Okavirus
| Okavirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group IV ((+)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Nidovirales |
| Family: | Roniviridae |
| Genus: | Okavirus |
| Type Species | |
| |
Okavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Nidovirales, in the family Roniviridae. Okaviruses infect crustaceans, mostly prawns. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Gill-associated virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: GAV: reddening, biofouling with exoparasites, emaciation, massive mortality; YHV: yellow head, arrest of feeding. massive mortality.[1][2] The name is derived from the 'Oka' or lymphoid organ in which the viruses are commonly detected and in which pathology occurs during acute infections. Lymphoid organs are anatomical structures common to penaeid shrimp.
Taxonomy
Group: ssRNA(+)
- Family: Roniviridae
- Genus: Okavirus
- Gill-associated virus
Two virus strains are recognized in this genus: Gill-associated virus and yellowhead virus. Both species were isolated from prawns.[3][4]
Structure
Viruses in Okavirus are enveloped, with bacilliform geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 20-30 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 26kb in length.[1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okavirus | Bacilliform | Helical | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life Cycle
Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Crustaceans and mostly prawns serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are ingestion.[1]
| Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Okavirus | Crustaceans: prawns | None | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
References
- 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Cowley JA, Dimmock CM, Spann KM, Walker PJ (2000) Gill-associated virus of Penaeus monodon prawns: an invertebrate virus with ORF1a and ORF1b genes related to arteri- and coronaviruses. J Gen Virol 81(Pt 6):1473–1484
- ↑ Sittidilokratna N, Dangtip S, Cowley JA, Walker PJ (2008) RNA transcription analysis and completion of the genome sequence of yellow head nidovirus. Virus Res 136(1–2):157–165