Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a species of Mycobacterium.^[1]

It is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children.^[2]

It is sometimes included in the "MAIS group" with Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare.^[3]

Treatment

Due to the rarity of infection, no prospective studies have been undertaken and therefore treatment choices remain somewhat controversial. For childhood infection, surgery is the recommended treatment, in which the lesion is excised without chemotherapy. The success rate for this treatment is 95%.^[4] Drugs which are used in treatment of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum include isoniazid, rifampin and streptomycin.^[4]

References

1. Ryoo, Sung Weon; Shin, Sonya; Shim, Myung-Shup; Park, Yoon-Sung; Lew, Woo Jin; Park, Sue-Nie; Park, Young Kil; Kang, Seongman (2008). "Spread of nontuberculous mycobacteria from 1993 to 2006 in Koreans". Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 22 (6): 415–20. doi:10.1002/jcla.20278. PMID 19021271.
2. Atypical Mycobacterial Diseases at eMedicine
3. Falkinham, J. O. (2003). "Factors Influencing the Chlorine Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69 (9): 5685–9. doi:10.1128/AEM.69.9.5685-5689.2003. PMC 194915. PMID 12957962.
4. Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic, Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007). "An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. PMID 17277290.