National Hero of Indonesia

National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Gelar Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia.^[1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens"^{[lower-alpha 1]} or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".^{[lower-alpha 2][2]} The Ministry of Social Affairs gives seven criteria which an individual must fulfill, as follows:^[2]

1. An Indonesian citizen^{[lower-alpha 3]} who is deceased and, during his or her lifetime, led an armed struggle or produced a concept or product useful to the state;
2. Have continued the struggle throughout his or her life and performed above and beyond the call of duty;
3. Have had a wide-reaching impact through his or her actions;
4. Have shown a high degree of nationalism;
5. Have been of good moral standing and respectable character;
6. Never surrendered to his or her enemies; and
7. Never made an act which taints his or her legacy.^{[lower-alpha 4]}

Nominations undergo a four-step process and must be approved at each level. A proposal is made by the general populace in a city or regency to the mayor or regent, who must then make a request to the province's governor. The governor then makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, which forwards it to the president, represented by the Board of Titles (Dewan Gelar);^[2] this board consists of two academics, two persons of a military background, and three persons who have previously received an award or title.^[1] Those selected by the president, as represented by the Board, are awarded the title at a ceremony in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta.^[2] Since 2000, the ceremony has occurred in early November, coinciding with Indonesia's Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan).^[3]

The legal framework for the title, initially styled National Independence Hero (Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional), was established with the release of Presidential Decree No. 241 of 1958. The title was first awarded on 30 August 1959 to the politician turned writer Abdul Muis, who had died the previous month.^[4][5][6] This title was used for the rest of Sukarno's rule. When Suharto rose to power in the mid-1960s, the title was given its current name. Special titles at the level of National Hero have also been awarded. Hero of the Revolution (Pahlawan Revolusi) was given in 1965 to ten victims of the failed 30 September Movement coup, while Sukarno and former vice-president Mohammad Hatta were given the title Proclamation Heroes (Pahlawan Proklamasi) in 1988 for their role in reading the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.^[7][4][6]

A total of 156 men and 12 women have been deemed national heroes, most recently Bernard Wilhelm Lapian, Mas Isman, I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung, Ki Bagus Hadikusumo and Muhammad Yasin in 2015.^[8] These heroes have come from all parts of the Indonesian archipelago, from Aceh in the west to Papua in the east. They represent numerous ethnicities, including native Indonesians, ethnic Chinese, and Eurasians. They include prime ministers, guerrillas, government ministers, soldiers, royalty, journalists, and a bishop.

The following list is initially presented in alphabetical order; owing to differing cultural naming conventions, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list is further sortable by year of birth, death, and recognition. Names are standardised using the Perfected Spelling System and thus may not reflect the original spelling.^{[lower-alpha 5]}

National Heroes of Indonesia

Abdul Haris Nasution

Adnan Kapau Gani

Agus Salim

Antasari, on a 2,000 rupiah bill

Bung Tomo

Cut Nyak Dhien, on a 10,000 rupiah bill

Fatmawati

Hamengkubuwono IX

Kartini

Pakubuwono X

Mohammad Hatta

Mohammad Natsir

Mohammad Yamin

Sisingamangaraja XII, on a 1,000 rupiah bill

Sudirman

Albertus Sugiyapranata

Sukarno

Tan Malaka

Urip Sumoharjo

Contents
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National Heroes of Indonesia

Name	Born	Died	Notes	Elevated	Ref(s).
Abdul Halim	1911	1988	Independence activist and politician, fourth Prime Minister of Indonesia	2008	[3][9]
Abdul Haris Nasution	1918	2000	General in the Army, twice appointed Army Chief of Staff	2002	[3][10]
Abdul Kadir	1771	1875	Nobleman from Melawi, promoted economic development, fought against Dutch colonial forces	1999	[3][11]
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah	1908	1981	Islamic scholar and author	2011	[12]
Abdul Muis	1883	1959	Politician, later author	1959	[lower-alpha 6][4][13]
Abdul Rahman Saleh	1909	1947	Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch	1974	[4][14]
Abdul Wahab Hasbullah	1888	1971		2014	[15]
Abdullah Bau Massepe, AndiAndi Abdullah Bau Massepe	1918	1947	Bugis nobleman, led attacks against Dutch forces during the National Revolution, son of Andi Mappanyukki	2005	[3][16]
Achmad Subarjo	1896	1978	Independence activist and government minister	2009	[3][17]
Adam Malik	1917	1984	Journalist and independence activist, third Vice-President of Indonesia	1998	[3][18]
Adnan Kapau Gani	1905	1968	Independence activist turned government minister, smuggled weapons to support the National Revolution	2007	[3][19]
Ageng Serang, NyiNyi Ageng Serang	1752	1828	Javanese guerrilla leader who led attacks on Dutch colonials on several occasions	1974	[3][20]
Agus Salim	1884	1954	Minang Islamic leader, politician, independence activist	1961	[4][21]
Agustinus Adisucipto	1916	1947	Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch	1974	[4][22]
Ahmad Dahlan	1868	1934	Javanese Islamic leader, established Muhammadiyah; husband of Siti Walidah	1961	[4][23]
Ahmad Rifa'i	1786	1870	Islamic thinker and writer known for his anti-Dutch stance	2004	[3][24]
Ahmad Yani	1922	1965	Leader of the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][25]
Alimin	1889	1964	Independence advocate, politician, and Communist Party of Indonesia figure	1964	[4][26]
Amir Hamzah	1911	1946	Poet and nationalist	1975	[3][27]
Antasari	1809	1862	Fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Banjarmasin War	1968	[4][28]
Arie Frederik Lasut	1918	1949	Geologist and educator who was executed by the Dutch	1969	[4][29]
Bagindo Azizchan	1910	1947	Mayor of Padang, resisted Dutch forces during the National Revolution	2005	[3][30]
Basuki Rahmat	1921	1969	General, witness to the Supersemar	1969	[4][31]
Bernard Wilhelm Lapian	1892	1977		2015	[8]
Chik di Tiro, TeungkuTeungku Chik di Tiro	1836	1891	Acehnese Islamic figure and guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces	1973	[4][32]
Cilik Riwut	1918	1987	Soldier and politician, promoted economic and cultural development in Central Kalimantan	1998	[3][33]
Cipto Mangunkusumo	1886	1943	Javanese politician, mentor to Sukarno	1964	[4][34]
Cokroaminoto	1883	1934	Politician, leader of Sarekat Islam, mentor to Sukarno	1961	[4][35]
Dekker, Ernest DouwesErnest Douwes Dekker	1879	1950	Indo journalist and politician who advocated Indonesian independence	1961	[lower-alpha 7][4][36]
Dewi Sartika	1884	1947	Educator, established the country's first school for girls	1966	[4][37]
Dhien, Cut NyakCut Nyak Dhien	1850	1908	Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces; wife of Teuku Umar	1964	[4][38]
Diponegoro	1785	1855	Son of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought a five-year war against Dutch colonial forces	1973	[4][39]
Donald Izacus Panjaitan	1925	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][40]
Eddy Martadinata	1921	1966	Admiral in the Navy and diplomat, killed in a helicopter crash	1966	[4][41]
Fakhruddin	1890	1929	Islamic leader, negotiated protection of Indonesian hajj pilgrims	1964	[4][42]
Fatmawati	1923	1980	Sewed the first national flag, social activist, a wife of Sukarno	2000	[3][43]
Ferdinand Lumbantobing	1899	1962	Doctor and politician, fought for the rights of forced labourers	1962	[4][44]
Frans Kaisiepo	1921	1979	Papuan nationalist who helped in the acquisition of Papua	1993	[3][45]
Gatot Mangkupraja	1896	1968	Independence activist and politician, suggested the formation of Defenders of the Homeland	2004	[3][46]
Gatot Subroto	1907	1962	General, deputy chief-of-staff of the Army	1962	[4][47]
Halim Perdanakusuma	1922	1947	Early figure in the Air Force, killed during the National Revolution	1975	[3][48]
Hamengkubuwono I	1717	1792	Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought against the Dutch East India Company, established Yogyakarta	2006	[3][49]
Hamengkubuwono IX	1912	1988	Sultan of Yogyakarta, independence activist, military leader, and politician; second Vice-President of Indonesia	1990	[3][50]
Harun Bin Said	1947	1968	Bombed the MacDonald House during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation	1968	[lower-alpha 8][4][51]
Hasan Basri	1923	1984	Soldier during the Indonesian National Revolution, supported the integration of Kalimantan in Indonesia	2001	[3][52]
Hasanuddin	1631	1670	Sultan of Gowa, fought against Dutch colonial forces	1973	[4][53]
Hasyim Asy'ari	1875	1947	Islamic leader, founder of Nahdlatul Ulama	1964	[4][54]
Hazairin	1906	1975	Legal scholar, independence activist, government minister, and educator	1999	[3][55]
Herman Johannes	1912	1992	Engineer, made weapons during the National Revolution, helped establish Gadjah Mada University	2009	[3][56]
Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung	1921	1999	Independence activist and government minister	2007	[3][57]
Idham Chalid	1921	2010	Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, politician	2011	[12][58]
Ilyas Yakoub	1903	1958	Independence activist, politician, and guerrilla fighter	1999	[3][59]
Imam Bonjol, TuankuTuanku Imam Bonjol	1772	1864	Islamic figure from West Sumatra who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War	1973	[4][60]
Inten II, RadinRadin Inten II	1834	1856	Nobleman from Lampung, led a revolution against Dutch colonists	1986	[3][61]
Iskandar Muda	1593	1636	Sultan of Aceh, expanded the state's influence	1993	[lower-alpha 9][3][62]
Ismail Marzuki	1914	1958	Composer known for numerous patriotic songs	2004	[3][63]
Iswahyudi	1918	1947	Early figure in the Air Force, killed during the National Revolution	1975	[3][64]
Iwa Kusumasumantri	1899	1971	Independence activist, lawyer, and politician	2002	[3][65]
Izaak Huru Doko	1913	1985	Independence activist and educator, helped establish Udayana University	2006	[3][66]
Jamin Ginting	1921	1974		2014	[15]
Janatin	1943	1968	Bombed the MacDonald House during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation	1968	[lower-alpha 10][4][67]
Jatikusumo	1917	1992	General in the Army and politician	2002	[3][68]
Jemma, AndiAndi Jemma	1935	1965	Independence activist, led attacks against Dutch forces during the National Revolution	2002	[3][69]
Johannes Abraham Dimara	1916	2000	Papuan army officer who helped in the acquisition of Papua	2010	[70]
Johannes Leimena	1905	1977	Early Minister of Health, developed the Puskesmas clinic system	2010	[70]
Juanda Kartawijaya	1911	1963	Sundanese politician, final Prime Minister of Indonesia	1963	[4][71]
Karel Satsuit Tubun	1928	1965	Police brigadier, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][72]
Kartini	1879	1904	Javanese women's rights figure	1964	[4][73]
Kasimo, Ignatius JosephIgnatius Joseph Kasimo	1900	1986	Independence activist, Catholic Party leader	2011	[12][74]
Katamso Darmokusumo	1923	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][75]
Ketut Jelantik, I GustiI Gusti Ketut Jelantik	Unknown	1849	Balinese leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces	1993	[3][76]
Ketut Puja, I GustiI Gusti Ketut Puja	1904	1957	First governor of Bali	2011	[12][77]
Ki Bagus Hadikusumo	1890	1954		2015	[8]
Ki Hajar Dewantara	1889	1959	Educator and government minister, established Taman Siswa, brother of Suryopranoto	1959	[4][78]
Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro	1904	1957	Educator with Budi Utomo and Taman Siswa, government minister	2011	[12][79]
Kiras Bangun	1852	1942	Batak guerrilla leader who fought the Dutch colonialists	2005	[3][80]
Kusumah Atmaja	1898	1952	First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court	1965	[4][81]
La Maddukelleng	1700	1765	Nobleman from Paser Sultanate, repelled Dutch forces from Wajo Kingdom	1998	[3][82]
Lambertus Nicodemus Palar	1900	1981	Diplomat, negotiated recognition of Indonesia during the Revolution	2013	[83]
Lie, JohnJohn Lie	1911	1988	Rear Admiral in the Navy, smuggled products to fund the National Revolution	2009	[3][84]
Mahmud Badaruddin II	1767	1852	Sultan of Palembang, fought against English and Dutch colonists	1984	[3][85]
Mangkunegara I	1725	1795	Fought against Dutch colonists and collaborators in Central Java	1988	[3][86]
Mappanyukki, AndiAndi Mappanyukki	1885	1967	Bugis nobleman, led attacks against Dutch forces in the 1920s and 30s, father of Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe	2004	[3][87]
Maria Walanda Maramis	1872	1924	Women's rights advocate and educator	1969	[4][88]
Martha Christina Tiahahu	1800	1818	Guerrilla fighter from Maluku who died in Dutch custody	1969	[4][89]
Marthen Indey	1912	1986	Nationalist and independence activist, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia	1993	[3][90]
Mas Isman	1924	1982		2015	[8]
Mas Mansur	1896	1946	Islamic scholar, Muhammadiyah leader	1964	[4][91]
Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono	1924	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][92]
Maskun Sumadireja	1907	1986	Independence activist and politician	2004	[3][93]
Meutia, Cut NyakCut Nyak Meutia	1870	1910	Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces	1964	[4][94]
Mohammad Hatta	1902	1980	Independence activist, First Vice-President of Indonesia	2012	[lower-alpha 11][95][96]
Mohammad Husni Thamrin	1894	1941	Politician and independence activist	1960	[4][97]
Mohammad Natsir	1908	1993	Islamic scholar and politician, fifth Prime Minister of Indonesia	2008	[3][98]
Muhammad Hasan, TeukuTeuku Muhammad Hasan	1906	1997	Independence activist, first governor of Sumatra	2006	[3][99]
Muhammad Mangundiprojo	1905	1988		2014	[15]
Muhammad Yamin	1903	1962	Poet turned politician and independence activist	1973	[4][100]
Muhammad Yasin				2015	[8]
Mustopo	1913	1986	Leader during the Battle of Surabaya, established Dr. Moestopo Dental College	2007	[3][101]
Muwardi	1907	1948	Handled security for the Proclamation of Independence, established a hospital in Surakarta	1964	[4][102]
Nani Wartabone	1907	1986	Independence activist and politician, helped put down the Permesta rebellion	2003	[3][103]
I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung	1876	1906		2015	[8]
Ngurah Rai, I GustiI Gusti Ngurah Rai	1917	1946	Balinese military leader during National Revolution	1975	[3][104]
Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin	1738	1805	Sultan of Tidore, led several naval battles against Dutch colonial forces	1995	[3][105]
Nur Ali	1914	1992	Islamic leader and educator, led student soldiers during the National Revolution	2006	[3][106]
Nyak Arif, TeukuTeuku Nyak Arif	1899	1946	Acehnese politician and resistance leader, first governor of Aceh	1974	[107]
Opu Daeng Risaju	1880	1964	Early woman politician, fought against the Dutch during the National Revolution	2006	[3][108]
Oto Iskandar di Nata	1897	1945	Politician and independence activist	1973	[4][109]
Pajonga Daeng Ngalie	1901	1958	Coordinated attacks in South Sulawesi during the National Revolution, promoted national integration	2006	[3][110]
Pakubuwono VI	1807	1849	Susuhunan of Surakarta, rebelled against Dutch colonial forces	1964	[4][111]
Pakubuwono X	1866	1939	Susuhunan of Surakarta, supported various projects which furthered Native Indonesian interests	2011	[12][112]
Pattimura	1783	1817	Guerrilla from Maluku who fought against Dutch colonial forces	1973	[4][113]
Pierre Tendean	1939	1965	Soldier in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][114]
Pong Tiku	1846	1907	Torajan noble, fought against Dutch colonialists	2002	[3][115]
Raja Ali Haji	1809	c. 1870	Historian and poet from Riau	2004	[3][116]
Raja Haji Fisabilillah	1727	1784	Warrior from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces	1997	[3][117]
Rajiman Wediodiningrat	1879	1952	First head of the People's Representative Council	2013	[83]
Ranggong Daeng Romo	1915	1947	Led troops in two battles against Dutch forces during the National Revolution	2001	[3][118]
Rasuna Said	1910	1965	Women's rights advocate and nationalist	1974	[3][119]
Robert Wolter Monginsidi	1925	1949	Guerrilla fighter in Makassar during the National Revolution, executed by the Dutch	1973	[4][120]
Saharjo	1909	1963	Minister of Justice, pioneered legal reform in the country	1963	[4][121]
Sam Ratulangi	1890	1949	Minahasa politician and supporter of Indonesian independence	1961	[4][122]
Samanhudi	1878	1956	Businessman, established Sarekat Islam	1961	[4][123]
Silas Papare	1918	1978	Fought for Papua's independence from the Netherlands, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia	1993	[3][124]
Sisingamangaraja XII	1849	1907	Batak leader who fought a lengthy guerrilla campaign against Dutch colonial forces	1961	[4][117]
Siswondo Parman	1918	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][125]
Siti Hartinah	1923	1996	Wife of then-president Suharto, active in social work, established Taman Mini Indonesia Indah	1996	[3][126]
Siti Walidah	1872	1946	Founder of Aisyiyah, Muhammadiyah figure, wife of Ahmad Dahlan,	1971	[lower-alpha 12][4][127]
Slamet Riyadi	1927	1950	Brigadier General in the Army, killed while putting down a rebellion in Sulawesi	2007	[3][128]
Sudirman	1916	1950	Commander in Chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces for most of the National Revolution	1964	[lower-alpha 13][4][129]
Sugiyapranata, AlbertusAlbertus Sugiyapranata	1896	1963	Javanese Catholic bishop and nationalist	1963	[4][130]
Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto	1926	1965	Colonel in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][131]
Suharso	1912	1971	Medical pioneer in prosthetics	1973	[4][132]
Sukarjo Wiryopranoto	1903	1962	Independence figure, diplomat, and politician	1962	[4][133]
Sukarni	1916	1971		2014	[15]
Sukarno	1901	1970	Independence activist who read the Proclamation of Independence, first President of Indonesia	2012	[lower-alpha 11][95][96]
Sultan Agung	1591	1645	Sultan of Mataram, fought against encroaches by the Dutch East India Company	1975	[3][134]
Sultan Daeng Radja, AndiAndi Sultan Daeng Radja	1894	1963	Independence activist and politician	2006	[3][135]
Supeno	1916	1949	Government minister, killed while fighting against the Dutch during the National Revolution	1970	[4][136]
Supomo	1903	1958	First Minister of Justice, helped write the Constitution	1965	[4][137]
Suprapto	1920	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][138]
Supriyadi	1925	1945	Leader of a rebellion against the Japanese occupation forces in Blitar	1975	[lower-alpha 14][3][139]
Suroso	1893	1981	Politician and independence activist	1986	[3][140]
Suryo	1896	1948	Governor of East Java during the National Revolution	1964	[4][141]
Suryopranoto	1871	1959	Education and workers' rights figure, brother of Ki Hajar Dewantara	1959	[4][142]
Sutan Syahrir	1909	1966	Politician, first Prime Minister of Indonesia	1966	[4][143]
Sutomo	1888	1938	Javanese educator, established Budi Utomo	1961	[lower-alpha 15][4][144]
Sutomo	1920	1981	Military officer who led troops in the Battle of Surabaya	2008	[lower-alpha 16][3][145]
Sutoyo Siswomiharjo	1922	1965	General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement	1965	[4][146]
Syafruddin Prawiranegara	1911	1989	First governor of Bank Indonesia	2011	[12]
Syarif Kasim II	1893	1968	Sultan of Siak, promoted integration of the East Sumatran kingdoms	1998	[3][136]
Tahi Bonar Simatupang	1920	1990	General who served as chief of staff from 1950 to 1954	2013	[83]
Tambusai, TuankuTuanku Tambusai	1784	1882	Islamic leader from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War	1995	[3][147]
Tan Malaka	1884	1949	Minang politician and communist activist	1963	[4][148]
Thaha Syaifuddin	1816	1904	Sultan of Jambi, led an armed revolution against Dutch colonial forces	1977	[3][149]
Tirtayasa	1631	1683	Guerrilla from Banten who fought against the Dutch	1970	[4][150]
Tirto Adhi Suryo	1880	1918	Early journalist, exiled for his anti-Dutch editorials	2006	[3][151]
Umar, TeukuTeuku Umar	1854	1899	Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces; husband of Cut Nyak Dhien	1973	[4][152]
Untung Surapati	1660	1706	Led several rebellions against the Dutch East India Company	1975	[3][153]
Urip Sumoharjo	1893	1948	Early leader of Indonesian Armed Forces, second in command to Sudirman	1964	[4][154]
Wage Rudolf Supratman	1903	1938	Composer of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya"	1971	[4][155]
Wahid Hasyim	1914	1953	Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, first Minister of Religion of Indonesia	1964	[4][156]
Wahidin Sudirohusodo	1852	1917	Doctor and leader in Budi Utomo	1973	[4][157]
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes	1895	1952	Medical pioneer in radiology	1968	[4][158]
Yos Sudarso	1925	1962	Commodore of the Navy, killed in a confrontation with the Dutch over Netherlands New Guinea	1973	[4][159]
Yusuf Tajul Khalwati	1626	1699	Islamic leader, led a guerrilla rebellion against the Dutch East India Company	1995	[3][160]
Zainal Mustafa	1907	1944	Islamic leader who fought against the Japanese occupation forces	1972	[4][161]
Zainul Arifin	1909	1963	Politician and guerrilla fighter, killed by an assassin targeting Sukarno	1963	[4][162]

Explanatory notes

1. Original: "'... perbuatan nyata yang dapat dikenang dan diteladani sepanjang masa bagi warga masyarakat lainnya."
2. Original: "... berjasa sangat luar biasa bagi kepentingan bangsa dan negara."
3. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2009 gives provisions for persons who died before Indonesia's independence in 1945, allowing those who "fought against colonialism in an area that is now part of Indonesia" (Original: "berjuang melawan penjajahan di wilayah yang sekarang menjadi wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia") to receive the title.
4. Based on the original:
   1. Warga Negara Indonesia yang telah meninggal dunia dan semasa hidupnya:
      1. Telah memimpin dan melakukan perjuangan bersenjata atau perjuangan politik/ perjuangan dalam bidang lain mencapai/ merebut /memper tahankan/mengisi kemerdekaan serta mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.
      2. Telah melahirkan gagasan atau pemikiran besar yang dapat menunjang pembangunan bangsa dan negara.
      3. Telah menghasilkan karya besar yang mendatangkan manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas atau meningkatkan harkat dan martabat bangsa Indonesia.
   2. Pengabdian dan Perjuangan yang dilakukannya berlangsung hampir sepanjang hidupnya (tidak sesaat) dan melebihi tugas yang diembannya.
   3. Perjuangan yang dilakukan mempunyai jangkauan luas dan berdampak nasional.
   4. Memiliki konsistensi jiwa dan semangat kebangsaan/nasionalisme yang tinggi.
   5. Memiliki akhlak dan moral yang tinggi.
   6. Tidak menyerah pada lawan/musuh dalam perjuangannya.
   7. Datam riwayat hidupnya tidak pernah melakukan perbuatan tercela yang dapat merusak nilai perjuangannya.
5. The Indonesian language has undergone several spelling reforms since the country declared its independence in 1945. The Perfected Spelling System, mandated in 1972, is the current official spelling system in Indonesia.
6. Some sources give his birth year as 1886 or 1890.
7. Also known by the Sundanese name Danudirja Setiabudi
8. Also known as Harun Tahir
9. Year of birth uncertain. Some sources, such as Encyclopedia Britannica, give 1590.
10. Also known as Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali.
11. Previously declared a Proclamation Hero in 1986
12. Generally noted as Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, meaning "wife of Ahmad Dahlan"
13. 1916 is the date recognised by the Indonesian government. The actual date may be different. Several sources, for example, give 1912 (Said 1991, p. 80).
14. Date of death uncertain; he disappeared in 1945.
15. Most often referred to as Dr. Sutomo
16. Also known as Bung Tomo

Footnotes

1. Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2009.
2. Indonesian State Secretariat, Prosedur.
3. Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (2).
4. Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (1).
5. JCG, Abdul Muis.
6. Artaria 2002, p. 539.
7. Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama hgn Pahlawan (2).
8. CNN Indonesia, Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
9. Mirnawati 2012, p. 254.
10. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 251–252.
11. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 2–3.
12. The Jakarta Post 2011, Govt Gives.
13. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 64–66.
14. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 185–187.
15. Tribunnews, Presiden Jokowi Beri Gelar Pahlawan.
16. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 229–230.
17. Mirnawati 2012, p. 264.
18. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 227–228.
19. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 265–266.
20. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 20–21.
21. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 80–81.
22. Mirnawati 2012, p. 190.
23. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 90–93.
24. Mirnawati 2012, p. 255.
25. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 206–207.
26. Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 90–91.
27. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 143–144.
28. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 22–23.
29. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 158–159.
30. Mirnawati 2012, p. 234.
31. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 168–169.
32. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 52–53.
33. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 188–189.
34. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 68–70.
35. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 82–83.
36. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 71–72.
37. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 123–124.
38. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 4–5.
39. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 24–25.
40. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 210–211.
41. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 181–182.
42. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 93–94.
43. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 237–238.
44. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 160–161.
45. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 164–165.
46. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 239–240.
47. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 170–171.
48. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 201–202.
49. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 26–27.
50. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 197–198.
51. Mirnawati 2012, p. 178.
52. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 235–236.
53. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 42–43.
54. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 95–96.
55. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 271–272.
56. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 241–242.
57. Mirnawati 2012, p. 248.
58. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 292–293.
59. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 244–245.
60. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 56–57.
61. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 30–31.
62. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 44–45.
63. Mirnawati 2012, p. 249.
64. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 191–192.
65. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 276–277.
66. Mirnawati 2012, p. 250.
67. Mirnawati 2012, p. 187.
68. Mirnawati 2012, p. 253.
69. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 66–67.
70. The Jakarta Post 2010, Doctor, Army Officer.
71. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 86–87.
72. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 224–225.
73. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 121–122.
74. Mirnawati 2012, p. 300.
75. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 212–213.
76. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 8–9.
77. Mirnawati 2012, p. 298.
78. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 105–107.
79. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 296–297.
80. Mirnawati 2012, p. 258.
81. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 183–184.
82. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 14–15.
83. Parlina 2013, Govt names three new national heroes.
84. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 259–260.
85. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 46–47.
86. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 12–14.
87. Mirnawati 2012, p. 231.
88. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 108–109.
89. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 16–17.
90. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 203–204.
91. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 97–98.
92. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 208–209.
93. Mirnawati 2012, p. 261.
94. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 6–7.
95. Aritonang 2012, Sukarno, Hatta.
96. The Jakarta Post 2012, Respect Thy Heroes.
97. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 110–111.
98. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 262–263.
99. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 286–287.
100. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 119–120.
101. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 273–274.
102. Mirnawati 2012, p. 73.
103. Mirnawati 2012, p. 243.
104. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 176–177.
105. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 18–19.
106. Mirnawati 2012, p. 256.
107. Kamajaya 1981, pp. 50–57.
108. Mirnawati 2012, p. 268.
109. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 131–132.
110. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 269–270.
111. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 36–37.
112. Mirnawati 2012, p. 299.
113. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 10–11.
114. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 214–215.
115. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 28–29.
116. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 32–33.
117. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 34–35.
118. Mirnawati 2012, p. 280.
119. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 84–85.
120. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 199–200.
121. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 74–75.
122. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 162–163.
123. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 99–100.
124. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 193–194.
125. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 216–217.
126. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 246–247.
127. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 112–113.
128. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 166–167.
129. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 172–173.
130. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 195–196.
131. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 222–223.
132. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 116–117.
133. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 136–137.
134. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 40–41.
135. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 232–233.
136. Mirnawati 2012, p. 138.
137. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 114–115.
138. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 218–219.
139. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 134–135.
140. Mirnawati 2012, p. 133.
141. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 127–128.
142. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 125–126.
143. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 139–140.
144. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 76–77.
145. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 284–285.
146. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 220–221.
147. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 58–59.
148. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 141–142.
149. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 48–49.
150. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 38–39.
151. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 129–130.
152. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 54–55.
153. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 60–62.
154. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 174–175.
155. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 147–148.
156. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 88–89.
157. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 78–79.
158. Mirnawati 2012, p. 118.
159. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 179–180.
160. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 50–51.
161. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 101–102.
162. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 103–104.

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