki-67/109767
LeO 45[note 31]162
M6A28
P.10835
P1Y1,102
Q1W153
Š-32880
SM.791,350
SM.82[note 40]379
SM.84246
WM-21128
Z.506B320
Z.1007660
Z.101815
Total 24 84 200 28,444 128 5,228 13,839 380 44,802

Propaganda posters

Painting of workman in blue overalls
Vichy France poster: "At work in Germany you are an ambassador of French quality" 
Painting of three soldiers buckling their helmets
Japanese Organized Labour Service Corps poster 
Man with work glasses, woman, plane and tank
USSR: "Everything for the Front. Everything for Victory" 
Photo of smiling woman assembling a bomb
French-Canadian poster: "I'm making bombs and buying bonds!-Buy Victory Bonds." 
Painting of soldier and workman shaking hands
Italy: "Work and Fight for your Country and Victory" 
Caricature of Japanese soldier striding towards Australia
Australia: "He's coming south—it's fight, work or perish" 

See also

References

  1. the five King George V class were started prior to war, a further four battleships were cancelled to make resources available for construction of other ships (Gazarke & Dulin)
  2. Two battlecruisers of Kronshtadt-class laid down but never progressed
  3. The majority of Blenheims were built as light bombers
  4. Total includes 140 unarmed Defiants produced as target tugs
  5. Pre-war production. 165 additional to export customers. Sea Gladiator conversions and production listed in Sea Gladiator entry.
  6. 1 2 includes post-war production
  7. Includes some post-war production and conversions of Spitfires
  8. changed to ground attack role during war
  9. up to 1942 the Hurricane was chiefly used as a fighter aircraft
  10. includes transport and Coastal Command reconnaissance versions
  11. 1 2 3 4 Includes pre-war production
  12. a variant of the Blenheim, 457 of the total were produced as trainer aircraft
  13. used as light bomber and transport aircraft in Middle East and Mediterranean theatre
  14. 1 2 assault gliders generally not reusable following use
  15. Initially used as light bomber e.g. during Battle of France
  16. Including: Arpin A-1 (1) , Airspeed Cambridge (2), Airspeed Fleet Shadower (1), Avro Tudor (2), Blackburn B-20 (1), Boulton Paul P.92 (1), Burnelli CBY-3 (2), CAC Woomera, Australia (2), Chrislea Airguard (1) , de Havilland Dove (1), de Havilland T.K.5 (1) , Fairey Spearfish (5), Fane F.1/40 (1), General Aircraft Cagnet (1), General Aircraft Owlet (1), General Aircraft Fleet Shadower (1), General Aircraft GAL.47 (1), General Aircraft GAL.55 (2), General Aircraft GAL.56 (4), Canadian Car and Foundry FDB-1, Canada (1), Gloster F.5/34 (2) , Gloster F.9/37 (2) , Handley Page Manx (1), Hawker Hotspur (1), Hawker Tornado (4), Miles M.20 (2), Miles X Minor (1), Miles M.35 (1), Miles M.39 (1), Miles LR 5 (1), Parnall 382 (1), Reid and Sigrist R.S.1/2 (2), Saro A33 (1), Saro Shrimp (1), Short Shetland (2), Supermarine Type 322 (2), Vickers Type 432 (1), Vickers VC.1 Viking (1), Vickers Windsor (3)
  17. includes: CCF Maple Leaf Trainer II (2 plus 10 built in Mexico )
  18. includes: Folland Fo.108 engine test bed (12), General Aircraft Cygnet (10), General Aircraft Monospar ST-25 (30), Hawker Henley (200), Hawker Sea Fury (10), Miles M.15 (2), Miles M.18 (3) , Miles Mercury (6), Percival Petrel (27), Percival Vega Gull (~20), Supermarine Spiteful fighter (19)
  19. Delivered to France.
  20. Only 1 out of 6 (the prototype) completed before German occupation.
  21. Only 1 (designated P.11g) used by Poland in 1939. The remaining ones were exported to various Balkan countries.
  22. Around 200 more airframes were in advanced production stage.
  23. not counting uncompleted PZL.50
  24. Production was started in Denmark, but not completed before the German invasion.
  25. Originally an advanced fighter-training aircraft, this type was later used as a light attack plane, in particular by the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia.
  26. not counting P.4/34
  27. According to some sources a license production was started in Denmark but not completed before the German invasion.
  28. All but 5 delivered to Bulgaria.
  29. Prototypes that were used in combat.
  30. Never entered service
  31. 1 2 3 Number refers to production resumed after German occupation.
  32. Produced shortly before the war and mainly used for testing and propaganda purposes.
  33. Conversion from MS.406/410.
  34. Conversion from MS.406.
  35. Produced before the war and 2 delivered to Japan, which used it for testing and practice.
  36. All produced before the war, but used until 1944.
  37. Only 90 German-built Me 210 were completed and delivered, about 100 Hungarian-built were supplied to Germany
  38. Also used as a fighter and for reconnaissance
  39. Produced for Germany after German occupation.
  40. Only bomber versions listed here.

Notes

  1. History of the Second World War (104 volumes), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1949 to 1993
  2. Nigel Davies. "rethinking history". rethinkinghistory.blogspot.ca.
  3. Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, p. IX, Random House, New York, NY, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4.
  4. Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 7, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  5. Wrynn, V. Dennis. Forge of Freedom: American Aircraft Production in World War II, pp. 4-5, Motorbooks International, Osceola, WI, 1995. ISBN 0-7603-0143-3.
  6. Baldwin, Ralph B. The Deadly Fuze: Secret Weapon of World War II, pp. 4-6, 11, 50, 279, Presidio Press, San Rafael, California, 1980. ISBN 978-0-89141-087-4.
  7. Kumanev, G.A., "War and the evacuation of the USSR: 1941-1942", New Age, 2006
  8. Sawyer, L. A. and Mitchell, W. H. The Liberty Ships: The History of the "Emergency" Type Cargo Ships Constructed in the United States During the Second World War, Second Edition, pp. vii, 1-8, Lloyd's of London Press Ltd., London, England, 1985. ISBN 1-85044-049-2.
  9. Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, pp. 5, 7, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  10. Parker, Dana T. Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II, p. 8, Cypress, California, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.
  11. "Financial Calculators". dollartimes.com.
  12. Mitchell, B.R. British Historical Statistics, 1988
  13. http://www.teindia.nic.in/mhrd/50yrsedu/15/8P/82/8P820T03.htm
  14. Dialogue on Aluminium 110 years of history in Canada approximation
  15. Baker The New Zealand People at War: War Economy 1965
  16. Lend Lease as a Function of the Soviet war Economy
  17. 1 2 Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment and the Defense Burden, 1940-1945 Mark Harrison, 1996
  18. Including 23.4 synthetic.
  19. 1 2 3 Volume 3 -The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy 1940-1944 only, retrieved June 8, 2014
  20. "Comparison of GDP adjusted for actual yearly shared contribution to war efforts after Zuljan, Ralph, Allied and Axis GDP", "Articles On War" (OnWar.com), 2003, retrieved June 8, 2014
  21. Harrison, 1998
  22. General Article: Foreign Affairs, pbs.org
  23. Granatstein, Dr. J. L. (MAY 27, 2005). "ARMING THE NATION: CANADA’S INDUSTRIAL WAR EFFORT, 1939-1945" (PDF). Canadian Council of Chief Executives. Retrieved April 5, 2016. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. Baugher "Hawk 75A-5 for China" 1999
  25. Ethell, Jeffrey L. and Steve Pace. Spitfire. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0300-2. p117

Table data

Personnel -Allied - British Empire

Personnel - Axis

This includes all German and non-German subjects serving within German Reich forces.

Aircraft - Allied

Aircraft - Axis

  • Italy
  • Dressel and Griehl 1994
  • Encyclopedia of weapons of World War Two
  • Francillon 1970
  • The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft, 1985
  • Jane's 1989
  • Mondey 1996
  • Smith and Anthony ?

Raw materials

  • The Mineral Industry of the British Empire and Foreign Countries, Statistical Summary 1938-1944, The Imperial Institute, HMSO, 1948
  • The Mineral Industry of the British Empire and Foreign Countries, Statistical Summary 1941-1947, The Imperial Institute, HMSO, 1949

Official histories

  • History of the Second World War (104 volumes), Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1949 to 1993
  • Official History of Australia in the War of 1939–1945 (22 volumes), Australian Government Printing Service, 1952 to 1977
  • Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War, Vol I Six Years of War, Stacey, C P., Queen's Printer, Ottawa, 1955
  • Official History of the Indian Armed Forces in the Second World War 1939-45 (24 volumes), Combined Inter-Services Historical Section, India & Pakistan, New Delhi, 1956-1966
  • Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45, Historical Publications Branch, Wellington, New Zealand, 1965

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  • Barnett, Correlli, The audit of war : the illusion & reality of Britain as a great nation, Macmillan, 1986
  • Barnes, C.H.; James D.N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900, London, Putnam, 1989
  • Bishop, Chris, The Encyclopaedia of Weapons of World War II, Sterling Publishing, 2002
  • Bowyer, Michael J.F. Aircraft for the Royal Air Force: The "Griffon" Spitfire, The Albemarle Bomber and the Shetland Flying-Boat, London, Faber & Faber, 1980
  • Boyd, David, (2009) "Wartime Production by the Commonwealth during WWII" British Equipment of the Second World War
  • Boyd, David (2009), "British Production of Aircraft By Year During The Second World War", British Equipment of the Second World War 
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  • Mondey, David. The Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II. New York: Bounty Books, 1996
  • Ness, Leland, Jane's World War II Tanks and Fighting Vehicles, The Complete Guide, Harper Collins, 2002
  • Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. The Second World War 1939-1945 Army: Airborne Forces. London: Imperial War Museum, 1990
  • Overy, Richard, Why the Allies Won (Paperback), W. W. Norton & Company, 1997
  • Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies
  • Smith, J.R. and Anthony L. Kay. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam and Company Ltd.,
  • Swanborough, Gordon. British Aircraft at War, 1939-1945. East Sussex, UK: HPC Publishing, 1997
  • Tapper, Oliver. Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft since 1913. London: Putnam, 1988
  • Tomasevich, Jozo, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press, 2001
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  • Wilson, Stewart, Aircraft of WWII, 1998
  • Wrynn, V. Dennis. Forge of Freedom: American Aircraft Production in World War II, Motorbooks International, Osceola, WI, 1995
  • Zuljan, Ralph, "Allied and Axis GDP" Articles On War OnWar.com (2003)

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