Parvipelvia

Parvipelvia Temporal range: Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous, 210–93.5 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ichthyosaurus breviceps fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	†Ichthyosauria
Clade:	†Euichthyosauria
Node:	†Parvipelvia Motani, 1999
Subgroups
See text.

Parvipelvia (Latin for "little pelvis" - parvus meaning "little" and pelvis meaning "pelvis") is an extinct clade of euichthyosaur ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous (middle Norian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Named by Ryosuke Motani, in 1999, it contains the basal taxa like Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia.^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) found in their analysis seven synapomorphies that support Parvipelvia. They also found 10 synapomorphies that support the existence of post-Triassic clade of ichthyosaurs (all parvipelvians excluding Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia), for which the name Neoichthyosauria was found to be available.^[2]

Phylogeny

Parvipelvia is a node-based taxon defined in 1999 as "the last common ancestor of Hudsonelpidia, Macgowania, Ichthyosaurus and all of its descendants".^[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) also defined Neoichthyosauria which is a node-based taxon originally named by P. Martin Sander in 2000, as "the last common ancestor of Temnodontosaurus trigonodon and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus and all of its descendants".^[2] The cladograms below follows Motani (1999) and Maisch and Matzke (2000).^[1][2]

Parvipelvia	Macgowania Hudsonelpidia Suevoleviathan Neoichthyosauria (by definition)  Eurhinosauria Temnodontosaurus Thunnosauria

Parvipelvia	Macgowania Hudsonelpidia Neoichthyosauria  Temnodontosaurus Leptopterygiidae Suevoleviathan Thunnosauria

References

1. Ryosuke Motani (1999). "Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (3): 472–495. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011160.
2. Michael W. Maisch and Andreas T. Matzke (2000). "The Ichthyosauria" (PDF). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie B 298: 1–159.