Names of European cities in different languages: Q–T

Q

English name Other names or former names
Quimper Corisopitum (Latin), Kemper (Breton), Quimper (French), Кемпер (Macedonian)

R

English name Other names or former names
Raahe Brahestad (Swedish), Raahe (Finnish), Рахе (Macedonian)
Racibórz Ratibor (German),[1] Ratiboř (Czech)
Radzionków Radzionków (Polish), Radzionkau (German)
Rădăuţi Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Rádóc (Hungarian), Radowce (Polish), Rothacenum (Latin), Радауци (Macedonian)
Radoviš Radoviš (Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Bosnian), Радовиш (Macedonian)
Radymno Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish), Радимно (Macedonian)
Raiding Doborján (Hungarian), Raiding (German), Rajnof (Croatian)
Rakvere Wesenberg or Wesenbergh (former German)
Rauma Rauma (Estonian, Finnish), Raumo (Swedish)
Ravenna Raben (old German), Rabenna - 라벤나 (Korean), Ravena - Равена (Bulgarian), Ravena (Romanian), Rávena or Ravena (Spanish)*, Ravenna (Azeri, Finnish, Italian, Maltese), Ραβέννα (Greek), Rawenna (Polish)
Regensburg Castra Regina (Latin), Radasbona (Hungarian), Ratisbon (former English), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian, Spanish, Catalan), Ratisbonne (French), Ratisvónni - Ρατισβόννη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Ratyzbona (Polish), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (Dutch, German, Romanian), Řezno (Czech)
Reichenau La Punt (Romansh), Reichenau (German)
Rennes Rennes (Dutch, French, Finnish, German, Italian), Rennu - レンヌ (Japanese)*, Resnn (Gallo), Roazhon (Breton)*
Resen Resen (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Ресен (Macedonian)
Reykjavík Réicivíc (Irish), Léikèyăwèikè - 雷克雅未克 (Chinese)*, Reikiavik (Tagalog*), Reikyabikeu / Reik'yabik'ŭ - 레이캬비크 (Korean), Reikyabiku - レイキャビク (Japanese)*, Reikyavik (Persian), Reikjavīka (Latvian), Reikjavikas (Lithuanian), Reikiavik (Spanish), Reiquejavique (Portuguese), Rejkiawik and Reykjawik (Polish alternates), Reykjavik (Maltese), Reykjavík (Czech, Faroese, Icelandic), Rejkjaviko (Esperanto), Reykjavik (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Reykyavik (Azeri), Reykyavik or Reykavik (Turkish)
Rheims Reims (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Interlingua, Italian, Romanian, Spanish), Reimsa (Latvian), Reimsas (Lithuanian), Remeš (Czech, Slovak), Ρήμες (Greek, καθαρεύουσα), Remso (Esperanto)
Riga Lĭjiā - 里加 (Chinese)*, Rīġā (Arabic), Riga (Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Interlingua, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Ríga - Ρίγα (Greek), Riga - リガ (Japanese)*, Riga - 리가 (Korean), Rīga (Latvian), Ríge (Irish), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Rīgõ (Livonian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Ryha - Рыга (Belarusian), Ryha - Рига (Ukrainian)
Rijeka Fiume (Italian*, Hungarian*), Reka (Slovene)*, Rieka (Persian, Kaykavian - Croat), Rijeka (Croatian*, Finnish*, German*, Polish*, Romanian*, Slovak), Rika (Chakavian - Glagolitic), Rykva (early Croatian), St. Veit am Flaum (older German)*
Rivne Рівне / Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Romanian, Russian), Równe (Polish), Riwne(German), Rowno (older German)
Roč Roč (Croatian), Rozzo (Italian)
Roman Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German)
Rome Erroma (Basque)*, Luómǎ - 罗马 (Chinese)*, Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Croatian*, Serbian, Slovene*), Rím (Slovak)*, Řím (Czech)*, Рим / Rim (Russian, Bulgarian, Serbian), Рим / Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish)*, Rô-ma or La Mã (Vietnamese, the latter is old-fashioned), An Róimh (Irish), An Ròimh (Scottish Gaelic)*, Rom (Danish*, German*, Swedish*), Róm (Icelandic), Roma (Azeri*, Catalan*, Interlingua, Italian*, Lithuanian*, Latvian*, Norwegian*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Romansh, Spanish*, Tagalog*, Turkish*), Róma (Hungarian)*, Roma - רומא (Hebrew), Rōma - ローマ (Japanese)*, Roma - 로마 (Korean), Rome (Dutch*, French*), Rome, Roeme, Roame (Limburgish, depending on dialect), Rómi - Ρώμη (Greek), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian*, Finnish*), Roum (Luxembourgish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Ruma (Maltese), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rzym (Polish)
Roskilde Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish, Polish)
Rostock Rostock (Estonian, Finnish, German, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Rostock / Rostok (Polish), Rostoka (Latvian), Rostokas (Lithuanian), Roztoka (former Polish), Roztoky (Czech)
Rouen Rouaan (Dutch alternate), Rouen (French, Italian, Romanian), Ruan or Ruán (Spanish)*, Ruão (Portuguese), Ruāna (Latvian), Rúðuborg (Icelandic), Ρουένη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα)
Rovaniemi Roavenjarga (Northern Sami), Rovaniemi (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian)
Rovinj Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian, Slovene), Ruginium (Latin)
Ružomberok Rosenberg (German), Rózsahegy (Hungarian), Ružomberok (Slovak)
Rzeszów Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Reisha - רישא (Hebrew), Řešov (Czech), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Ryashеv - Ряшев (Russian), Ryashiv (Ukrainian), Rzeszów (Polish)

S

English name Other names or former names
Saarbrücken Saarbrücken (German, Romanian), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian), Saarbrécken (Luxembourgish), Saarbrükken (Azeri), Zaarbriuk'eni - ზაარბრიუკენი (Georgian*)
Saarlouis Sarrelouis (French)*, Saarlouis (German)*, Saarlautern (German 1936-1945)*, Sarrelibre (French 1793-1804/1810)*
Sabinov Sabinov (Slovak, Czech), Zeben (German), Kisszeben (Hungarian)
Sagunto Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Saguntum (Latin)
St Albans Verlamion (former English), Verulamium (Latin), Verlamchester or Wæclingacaester (Old English)
St Andrews Cill Rìmhinn (Scottish Gaelic), Sanct Andraes (Lowland Scots), Kilrymont or Kilrule (former)
St. Gallen Saint-Gall (French, Romanian), Sankt Gallen (Dutch, German), San Gallo (Italian), San Galo (Spanish*), São Galo (Portuguese*) Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech)
St Petersburg Ayía Petrúpoli - Αγία Πετρούπολη (Greek), Cathair Pheadair (Irish), Shën Petersburg (Albanian), Peterburg and Peyterburg - פּעטערבורג (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sangteu Petereubureukeu / Sangt'ŭ P'et'erŭburŭk'ŭ - 상트페테르부르크 (Korean), Sankt-Pieciarburh - Санкт-Пецярбург (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg - Санкт-Петербург (Russian*), Sankt-Peterburg (Slovene),Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, seldom Slovak), Petrograd (traditional Serbian, independent of the 1914-1924 renaming), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sankt'-Peterburgi - სანქტ-პეტერბურგი (Georgian*), Sankta Pætursborg (Faroese), Sankuto Peteruburuku - サンクトペテルブルク (Japanese)*, San Petersburgo (Spanish, Tagalog*), San Pietroburgo (Italian), San Pietruburgu (Maltese), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg (Norwegian), Sankt Peterburg* or Peterburg (Turkish), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), Sankti Pétursborg (Icelandic), Shèng Bĭdèbāo - 聖彼得堡 (Chinese), Xanh Pê-téc-bua (Vietnamese)

1638-1703 (a 17th Century town at the site of the present city): Nevanlinna (Finnish), Niyen - Ниен (Russian), Nyen (Swedish)

1914-1924: Petorogurādo - ペトログラード (Japanese), Petrograd (former English, former French, former Russian, former Serbian, former Slovene, former Swedish), Petrogrado (former Spanish, former Portuguese), Petrohrad (former Czech, Slovak), Pietrogrado (former Italian), Piotrogród (former Polish), Pēterpils (former Latvian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian)

1924-1991: Leningrad (former Czech, former English, former German, former Swedish), Leningrado (former Italian, former Spanish, former Portuguese), Lenjingrad (former Serbian), Reningeuradeu / Renin'gŭradŭ - 레닌그라드 (Korean), Reningurādo - レニングラード (Japanese)

St. Moritz Saint-Moritz (French)*, San Morittsu - サンモリッツ (Japanese)*, Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech), Sanktmorica (Latvian)
Saint-Quentin Saint-Quentin (French), San Quintino (Italian), San Quintín (Spanish)
Salzburg Jalcheubureukeu / Chalch'ŭburŭk'ŭ - 잘츠부르크 (Korean), Sà'ērcíbăo - 薩爾茨堡 (Chinese), Såizburg (Bavarian), Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (Bosnian, Croatian, German, Finnish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Salzburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburga (Latvian), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian), Zarutsuburuku - ザルツブルク (Japanese)*
Samara Samara - Самара (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian), Samara (German, Azeri), Szamara (Hungarian), Kujbišev (Slovene, former name), Kuybyshev (former name)
Sânnicolau Mare Sânnicolau Mare / Sân Nicolau Mare (Romanian), Groß Sankt Nikolaus (German), Nagyszentmiklós (Hungarian), Veliki Sveti Nikola (Serbian)
San Sebastián Donostia (Basque)*, Donostio (Esperanto)*, San Sebatian (Romania), San Sebastián (Spanish*, Finnish*), Sant Sebastià (Catalan)*, Saint-Sébastien (French)*, San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian), São Sebastião (Portuguese)*
Santiago de Compostela Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Santiago de Compostel·la (Catalan), Sant Jaume de Galícia (former Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Finnish, Portuguese, Spanish), Santiago di Compostela (Italian), Santiago di Compostella (old Italian)
Saragossa Caesaraugusta (Latin), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa - 사라고사 (Korean), Saragosa (Ladino*, Latvian, Serbian, Slovene), Saragossa (English (U.S.), Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Sarqasta - سرقسطة (Arabic), Zaragoza (Aragonese, Czech, English (U.K.), Finnish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish)
Sarajevo Saarayego (Wolof), Sairéavó (Irish), Saraevo(Macedonian), Saraievo (Galician, Portuguese, Romanian), Seraium (Latin), Sarajeva (Latvian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian), Sarajevë (Albanian), Sarajevo (Bosnian, Croatian, English, Finnish, French, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Sarajevó (Icelandic), Sarajewo (German, Lower Sorbian, Polish, Upper Sorbian), Saraybosna (Turkish), Sarayevo (Azərbaycan, Qırımtatarca, Haitian Creole, Kurdi, Swahili), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Σαράγεβο (Greek), Сараєво (Ukrainian), Сараjево (Serbian), Сараево (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Chuvash, Russian, Ossetic, Macedonian, Tatar, Tajik), Sàlārèwō - 撒拉熱窩 (Chinese), Saraebo - サラエボ (Japanese)*, Սարաևո (Armenian), Sarayebo - 사라예보 (Korean), سارایوو Sarāyīfū (Arabic), סראייבו (Hebrew)
Saranda Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Áyii Saránda - Άγιοι Σαράντα (Greek), Santiquaranta (Italian)
Sarrebourg Saarburg (Dutch, German*), Sarrebourg (French*, German*)
Sarreguemines Sarreguemines (French), Saargemünd (German)
Sartene Sartè (Corsican), Sartena (Italian), Sartene (French)
Sassari Sàsser (Catalan), Sáçer (Old Spanish), Sassari (Sassarese, Corsican, Italian), Sassaro (Old Sassarese), Tathari / Tàthari / Tàttari / Tattari (Sardinian)
Saverne Zabern (German)
Schaffhausen Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German, Romanian), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish)
Schweinfurt Schweinfurt (German, Romanian, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech)
Schwerin Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech)
Schwyz Schwytz (French, Finnish), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh)
Sélestat Schlettstadt (German)*, Sélestat (French*, German*)
Senj Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Zengg (former Hungarian)
Sevastopol Akyar / Sivastopol (Turkish), Aqyar (Crimean Tatar*, Tatar), Sebaseutopol / Sebasŭt'op'ol - 세바스토폴 (Korean)*, Sebastòpol (Catalan), Sébastopol (French), Sebastopol (Spanish, Portuguese, former English), Sebastopoli (Italian), Sevastopol (Finnish, Romanian), Sevastopol' - Севастополь (Russian, Ukrainian), Sevastopole (Latvian), Sevastúpoli - Σεβαστούπολη (Greek), Sewastopol (Polish), Szevasztopol (Hungarian), Theodorichshafen (proposed German name during World War II)
Seville Hispalis (Latin), Išbīliya (Arabic), Sebiriya - セビリア / Sebīrya - セビーリャ (Japanese)*, Sebiya - 세비야 (Korean), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Occitan, Portuguese), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Irish, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish, Azeri), Seviya (Ladino)*, Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sivilja (Maltese)
's-Hertogenbosch Den Bosch or 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Herzogenbusch (German), Hertogenbosch (Italian), Boscoducale (older Italian), 's-Hertogenbosch (English, Polish, Swedish), n Bos(k) (Gronings), Bolduque (Spanish)
Shkodër İşkodra (Turkish), Scodra (Latin), Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Shkodër (Albanian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Skódhra - Σκόδρα (Greek), Skutari (German), Szkodra (Polish)
Shrewsbury Amwythig (sometimes rendered Yr Amwythig) (Welsh)
Šiauliai Šaŭli - Шаўлі (Belarusian), Schaulen (German), Shavli - Шавли (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian, Finnish), Šauļi (Latvian), Szawle (Polish)
Šibenik Sebenico (former Hungarian, Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish)
Sibiu Hermannstadt (German)*, Nagyszeben (Hungarian)*, Sibiň (Czech)*, Sibinj - Сибињ (Serbian), Sibiu (German*, Romanian*, Finnish*, Turkish*), Sybin (Polish)*
Siedlce Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets - שעדלעץ (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish)
Siena Sena (former Portuguese, former Spanish), Siena (Dutch, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Turkish), Siena - 시에나 (Korean), Sienna (English variant), Sienne (French)
Sighetu Marmaţiei Máramarossziget or Sziget (Hungarian)*, Maramureschsigeth / Siget / Sighetu Marmaţiei (German)*, Marmarošská Sihoť or Sighetu Marmaţiei (Czech)*, Ostrovu Marmaţiei (medieval name), Siget Marmaćej or Siget (Croatian, Serbian)*, Siget - סיגעט (Yiddish)*, Sighet (former English)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei (Dutch*, Portuguese*), Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighet (Italian)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighetul Marmaţiei (French)*, Sighetu Marmaţiei or Sighetul Marmaţiei or Sighet (Romanian)*, Sihoť or Syhoty (Slovak), Sihota (Rusyn), Sygit - Сигіт or Sygit-Marmaros'kyy - Сигіт-Мармароський (Ukrainian)*, Syhot Marmaroski or Sygiet (Polish)*
Sighişoara Schäßburg (German)*, Segesvár (Hungarian)*, Sighişoara (German*, Romanian*), Sigiszoara (Polish)*
Simferopol Akmescit (Turkish), Aqmescit (Crimean Tatar*, Tatar*), Gotenburg (proposed German name during World War II), Simferopol' - Сімферополь (Ukrainian), Simferopol' - Симферополь (Russian), Simferopol (Romanian), Simferòpol (Catalan), Simferopole (Latvian), Symferopol (Polish), Συμφερούπολη (Greek), Szimferopol (Hungarian)
Sint-Truiden Sent-Trüden (Azeri)*, Saint-Trond (French)*, Oppidum Sancti Trudonis (Latin)*, Sinttreidena (Latvian)*, Sint Treidenas (Lithuainian)*
Skopje Scóipé (Irish), Scupi (Latin), Seukope / Sŭk'op'e - 스코페 (Korean), Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e - Скопье (Russian), Skópia - Σκόπια (Greek), Skopie (Bulgarian - Скопие, Polish, Spanish), Skopje (Dutch, German, Latvian, Maltese, Portuguese, Slovene, Romanian, Swedish), Skopje - Скопје (Macedonian), Scoplie (Romanian variant), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Szkopje (Hungarian), Üszküp (Hungarian, historical), Üsküb (Ottoman Turkish), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian), Sukopie - スコピエ (Japanese)*, Usküb (English in the 11th Edition of Encyclopædia Britannica), Üsküp (Rumelian Turkish)
Skwierzyna Schwerin an der Warthe (German)
Slavske Slavs'ke - Славське (Ukrainian), Slawsko (Polish)
Sleswick Slesvig (Danish* Norwegian*), Schleswig (German), Sleswig (low German), Sleeswijk (Dutch)
Sligo Sligeach (Irish)
Słupsk Stolp (German), Stolpe (Latin), Stôłpsk (Kashubian), Stölpe (Swedish), Slupska (Latvian), Слупск (Russian and other languages written in Cyrillic script)
Smolensk Smalensk - Смаленск (Belarusian), Smolensk (Azeri, Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian), Smoleńsk (Polish), Smoļenska (Latvian), Smolenskas (Lithuanian), Szmolenszk (Hungarian), Смоленск (Russian)
Södertälje Nán Tàilìyē - 南泰利耶 (Chinese), Södertälje (Swedish), Telga australis (Latin)
Solin Salona (Dutch, Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene)
Sofia Safija - Сафія (Belarusian), Serdica (Thracian), Sófia - Σόφια (Greek), Sófia (Portuguese), Sofia (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sofia - ソフィア (Japanese)*, Sofía (Spanish), Sofija - София (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Macedonian), Sofiya - Софія (Ukrainian), Sofija (Croatian, Slovene, Latvian, Lithuanian), Sofiya (Azeri), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofja (Maltese), Sofya (Turkish), Sóifia (Irish), Sopia / Sop'ia - 소피아 (Korean), Sredets (Slavic), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Suofeiya - 索菲亞 (Chinese), Szófia (Hungarian)
Solothurn Soleure (French), Solothurn (Dutch, German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish)
Sønderborg Sonderburg (German)
Sondrio Sondrio (Italian), Sunder (Romansh), Sùndri (Lombard), Sundrium (Latin)
Sopot Sopòt (Kashubian), Sopot (Polish), Zoppot (German)
Sopron Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Slovak, Czech), Sopron (Hungarian, Romanian), Šopron (Croatian)
Sovetsk Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Serbian, Slovene), Sovyetsk (Turkish), Tilsit (German), Tilzīte (former Latvian), Sovetska (Latvian), Tilžė (Lithuanian), Tylża (Polish)
Sparta Σπάρτη (Greek)
Speyer Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spiers (Dutch), Spira (Italian, Polish), Spire (French), Spires (former English), Špýr (Czech)
Spišská Nová Ves Igló (Hungarian), Nowa Wieś Spiska / Spiska Nowa Wieś (Polish), Noveysis (Romani), Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak), Villa Nova (Latin), (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf (German), списка нова вес (Ukrainian)
Split Seupeulliteu / Sŭp'ŭllit'ŭ - 스플리트 (Korean), Spalato (former Hungarian, Italian), Split (Azeri, Croatian, Dutch, Finnish, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Spanish), Splita (Latvian), Splitas (Lithuanian), Σπολάτο (Greek - καθαρεύουσα)
Spreewald Błota (Lower Sorbian), Spreewald (German)
Spremberg Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German)
Starokonstantinov Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (former English), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian)
Sterzing-Vipiteno Sterzing (German), Vipiteno (Italian), Stérzen or Sterzinga (former Italian)
Šabac Шaбац (Serbian, Macedonian), Šabac (English, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Schabatz (German), Szabács (Hungarian), Böğürdelen (Turkish)
Štip Štip (English, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Штип (Serbian, Macedonian)
Stockholm Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Estokolmo (Tagalog*), Holmia (Latin), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Seutokholleum / Sŭt'okhollŭm - 스톡홀름 (Korean), Sīdégē'ĕrmó - 斯德哥爾摩 (Chinese)*, Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholbma (Sami), Stockholm (Basque, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stoc Tholm (Scottish Gaelic, archaic), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Slovak), Stokholm (Albanian, Azeri, former Estonian, Serbian, Turkish), Stokholm - Стокхолм (Bulgarian), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi - Στοκχόλμη (Greek), Stokkhólmur (Faroese, Icelandic), Stokkolma (Maltese), Sutokkuhorumu - ストックホルム (Japanese)*, Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish),Sa-tok-home-สตอกโฮล์ม (Thai)*
Stargard Szczeciński Stargard Szczeciński (Polish), Stargard in Pommern or Stargard an der Ihna (German), Stargardia (Latin), Stôrgard (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Stargarda Ščeciņska (Latvian), Ščecino Stargardas (Lithuanian), Στάργκαρντ Σετσέτσινσκι (Greek), Старгард Щециньски (Russian), Старгард Щеціньски (Ukrainian),
Stralsund Stralsund (German, Swedish), Stralsunda (Italian), Strzałowo or Strzałów (Polish)
Strasbourg Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Estrasburg (Catalan), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Seuteuraseubureu / Sŭt'ŭrasŭburŭ - 스트라스부르 (Korean), Straatsburg (Afrikaans and Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Strasborg (Scottish Gaelic), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian),Strasburgu (Maltese), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish, Swiss German, former Swedish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strazburg (Turkish), Strasbūra (Latvian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian), Stroossbuerg (Luxembourgish), Strasvúrgo - Στρασβούργο (Greek), Sutorasubūru - ストラスブール (Japanese)*
Straubing Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech)
Struga Struga (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Струга (Macedonian)
Strumica Strumica (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Струмица (Macedonian)
Stuttgart Estugarda (Portuguese), Shututtogaruto - シュトゥットガルト (Japanese)*, Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Schturgert (Swabian German)*, Stuttgart (Brazilian Portuguese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Stoutgárdhi - Στουτγάρδη (Greek), Štutgarte (Latvian), Štutgartas (Lithuanian), Syututeugareuteu / Syut'ut'ŭgarŭt'ŭ - 슈투트가르트 (Korean)
Subotica Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Finnish, Slovene, Polish, Romanian), Szabadka (Hungarian)
Suceava Shots - שאָץ (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German), Szucsava (Hungarian)
Sveti Nikole Sveti Nikole (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian), Свети Николе (Macedonian)
Swansea Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Dutch, German, Slovene), Svonsi (Serbian), Suonsi - სუონსი (Georgian*),
Świnoujście Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish)
Syracuse Saraùsa (Sicilian), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan), Sioracús (Irish), Siragüza (Arabic), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Siracuza (former Romanian), Sirakuza (Azeri, Serbian), Sirakuża (Maltese), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Sirakúses - Συρακούσες (Greek), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakus (German), Syrakusa (Finnish, Swedish), Syrakuse (Dutch), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Syrakusy / Syrákúsy[2] (Czech)
Szczebrzeszyn Shebreshin - שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish)
Szczecin Estetino (Portuguese, Spanish), Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Turkish, former English), Stettyn (Afrikaans), Szczecin (Polish, Romanian), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovak, Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Ščecina (Latvian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian), Ščecin - Шчэцін (Belarusian), Syuchechin / Syuch'ech'in - 슈체친 (Korean)*, Στεττίνο (Greek)
Szczytno Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish)
Szeged Partiscum (Latin), Segedín (Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Segedin (Turkish), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian), Szegedin or Segedin (German), Siget (Croatian)
Székesfehérvár Alba Regia (Latin), Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish), Stolni Beograd Столни Београд (Serbian)
Szentendre Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian)
Szombathely Kamenica (Slovak), Kamenec (Czech), Sambotel (Croatian), Savaria or Sabaria (Latin), Sombotel (Slovene), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian)

T

English name Other names or former names
Tallinn Kolõvan (former Estonian), Lindanise (former Estonian), Lyndanisse (former Danish variant), Lindanäs (former Swedish variant), Räffle (former Swedish variant), Rääveli (former Finnish), Rävel (former Swedish variant), Reval (former Dutch, English, French, German, Swedish and Danish), Revalia (Latin), Revel' - Ревель (former Russian), Rewel (former Polish), Rēvele (former Latvian), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Talin (alternate Portuguese, Serbian, alternate Turkish), Tălín - 塔林 (Chinese), Ταλλίνη (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Tallin / T'allin - 탈린 (Korean), Tallin (Polish, Romanian, Russian, Slovak; also a variant in Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, used mainly between 1944–1991), Talinny (Hungarian), Tallinn (Azeri, Estonian, Danish, Dutch, German, Maltese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish), Taillinn (Irish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish; former Estonian), Tarin - タリン (Japanese)*
Tampere Tammerfors (Danish, Swedish), Tampere (Azeri, Estonian, Finnish, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish), Tampere / T'amp'ere - 탐페레 (Korean), Tamperė (Lithuanian)
Taranto Taranto (Italian, Romanian), Táras - Τάρας (ancient Greek), Tárantas - Τάραντας (modern Greek) Tarent (Czech, German, Polish, Romanian variant, Serbian), Tàrent (Catalan), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin)
Târgu Mureş Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (am Mieresch) (German), Târgu Mureş (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian, old spelling)
Târgu Neamţ Németvásár (Hungarian), Târgu Neamţ (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Neamţ (Romanian, old spelling)
Târgu Ocna Aknavásár (Hungarian), Târgu Ocna (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Ocna (Romanian, old spelling)
Târgu Jiu Zsilvásárhely (Hungarian), Târgu Jiu (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Jiu (Romanian, old spelling), Tergoschwyl (German)
Tarnów Tarne - טארנע (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish), Tarniv - Тарнів (Ukrainian)
Tarnowskie Góry Tarnowitz (German), Tarnowskie Góry (Polish)
Tarragona Tarragona (Catalan, Spanish, English), Tarraco (Latin), Tarragone (French)
Tartu Derpt - Дерпт (former Russian), Dorpat (former German, Polish and Swedish), Tarto (Võro), Tartto (Finnish), Tartu (Estonian, German, Latvian, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tharbata (Latin), Yur'yev - Юрьев (former Russian)
Tarvisio Tarvis (Friulian, German), Tarvisio (Italian), Trbiž (Slovene)
Tashkent Tachkent (French), Taschkent (German), Tashikento - タシケント (Japanese)*, Tashkent - Ташкент (Russian, Ukrainian), Tasjkent (Faroese, Swedish), Taşkent (Turkish), Taškent (Finnish, Italian), Tasyukenteu / T'asyuk'ent'ŭ - 타슈켄트 (Korean), Taszkent (Polish), Toshkent or Тошкент (Uzbek), Τασκένδη (Taskendi) (Greek)
Taurage Taurage (Lithuanian), Tauroggen (German), Taurogi (Polish)
Tekirdağ Byzanthe (Ancient Greek name of a Thracian town very near the modern city), Raedestus / Rhaedestus (Latin), Rhaidestos (Greek), Rodosçuk (early Ottoman Turkish), Rodosto (Italian and various European languages), Rodostó (Hungarian), Tekfurdağı (late Ottoman Turkish), Tekirdağ (Turkish), Visanthi (Modern Greek form of Byzanthe)
Tempio Pausania Tempio Pausania (Italian), Tempiu (Corsican, Sardinian), Tempio (Spanish, Catalan, former Italian)
Terezín Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German), Terezin (Polish)
Tetovo Tetovo (English, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, Slovene), Тетово (Macedonian), Kalkandelen (Turkish)
The Hague Ang Haya (Tagalog*), D'n 'Aegt (Zeelandic), Lāhāy (Arabic), La Hay or La Haye (Vietnamese), Lahey (Turkish), L'Aia (Italian), L-Aja (Maltese), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), De Haag (local Haags dialect), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Hāga (Latvian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian, Albanian), Hága (Hungarian), Hago (Esperanto), Hāgu - ハーグ (Japanese)*, Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), Hăiyá - 海牙 (Chinese), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Ηáyi - Χάγη (Greek), Heigeu / Heigŭ - 헤이그 (Korean)
Theodosia Theodhósia - Θεοδωσία (Greek), Kefe (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Feodosija (Finnish), Feodosiya - Феодосія (Ukrainian), Feodosiya - Феодосия (Russian), Teodozja (Polish)
Thessaloniki Salonic (Romanian), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternate Portuguese, alternate Spanish, alternate Ladino), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonikai (Lithuanian), Saloniki (Azeri, German, Latvian, Polish, Ladino, alternative Greek name), Saloniki - Салоники (Russian), Saloniki / Thessaloniki (Swedish), Saloniky - Салоніки (Ukrainian), Salonique / Thessalonique (French), Salonka (Maltese), Săruna (Aromanian), Selanik (Ladino*, Turkish, Albanian), Solun - Солун (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Soluň (Czech), Solún (Slovak), Sołuń (Polish, historical), Szaloniki / Tesszaloniki (Hungarian), Thessaloniki - Θεσσαλονίκη (Greek), Teasaloinicé (Irish), Tesalloniki / T'esallonik'i - 테살로니키 (Korean), Tesalonic (alternative Romanian name), Tesalonica (Tagalog*), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalònica (Catalan), Tessalonika(Finnish), Tessaloniki (Finnish), Salonik'i - სალონიკი / Tesalonik'i - თესალონიკი (Georgian*)
Thionville Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch), Diddenhuewen (Luxembourgish), Thionville (French)
Thusis Thusis (German), Tusaun (Romansh)
Timişoara Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), טמשוואר (Yiddish), Temeşvar (Turkish)
Tipperary Tiobraid Árann (Irish)
Tirana Tiorána (Irish), Tiran (Turkish), Tirana (Azeri, Catalan, Finnish, Italian*, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Τίρανα (Greek), Tirana - ティラナ (Japanese)*, Tirana / T'irana - 티라나 (Korean), Tirāna (Latvian), Tirana -Тирана (Russian), Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Trnava - Трнава (old Macedonian)
Tongeren Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin)
Tornio Duortnus (Northern Sami), Toreunio / T'orŭnio - 토르니오 (Korean), Torneå (Swedish), Tornio (Estonian, Finnish)
Tórshavn Thorshavn (Danish, Finnish, Romanian), Torshamn (Swedish), Tórshavn (Faroese), Þórshöfn (Icelandic), Toreuseuhaun / T'orŭsŭhaun - 토르스하운
Toruń Torun (Romanian), Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis, Thorun (Latin), Torń (Kashubian), Torun' - Торунь (Ukrainian)
Toulon Toló (Catalan), Tolón (Spanish)*, Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French, Finnish, Romanian) Tulon (Azeri, Polish, old Romanian), Tulona (Latvian)
Toul Toul (French*, Finnish*, German*, Portuguese*, Romanian*, Swedish*), Tull (old German *)
Toulouse Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, Occitan, former Spanish, Basque), Toulouse (French, Finnish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Tullujeu / T'ullujŭ - 툴루즈 (Korean), Tuluz (Serbian), Tuluza (Azeri, Polish), Tuluza - Тулуза Tulūza (Latvian, Lithuanian), Tulúzi - Τουλούζη (Greek), (Bulgarian), Tūrūzu - トゥールーズ (Japanese)*
Tournai Doornijk (Flemish), Doornik (Dutch), Dornick (German), Tournai (French, Romanian)
Tours Tours (French), Caesarodunum (Latin), Teurgn (Breton)
Trakai Troki - Трокі (Belarusian), Trakai (Lithuanian, Turkish), Trakay (alternative Turkish), Traķi (Latvian), Troki (Polish), Troky (Czech)
Tralee Trá Lí (Irish)
Trenčín Laugaricio (Latin), Trentschin (German), Тренчин (Russian), Trenczyn (Polish), Trencsén (Hungarian)
Trento Trent (older English), Trente (Dutch, French), Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Trident (Czech), Tridentum (Latin), Trient (German), Trydent (Polish)
Trier Augusta Trevirorum (Latin), Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Tréier (Luxembourgish), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trèveris (Catalan), Trier (Dutch, German, Swedish), Trive (Walloon), Τρεβήροι (Greek - καθαρεύουσα)
Trieste Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech, Slovak), Teryésti - Τεργέστη (Greek), Teurieseute / T'ŭriesŭt'e - 트리에스테 (Korean), Toriesute - トリエステ (Japanese)*, Triëst (Dutch), Triest (Catalan, Dutch, Friulian, German, Polish, Romanian variant), Trieszt (Hungarian), Trieste (Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Triyeste (alternative Turkish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene)
Trogir Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian)
Trnava Tyrnavia (Latin), Nagyszombat (Hungarian), Tyrnau (German), трнава (Ukrainian),
Tromsø Romsa (Sami), Teuromsoe / T'ŭromsoe - 트롬쇠 (Korean), Tromssa (Finnish), Tromsö (Swedish, Turkish)
Trondheim Drontheim (old German), Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Råante (Southern Sami), Roanddin (Northern Sami), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Trånnhjæm (in the pronunciation of some of the locals), Trondheim (Dutch*, German*, Norwegian*, Romanian*, Swedish*, Turkish; from Late Middle Ages Kaupangen i Trondheimen (modernised form)), Trondheimas (Lithuanian), Trondhjem (Danish/Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Tronheima (Latvian), Tróndheimur (Faroese)
Truro Truru (Cornish) *
Trzebiatów Treptow an der Rega (German)
Tübingen Túbīngēn - 圖賓根 (Chinese), Tubinga (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tübingen (German, Swedish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish), Tivíngi - Τυβίγγη (Greek)
Turin Augusta Taurinorum (Latin), Taurasia (probably pre-Roman Celtic),Taurinum (medieval Latin), Torí (Catalan), Torino (Finnish, Italian, Croatian, Greek, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Turkish), Torinó (Hungarian), Torino - トリノ (Japanese)*, Torino / T'orino - 토리노 (Korean), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turin (Piedmontese, Azeri, Basque, French, Friulian, German, Maltese, Occitan, Lombard, Genoese, Swedish), Turini - ტურინი (Georgian*), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Afrikaans, Polish), Turīna (Latvian), Turinas (Lithuanian), Turien (Limburgish), Τουρίνο (Greek)
Turckheim Turckheim (French)*, Türkheim im Elsass (German, obsolete)*
Turku Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Tureuku / T'urŭk'u - 투르쿠 (Korean), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Azeri, Finnish, Latvian, Romanian, Turkish)
Tver Kalinin (former name), Tver (Azeri, Italian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Twer (Polish, German), Tvera (Latvian), Tverė (Lithuanian), Ćvier - Цвер (Цьвер) (Belarusian), Tiveri (Finnish, Karelian)
Tyszowce Tishevits - טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish)

References

  1. Buruma, Ian. Year Zero: A History of 1945. Penguin, 2013.
  2. cs:Syrakusy
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